Study of rate of

evaporation of
different liquids
 INDEX
I. OBJECTIVE
II. THEORY
III. MATERIALS RECQUIRED
IV. PROCEDURE
V. OBSERVATION
VI. CONCLUSION
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
This project would not have been possible

without the kind support and help of many

individuals. I would like to thank our principal,

Mr.M.Pradeesh Kumar for his priceless

motivation. I would also like to thank our subject

teacher; Mrs.Anita and Mrs.Raghendu whose

valuable guidance helped me patch this project.

I would like to thank my parents for their

heartfelt support and encouragement. My

thanks to my fellow classmates in developing

the project.
Rate of Evaporation of Different
Liquids

Objective of Project
In this project, we shall investigate various

factors such as nature of liquid, surface of

liquid and temperature and find their

correlation with the rate of evaporation

of different liquids.
THEORY
Factors influencing rate
ofEvaporation:-
1. Concentration of the substance
evaporating in the air.
If the air already has a high concentration of
the substance evaporating, then the
givensubstance will evaporate more slowly.

2. Concentration of other substances in the

air.

If the air is already saturated with other

substances, it can have a lower capacity
forth substance evaporating.

3. Temperature of the substance.

If the substance is hotter, then evaporation
will be faster.

4. Flow rate of air.

This is in part related to the concentration
points above. If fresh air moves over the
substance all the time, then the
concentration of thesubstance in the air is
less likely to go up with time, thus
encouraging faster evaporation. In addition,
molecules in motion have more energy than
those at rest, and so the stronger the flow
of air, the greater the evaporating power of
the airmolecules.

5. Inter-molecular forces.

The stronger the forces keeping the

molecules together in the liquid or solid
state the more energy that must be input in
order to evaporate them.

6. Surface area and temperature.

The rate of evaporation of liquids varies

directly with temperature. With the increase
in the temperature, fraction of molecules
having sufficient kinetic energy to escape
out from the surface alsoincreases. Thus
with the increase in temperature rate of
evaporation also increases. Molecules that
escape the surface of the liquids constitute
the evaporation.Therefore larger surface
area contributes accelerating evaporation.
7. Nature of Liquids
The magnitude of inter-molecular forces of
attraction in liquid determines the speed of
evaporation. Weaker the inter-molecular
forces of attraction larger are the extent of
evaporation.

8. Density
The higher the density, the slower a liquid
evaporates.

9. Pressure

In an area of less pressure, evaporation

happens faster because there is less
exertion on the surface keeping the
molecules from launching themselves.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

APPARATUS:

 Three petridishes of diameter 10 cm

with covers.
 10 ml pipette.
 Stop watch.

CHEMICALS:
 Acetone
 Benzene
 Chloroform

Fig 0.1: Petridish used for experiment

Experiment no. 1
Aim:
To compare the rates of evaporation of
acetone, benzene and chloroform.

Requirement:
Three same size Petri dishes of diameter
10 cm, 10 ml. pipettes, stop watch, acetone
benzene and chloroform.

Procedure:
 Clean and dry all Petri dishes and
identify them as A, B and C.
  Pipette out of 10 ml. acetone in Petri
dish "A" with stopper similarly pipette out
of 10 ml. of benzene and chloroform in
each of Petri "B" and "C".
 Remove the cover plates from all Petri
dishes and start the stop watch.
 Let the Petri dishes remain exposed for
10 minute. Now cover each of the
petridish and note the volume of
remaining material in them.

Observation:
Time: 10 min = 600 Sec.

Petri Liquid Volume Vol.

Rate (V/T) ml./s
dishes Taken remaining Evap.
Marked (V1) (V2) ml. V=V1–
ml. V2
A 10 2 8 8/600=0.0133
B 10 3 7 7/600=0.0116
C 10 4 6 6/600=0.010

Results:
Rate of evaporation of Acetone is 0.0133
ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Benzene is 0.0166
ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Chloroform is 0.010
ml/s.

Conclusion:
The intermolecular forces of acetone,
benzene and chloroform are in order.
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.

Fig1.1 Intermolecular forces

Experiment no. 2

Aim:
To study the effect of surface area on the
rate of evaporation of diethyl ether.

Requirement:
Three petri dishes of diameter 2.5 cm, 5cm,
7.5 cm with cover, 10 ml of pipette and stop
watch.

Procedure:
 Clean and dry all petridishes and mark
them as A, B and C.
  Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether in each
of the petridish A, B and C and cover
them immediately.
 Uncover all the 3 petridish and start the
stopwatch.
 Note the remaining volume after 10
minutes.

Observation:
Time: 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

Petri
Diameter of Volume Taken Remaining Evaporated
dishes
P.T.Ds. (ml.) Vol. (ml.) volume
Marked

A 2.5 10 4 6
B 5.0 10 2 8
C 7.5 10 0 10

Result:
The order of evaporation of acetone in
three petridish are as 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5.

Conclusion:
Larger the surface area, greater the
evaporation.
Fig 2.1 Different petridishes with different surface areas.

Experiment 3

Aim:
To study the effect of temperature on rate
of evaporation of acetone.

Requirement:
Two petridish of 5 cm diameter, stop watch,
10 ml pipette, thermometer, thermostat.

Procedure:

 Wash, clean, dry the petridish and mark

them as A,B
 Pipette out 10 ml of acetone in each of
the petridish and cover them.
 Put one at room temperature and heat
the other.
  Note the reading.

Observation:

Time taken 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

Petri Evaporated
Time Temperature Volume Taken
dishes volume
(Sec.) (0C) (ml.)
Marked (ml.)
A 10 30 10 10
B 20 40 10 10

Result:
Evaporation during heating is greater than
evaporation at room temperature.

Conclusion:
Evaporation increases with increase in
temperature.

Fig 3.1: Heating a petridish.

CONCLUSION

Rate of evaporation of the given three

liquids is in the order:
Chloroform=0.0133 ml./s
Benzene=0.0116ml./s
Acetone=0.010ml./s
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone

 The intermolecular forces of acetone,

benzene and chloroform are in order.
 Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
 Larger the surface area, greater the
evaporation.
 Evaporation increases with increase in
temperature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
 WWW.CHEMWORLD.COM
 WWW.QUORA.COM
 WWW.ICBSE.COM