DENTAL MATERIALS

.limited shelf life of condensation silicones due to deterioration of tin compound

.heating gypsum above 1000 c liberates sulfur dioxde

.silicate cement powders made up of oxide or fluoride of aluminium calcium sodium silicone

.during casting of noble metal alloys the mold should be held at the burn out temperature for atleast 60
mins

.quartz acts as strenghtner in porcelain

.thermo setting resins epoxy resins

.metal appliance should not be cleaned with denture cleansers containing hypochlorites

.principal hardener in noble metal casting alloys is copper

.compressive stress always accompanied by compressive strain

.self cured and heat cured resins are similar in hardness

.during setting of gypsum mass thickens and hardens into needle like clusters called spherulites

.cross linking of condensation silicone elastomers require tin octoate

.zinc phosphate contain zinc oxide ,magnesium oxide ,bismuth oxide

.dental porcelain is manufactured by a process called fritting

.structure of dicor a castable glass ceramic is composed of crystalline mica particles

.strength in gypsum provided by dental stone

.internal porosity in denture is most likey to occur in the centre of a thick portion

.invariant transformation is a property of eutectic and pertectic alloys

.chemical used as a catalyst for the cross linking of addition silicones is platinum salt

.setting expansion of gypsum bonded investment materials is 0.1% to 0.5%

.borax is added to reversible hydrocolloids to increase strength and viscosity

.carbon has a melting point of 3700 c

.stainless steel can be stabilized by the addition of titanium

.finest abrasive is 0000

.silver has a melting point of 960 c

.main ingredient of inlay casting wax is paraffin wax

.disadvantage of electroform dies require long time for fabrication

.increase sprue length increased localised shrinkage porosity

.nickel in base metal alloys increases ductility

.example of resin polymerizing by condensation reaction is bakelite

.activating compounds for visible light cured resins are camphoroquinone and biacetyl

.model cement commonly known as sticky wax

.retarders of gypsum calcium citrate , potassium borate, dried blood

.potassium acetate acts as retarder in plaster

.setting reaction of plaster s based on precipitation

.amount of chromium in stainless steel should be more than 11%

.type v dental stone has high strength high expansion

.elongation is the most imp mechqnical property when a base metal cpd is adjusted

.heating a gypsum above 90 degree will remove the water of crstallization

.in reversibe hydrocolloids hysteresis is the lag between gelation and liquefaction temperature

.normal setting expansion of gypsum is 0.5%

.addition of manganese oxide gives lavender color to porcelain

.final product formed by the polymerization of a phenol formaldehyde resin bakelite is resite

.the principal corrosion product of dental gold alloys that contain silver is silver sulfide

.in noble metals platinum maybe substituted by paladium

.patients dislike odor and taste of polysulfides

.silicate cement have the least change in dimension in mouth temperature compared to acrylic , gold ,
composite and amalgam

.primary corrosion products of amalgam are oxides and chlorides of tin

.brinell hardness test uses a hardened steel ball indenting tool

.green strength of gypsum product refers to its wet strength

.cross linking of polysulfide elastomers can be made more effective by adding a little amount of sulfur

.in PFM porcelain bonds to metal by mechanical, chemical and compressive bonding

.following casting the gypsum mold is quenched in water when the button emits a dull red glow

.gum dammar added to inlay waxto improve smoothness during molding

.impression compund should be placed in patients mouth at 45 c while making impression

sand is used for polishing of base metal alloys

.strain hardening of metal would result in an increase in strength

.cyanoacrylate resins are bio degradable

.microfilled composite contain filler particle size of 0.04 -0.06

.calcining gypsum in a 30% solution of calcium chloride manufactures hardest type of dental stone

.addition of orthoethoxy benzoic acid increases strength of zinc oxide eugenol

.zinc oxide eugenol is better then wax for making interocclusal records because it offers no resistance to
closing of the mandible

.borax provide body and strength to reversible hydrocolloids

.buffering agent in liquid for silicate cement is aluminium phosphate

.maximum permissible flow of impression compound type 1 at mouth temperature is 6%

.gelation temperature of agar hydrocolloid impression material should be 37-45 degree c

