STS Module8

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
ANSWER SHEET FOR MODULE #8

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and Gene Therapy
Name: Schedule:
Course, Year, & Section: Faculty:
WEEK 14
- ACTIVITY NO.1
WATCH and LEARN! Watch the following videos by accessing the
provided links. Answer the succeeding questions.
Guide Questions:
1. What was the oldest form of genetic engineering?

ANSWER:
- For thousands of years, humans have artificially altered the genomes of
plants and animals through selective breeding
2. What are the reasons why GMOs are created?

ANSWER:
- With advancements in genetic engineering techniques, we can speed up
this process by introducing unique new genes from one species into farms,
animals and soil bacteria of entirely unrelated species, which are the three
most common uses of genetic engineering to make GMOs. The cotton plants
that produce cotton or your t-shirt may have been genetically engineered to
withstand pests.
3. Based on the video, how does genetic modification happen?

ANSWER:
-Introducing new DNA into the genome using modified bacteria, introducing
new DNA by gene targeting and homologous recombination, modifying
genome regions to cut particular sections of DNA using enzymes.
4. How is the insulin gene propagated based on the video?

ANSWER:
- First they use an enzyme to cut the human insulin for a human call, then
they use the same enzymes to open the circular plasmid bacteria and stick
the insulin gene and plasmid together, then they also return the modified
plasmid to the bacterial cell and wait but not for too long as bacterial cells
divide approximately every 30 minutes and later have millions of bacteria
producing the bacteria.
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5. How is spider silk (protein) propagated based on the video?
ANSWER:
-They are not terrified by a genetically modified organism as they sound their
goats had the spider silk gene incorporated into the DNA so that when the
female goats lactate reduced breast milk and spider silk contains the milk. It
is very unbelievable to be as powerful as steel, but its too light, its strand will
ring less than 500 grams long enough to circle the planet, so there are
thousands of uses for such a distinctive content
6. What are the other uses of GMO that were mentioned in the video?
ANSWER:
- Increased crop yields, decreased food or drug production costs, decreased
pesticide requirements, improved nutrient composition and resilient food
quality are some of the benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture
Increased food protection and medical benefits for the increasing population
of the world against pests and diseases.
Guide Questions:
1. What are the advantages of gene therapy as mentioned in the video?

ANSWER:
- When a functional copy of the gene is delivered into a patient's own cells,
the advantage of gene therapy is that normal proteins created by a functional
gene can correct the underlying cause of the disease and provide restorative
therapeutic benefits.
2. What is the importance of engineered virus in Gene Therapy?

ANSWER:
- In gene therapy, the importance of engineered viruses is to deliver genes
into cells, which are called viral vectors. For the treatment of retinal diseases,
vectors made from adeno-associated virus or AAV are particularly suitable.
3. What is achromatopsia, how does gene therapy address this genetic

disorder?
ANSWER:
- Achromatopsia is an inherited retinal disease that has been present since
birth. Achromatopia results in a significant decrease in extreme light
sensitivity in visual activity that causes day blindness and complete color
discrimination loss. Gene therapy is able to fix the underlying genetic
mutation that causes disease that is assumed to remain stable for several
years by the functional gene transmitted by an AAV vector, indicating that
gene therapy after a one-time administration of the vector has the potential
for long-lasting clinical benefits.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the use of radiation why plants were exposed to it during

1960’s?
ANSWER:
- In the 1960s, to cause random mutations in the genetic code, scientists
bombarded plants with radiation. The concept is to get a useful variety of
plants by pure chance, sometimes it really worked very
2. What is FLAVRSAVR tomato, why is it invented?

ANSWER:
- I assume that in 1994, the first food modified in the laboratory went
on sale, the flavr savr tomato, a tomato given a much longer shelf life
where an additional gene supersedes the build-up of a rotting
enzymes. But GM food and the debate around them deserve their own
video.
code. The bacterium easily makes an RNA copy from the DNA archive
and arms a hidden weapon named CAS9 when the virus strikes again
by comparing every bit of DNA that it finds to the sample from the
database, the protein now scans the bacterium inside for signs of the
virus invader.
3.What is CRISPR? What is CRISPR-cas9?

