Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

A unit-connected generator typically uses a grounded-wye high-side and delta low-side transformer.
This configuration limits the ground fault current in between the generator terminal and the
transformer low side. ANSI standards specify that, for transformers with a phase shift, the higher
voltage windings should lead the lower voltage windings when the power system has ABC phase
rotation.

The transformer vector diagram for a wye-delta transformer with the high side leading the low side
by 30 degrees is shown on this slide.

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

• Complete the drawing to show the winding connections for this transformer

• Label the high-side transformer terminal phase connections

• Label the low-side transformer terminal phase connections

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

Determine the CT connections and transformation ratio for this generator step-up transformer.
Assume the differential protection is a traditional electromechanical relay. The transformer is
34.5/12 kV, Yd1 (YDAC), 25 MVA.

Fill in all the blank boxes on the drawing. Use the calculation sheet to help complete this assignment.

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

Calculations for Exercise 2

High-Voltage Side: 34.5 kV Low-Voltage Side: 12 kV

Current transformers must be connected in: Current transformers must be connected in:
DELTA. Draw the connection diagram on the WYE. Draw the connection diagram on the
figure. figure.

Rated current on the HV side: Rated current on the LV side:

25000 25000
I RATED   418.4 A I rated   1202.8 A
3 • 34.5 3 •12

Current Transformation Ratio selected: Current Transformation Ratio selected:

450/5 1500/5

Secondary currents entering the relays: Secondary currents leaving the relays:
418.4/  30 1202.8/  30
I A  3 •  8.05/  30 A I a   4.01/  30 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
418.4/  150 1202.8/  150
I B  3 •  8.05/  150 A I b   4.01/  150 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
418.4/90 1202.8/90
I C  3 •  8.05/90 A I c   4.01/90 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
Differential current before balancing with the relays’ TAP compensation = 8.05  4.01  4.04 A

TAP selection: 8.7 TAP selection: 4.2

Mismatch: (MM) = 8.05 8.7


4.01 4.2
•100  3.19%
8.05
4.01

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

Assume the differential protection uses a modern digital relay. Determine the TAP value and the
compensation matrix for each side of the differential protection shown in the figure. Determine the
value of current for each branch of the circuit. Fill in all the blanks. The transformer is 34.5/12 kV,
Yd1 (YDAC), 25 MVA.

Use the calculation sheet to help complete this assignment.

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

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 Exercise Solution: Transformer Differential Protection

Calculations for Exercise 3

High-Voltage Side: 34.5 kV Low-Voltage Side: 12 kV

Rated current on the HV side: Rated current on the LV side:

25000 25000
I RATED   418.4 A I rated   1202.8 A
3 • 34.5 3 •12
Current Transformation Ratio selected: Current Transformation Ratio selected:
450/5 1500/5

Secondary currents leaving the CTs: Secondary currents entering the CTs:
418.4/0 1202.8/  30
I A   4.65/0 A I a   4.01/  30 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
418.4/  120 1202.8/  150
I B   4.65/  120 A I b   4.01/  150 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
418.4/120 1202.8/90
I C   4.65/120 A I c   4.01/90 A
450 / 5 1500 / 5
25 •1000 •1 25 •1000 •1
TAP1   4.65 TAP 2   4.01
3 • 34.5 • 450 / 5 3 •12 •1500 / 5
Secondary currents after the 1/TAP1 block: Secondary currents after the 1/TAP2 block:
4.65/0 4.01/  30
I AT   1.0/0 A  
I aT  1.0/  30 A
4.65 4.01
4.65/  120 4.01/  150
 
I BT  1.0/  120 A  
I bT  1.0/  150 A
4.65 4.01
4.65/120 4.01/90
 
I CT  1.0/120 A  
I cT  1.0/90 A
4.65 4.01
Currents after the compensation block: Currents after the compensation block:

 
I Acomp  1/ 3 1.0/0  1.0/120   1.0/  30 A 
I acomp  1.0/  30 A
  1.0/  150 A
 1/ 3  1.0/  120  1.0/0   1.0/  150 A
I bcomp

I Bcomp

I ccomp  1.0/90 A

I Ccomp  1/ 3  1.0/120  1.0/  120   1.0/90 A

Differential current = 0

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