DISPOSAL OF WASTE At the end of the lecture the student will be able to By Prof. Dr. Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jaf seal Jafry Community Medicine Learning Objectives > Differentiate between various terminologies related to disposal of waste. (Refuse, Sludge, Sewer, Sewage, Sullage) > Understand the principal methods of refuse dispos (Dumping, Controlled tipping, Incineration, — Composti Manure pits, Burial) > Understand the classification and description of methods excrete disposal, (Dilution, Lend treatment, Chemical Biological treatment) » Discuss the Public Health importance of excreta disposal. Introduction Disposal of human excreta: Safe disposal of excreta, so that it does not contaminate the environment, water, food or hands, is essential for ensuring a healthy environment and for protecting personal health. This can be accomplished in many ways, some requiring water, others requiring little or none. Regardless of method, the safe disposal of human’ faeces is one of the principal ways of breaking the faecal-oral disease transmission cycle. Sanitation is therefore a critical barrier to disease transmission. ‘Extent of Problem + Most of the people of rural area use open field for defecation. They are ignorant that faces are infectious and pollute water and soil and promote fly breeding, Thus the problem of excreta disposal is bound up with numerous beliefs and habits based on ignorance. cae Precis came ¥ Water pollution ¥Soil Pollution ¥ Contamination of food ¥ Propagation of flies & other insectsSanitation Barrier ll) Gam) Human excreta is beat source of infection It is ig fan Important causes of environmental Pollution, Every society has a responsibility for its} safe removal & [disposal so that it does, not constitute a threat {to public health. Methods of Excreta disposal 1) Unsewered areas fo Service type latrines (conservancy system) o Non service type ( sanitary latrines) o Latrines used for Camps & temporary use ystem & sewage 2) Sewered areas(water carriage s treatment) «Screening + Removal of grit + Plain Sedimentation | eTrickding filters - + Activated Sludge process we t a | Sawer fae! pat g % The collection & removal of nightsoll from bucket or pail latrines by human agency Is called service type or| conservancy sytem ad the larne ae ele erie latrines. 4 The night soll iscarried by Soll Cart tothe place of final isposal where its disposed by: 1) Composting 2) Burrial In shallow trenches|AQUA PRI ‘An ideal system for hygienic final disposal of excreta in the absence of a central sewerage system. Excreta from many pour-flush latrines can be discharged into a septic tank, Designed to collect and treat excreta and tollet waste | water | Use is likely to be appropriate where | the volume of wastewater produced is toolargefor | disposal in pit latrines. water-borne sewerage is uneconomic or unaffonable. Fe An aqua-privy va latrine constructed direly above septic tank. }@ Aqua-prvles are appropriate ‘where pt latrines are unacceptable © The amount of water required for Mushing Is much smaller than or a septictank due tothe location of the tank. [& Ithelps to exclude odours from the superstructure. ‘ Not more than four falls per latrine. + Advantages Reduced odour ideal where water Is uted for anal cleansing easy Clean, Constraints: increased quant of water required slid anal iceaing matertsmayeaaseblocagessore expensive and iificut to construct than simple pit latrines Methods of disposal Dumping ‘Method of disposal in low lying areas . ‘Paty as mebod of redone of + Coronel bsg er ana nfl e + becneraton aan ete, cc Drawbacks + pasar 1 Spite os + atl + wuporamromerneaetar ~ ages ya + ratend wen ante Conta tipping) ety lil Sanitary Landfill ate med Sat oan st = " meester es pgmt ra edna soe Freed dogo arsine cre cept Oe, Prec naroupa cons ‘Methods in operation Pecinetet den yond Lampert tora ng an Lumamet Fag er, ean rr+ Complete decamgotin oa nna mas Utes pe by 4 ments "Tha med bas been revonced y mechanization The bul ees He at dete hes es tetas el peaegbimnng nd rede tot ast comay te et sadn Composing Cambioa posal of refuse and ight solo supe Seal aruerums pcp catn, vate; Mat Heat pau s >6teg over days cestys es eo fis, weed seeds nd pater agers ‘The ex ptt few no disease prsing ogni 8 is good sil buler Bangalore method oo (5) Mechanic compatng rracmeismmdcotinley sy sy aes Mita bee nance aes | es se, ol pag 1 rate ts napa non con! 6 ae Composting: some benefits Compost alows the silt retain more part nutrients over 3 longer peiad, supe pat ofthe 16 essential elements needed bythe plants, Thebs reduce the adverse eects of excessive altalinty, acy or the excessive use of chica feria a ‘Tt makes soil easier to cultivate, thes keep the sok coon summer and warm in ‘asin preventing soles by kein 1dsincartig ego of wed ntManure pits + ethat offal nr area by hob houshoters + The gre cate dng srow ard ees ae dupe to the mane is ad cored wth eat ater ech dy + 1n5-6 mors of time refuse & contd to manure wich can be returned felés + wo ach pis are cete, when one csed the the wl bein se Burial + Sutoble fr smal camps + Alvench Sm wide and 2m deepis ected, andat end of each dy the refs is covered wth 20-8em of eth + When leven the nthe wench 40 cs above the ground ve the ‘uerchis ld wth eat and camped, and new tench is dugout The contents may beaten out ater 46am ad sed [ Public Health Importance f ‘human exretaisa source ction Excreta disposal ‘ngorant cass of environment pliton ‘@Responsibllity of society to dispose it safely Fabre to poe ads severe det to publi eh Health hazards Diseases-improper disposal ‘togrper excreta uses ot pawon ‘acter: phil dysenteries ern Hemant tos ik hepa, dxtoess sropnd ies ‘ucdentocommentyin tes of sks, morality iow ‘elit: hook worm ascariasis expectation of life @Peteret to socal & econaic progressExtent of problem-India (078% of pputstion irra and ajay of them goto elds for etecaion (¢Stuationin urban areas equally wore (The solution to the problems oly though gene disposal of hhaman exseta which sa come stone of al pblcheth sevies owe oSLsE CARRE ROUTE ‘Transmission of faecal born diseases Teansrssion ol dseases to the human ost is preveredby segregation ol faces, protecion of fod, personal hire conta ales. Sanitation barr - ‘Transmission of faeca-borne diseases v=) v= ‘SANITATION BARRIER Di ‘Segregation of excreta by imposing a barieris caled Santaton tear This isthe mos otectve stp sotha the cease agent can ot reach the new host cirecy or indirectly Thank You