ANSWER:
- So called bacteriophages or phages hunting bacteria, CRISPR or (Cluster
Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Phages do this by placing
their own genetic code in bacteria and taking them over as factories to use
them. The bacteria try to resist but most of the time fail because their
defense tools are too weak, but sometimes bacteria only survive an attack if
they activate their most powerful antivirus system: in a DNA archive called
CRISPR, they save a portion of the virus DNA in their own genetic
4. What is the role CRISPR technology in the body of mouse with 99%
Human Immunodeficiency Virus on its cells?
ANSWER:
- In 2015, scientists used CRISPR to extract the HIV virus from living cells.
- Lab patients, showing that it was feasible. Just about a year later, by
essentially injecting CRISPR into the rat tails, they were able to eliminate
more than 50 percent of the virus from cells in the body, with rats who had
the HIV virus in virtually all of their body cells.
5. What is the potential use of CRISPR-cas9 technology in detecting

cancer cells?
ANSWER:
- One of our greatest rivals, cancer, may also be overcome by CRISPR . When
cells fail to die and keep growing while protecting themselves from the
immune system, cancer occurs. CRISPR also gives us the means to edit your
immune cells to make them better cancer hunters, getting rid of cancer could
ultimately mean getting just a few injections of a few thousand your own cells
that were programmed to cure you for good in the laboratory.
6. How does CRISPR-cas9 technology would help to alleviate the effects

of many genetic disorders?
ANSWER:
- Thousands of them exist and they range from slightly irritating to slightly
annoying.
- We may be able to end this over 3000 genetic diseases are caused by a
single incorrect letter in your DNA that we are already building a modified
version of CAS9 that is made to change just a single letter, fixing the disease
in the cell. Deadly or involving decades of suffering with a powerful CRISPR
tool. We may be able to cure thousands of diseases forever in the decade or
two, but all these medical applications have one thing in common: they are
restricted to the person and die with them even if they are used on
reproductive cells or very early embryos.
7. Why are CRISPR-cas9 babies described as perfect babies?

ANSWER:
- The first designer infants, most likely to be produced to eradicate the deadly
genetic diseases that run in a family, will not be overly planned. When
technology advances and becomes more refined, more and more individuals
will claim that it is immoral not to use genetic modification.
8. How does CRISPR-cas9 seem to help human aging?

ANSWER:
= Genome-editing therapy CRISPR/Cas9, which can help suppress the
accelerated aging observed in mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria
syndrome, a rare human-affected genetic condition.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. How would you reconcile the advantages and disadvantages that

GMOs bring to humans?
ANSWER:
- My opinion of GMO is that GMO has and will boost food production, but if our
health, agricultural practices, soil depletion, endangering other crops,
economic restriction, environmental contamination, etc. have significant side
effects, then some serious independent research need to be done as well. If
GMO seed companies do not allow scientists and scientists to research and
authenticate their seeds for use. If the GMO has good or poor features, so our
laws need to be amended to protect the public so that this does not happen.
2. When do you think should the pursuit of GMOs research stop?

ANSWER:
- For me, I accept that the scientist should continue what they do, such as
experimenting in ways to create healthier foods, but I do not agree with the
way they do research to be performed rapidly, which is incorrect because too
much food is irradiated and sprayed with round up that causes cancer and
terrible disease that individuals will follow it and of course global warming.
But genetic food will one day, no doubt, sustain us nutritionally. It is the
chemical sector which must cease to exist.
3. Is genetic engineering a pure scientific process or it is indeed an act of

humans playing like God?
ANSWER:
- In both medical and science terms, genetic engineering provides a lot of
advantages.The method and other areas of study. In order to provide
successful harvesting, even farming utilizes genetic engineering. There are
several experiments, such as targeting the gene responsible for ageing,
which does not make people age or become immortal. Often we assume that
these examples are the act of God, but there are still a lot of parts missing to
make it 100 percent. The act of God is flawless and no errors are taken into
account. For me, genetic engineering is just a purely science method.
- ACTIVITY NO.2
WATCH and LEARN! Watch the film Splice (2009) and answer the
following questions critically
Guide Question:
1. What is the ultimate goal of why “Dren” was designed and created?
ANSWER:
- The ultimate main goal of the design and development of "Dren" is to
synthesize a miracle protein that would be the building block for untold
genetic miracles.
2. What are the organisms that serve as the source of genes that are
incorporated into the ovum where “Dren” hybridized?
ANSWER:
- The root is the DNA of a human being and also of a human being. Dog
Spliced . Dren, who is the one who uses a donated egg to build one and
Previous chimera DNA from "Fred and Ginger" creatures
-
3. What are the physical changes (developmental stages) in “Dren” and