.silicate cement restorations should never be used in mouth breathers

. abrasives used in dentifrices calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium oxide calcium
pyrophosphate

.pyroplastic flow of porcelain is decreased by the addition of potash form of feldspar

.GIC primarily used for restoring eroded areas

.gold casting alloys can be age hardened by heating at 200-450 degree c for 15- 30 mins and then
quenching in water

.silica in alginate impression can be a possible health hazard

.butyl rubber dissolved in chloroform can be used as a tray adhesive when making impression with
polysulfides

.composite essentially contain filler, resin binder , coupling agent

.biological tests in which the material is evaluated in experimental animals under conditions tht
stimulate the clinical use of the materials are termed level 2 tests

.direct filling gold has transverse strength of 39000 psi

.ferrite and austenite are ductile forms of iron

.method of imparting hardening heat treatment to dental gold alloys is to heat the alloy to 450 degree c
and gradually cool to 225 degree c in half an hour

.optimum thickness of rubber base impression materials in tray 2-3 mm

.first sign of preset hydration in a gypsum product is accelerated setting

.sublimation is conversion of solid directly to gas

.modulus of elasticity or youngs modulus of a material is indicative of its rigidity

.high w/p ratio in gypsum weak gypsum product, longer setting time ,lesser setting expansion

.in a casting sub surface porosity can be diminished by controlling the rate at which molten metal enters
the mold

.polymerization of heat cured resins is initiated by the formation of free radicals

.gold alloy designated as 750 fine indicates that three fourth of the alloy is pure gold

.potentially toxic element in base metal casting alloys is beryllium

.typical recommended w/p ratio of type 4 stone is 0.20 to 0.25

.% of filler by weight in conventional composite resins is more than 60%

.incorporation of orthoethoxy benzoic acid into conventional zinc oxide eugenol will decrease solubility

.hydroquinone added to resin monomer acts as inhibitor

.filler conc by weight in microfilled composites is 35-50%

normal hygroscopic setting expansion of gypsum bonded investments is 1.2 - 2.2%

.solidification shrinkage of gold alloys is in the range of 1.25-1.45%

.shades of dental porcelain nickel oxide -brown ,titanium oxide -yellowish brown, iron oxide- brown
copper oxide - green
.best gas to melt alloy propane

.cobalt decreases hardness of steel

.average processing shrinkage of self curing resin is 0.25%

.direct filling gold contain 99.99% pure gold

.boiling point of pure methylmethacrylate is 100.8 c

.binder in porcelain is kaolin.

.commonly used initiator in denture based resin is benzoyl peroxide

.at a temperature of 650 deree c when the gypsum investment is adequately heated the color of the
sprue in a shadow is cherry red

.oil of clove contain 70-85% eugenol

.vickers hardness number of temper steel is 800 and tungsten carbide is 1500-1600

.most powerful grain refiner in dental casting alloys is iridium

.type 4 gold alloys used for fabrication of saddle bars and clasps

.average particle size of modern amalgam alloy is 25-35 micron metre

.lowest water powder ratio is for type 5 stone

.strength of degree of saturation is chroma

.paraffin wax has lowest melting point

.for visible light cured resins light has a wavelength of 400nm

.gold casting alloys are solution heat treated by heating at 700 degree c for 10 min then quenching

.organizations responsible for the establishment of specifications of dental materials are FDI,ANSI,ISO

.less than 0.006% hydroquinone is added to PMM in dental resins

.in low heat technique of casting gypsum is heated to 500 degree c

.knoop hardness of heat cured pmm is 19-21 which is slightly more than self cured resins

.plaster on hardening shows a linear expansion of 0.15%-0.30%

.average processing shrinkage of heat cured resins is 0.5%

melting point of pure gold is 1060 degree c

.18 gauge ss wire has 1.024mm diametre

.base metals have casting shrinkage in range of 2-2.3%

.gypsum should not be heated above 700 degree c

.cross linking agent of polysulfide polymers is lead dioxide

.21 % volumetric shrinkage occurs in polymerization of pmm

.brinell hardness number of pure gold is 25

.fusion temperature of impression compoud is 45 degree c