how it affects her/his behaviors (learning, social relationships, etc)?
ANSWER:
- She explores so many based on the film as Dren was getting older,She also
has sexual growth and switches to Consexual Flirtation stuff in life, and her
behaviour is becoming worse and she has also become better and her gender
orientation or gender identity has changed from female to male.
4. What is post-sequential hermaphroditism? What organism(s) do(es)

this process commonly occur?
ANSWER:
- Post-sequential hermaphroditism occurs when a person changes their
gender
- Or identity of gender . It usually occurs in animals such as fish, plants, and
Gastropods.
5. Do you think “Dren” belongs to the human species? Explain your

answer.
ANSWER:
- No, because Dren created only or not a real human for the experimental
thing, even though the scientist gives real human DNA to dren, but still she
does not consider a human species, because human species should not be in
such artificial things from themselves.
6. Based on your inference, describe the offspring of “Dren” to Elsa.

Justify your answer.
ANSWER:
- The child of Dren and Elsa does not see it there in a movie based on the
movie only it reveals there that Elsa is already pregnant so that I think Dren's
offspring to Elsa is not a hundred percent natural human species for me
because we all know that Dren is also not a true human species. They may
have children, but they're not the same as the real human race we expected.
STUDENT’S
REFLECTION
1. In your own opinion, how can genetically modified products help
to promote the UN Sustainable Development Goals?
ANSWER:
- It helps to enhance sustainable development by supplying both our
needs and the needs of the world. Since GMO's can help to develop the
crop supply in the field, which helps to enhance sustainable crops
2. How can gene therapy provide solutions to those people who have
genetic disorder and/or diseases?
ANSWER:
- Gene therapy replaces or applies a new gene to a defective gene in an
attempt to
- Curing illness or strengthening the capacity of the body to combat
illness.The gene treatment of a wide variety of diseases, such as cancer,
cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, hemophilia, and AIDS, is promising.
3. Would you subject for gene therapy without its 100% assurance of
effectiveness or future negative side effects?
ANSWER:
- For me, gene therapy is being tested to decide whether it may be used to
cure illnesses. The safety of gene therapy is being tested by current research;
future studies will test whether it is an effective treatment choice. Several
studies have already shown that this strategy, such as toxicity, inflammation,
and cancer, may have very significant health risks.
4. Should gene therapy be limited to medical concerns only or could it be

used for aesthetic purposes?
ANSWER:
- In addition to medical purposes, gene therapy can be used for aesthetics.
Gene therapy refers to the insertion of genes to treat disorders that can not
be treated otherwise. And for cosmetic reasons, gene therapy also has its
applications. Beautifying humans is part of the area. But, due to ethical
purposes and unorganized management to monitor black marketing of
sensitive data, usage may still remain limited for some time in the future.
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

ANSWER SHEET FOR MODULE #8

1. What was the oldest form of genetic engineering?

2. What are the reasons why GMOs are created?

3. Based on the video, how does genetic modification happen?

4. How is the insulin gene propagated based on the video?

1. What are the advantages of gene therapy as mentioned in the video?

2. What is the importance of engineered virus in Gene Therapy?

3. What is achromatopsia, how does gene therapy address this genetic

1. What is the use of radiation why plants were exposed to it during

2. What is FLAVRSAVR tomato, why is it invented?

3.What is CRISPR? What is CRISPR-cas9?

5. What is the potential use of CRISPR-cas9 technology in detecting

6. How does CRISPR-cas9 technology would help to alleviate the effects

7. Why are CRISPR-cas9 babies described as perfect babies?

8. How does CRISPR-cas9 seem to help human aging?

1. How would you reconcile the advantages and disadvantages that

2. When do you think should the pursuit of GMOs research stop?

3. Is genetic engineering a pure scientific process or it is indeed an act of

3. What are the physical changes (developmental stages) in “Dren” and

4. What is post-sequential hermaphroditism? What organism(s) do(es)

5. Do you think “Dren” belongs to the human species? Explain your

6. Based on your inference, describe the offspring of “Dren” to Elsa.

4. Should gene therapy be limited to medical concerns only or could it be

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