June 2016 – P1.

The first 2 terms are:

1 5 5 1
4
( ) + ( ) ( ) 3𝑥 2 + ⋯
𝑥 1 𝑥

= 𝑥 −5 + 15𝑥 −2 + ⋯

The powers of x are increasing by 3 units every new term.

Then, the term in x will be the 3rd term:
3
5 1
( ) ( ) (3𝑥 2 )2 = 10 × 9 × 𝑥1 = 90𝑥
2 𝑥

The coefficient is: 90

2–

2
𝑉 = ∫ 𝜋 × [(𝑥 3 + 1)0.5 ]2 𝑑𝑥 =
0

2
= ∫ 𝜋(𝑥 3 + 1)𝑑𝑥 =
0

2
𝑥4
= 𝜋 × [ + 𝑥] =
4 0

24
= 𝜋 × [( + 2) − (0 + 0)] = 𝟔𝝅
4
3–

i) We know that:

𝑑𝑦
(1) = 2 ⇔
𝑑𝑥
𝑘
⇔ 6 × 12 + =2⇔
13
⇔ 𝒌 = −𝟒

ii) We need to integrate the derivative:

𝑦(𝑥) = ∫[6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 −3 ]𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 ⇔

𝑥 −2
⇔ 𝑦(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 4 × +𝑐⇔
−2
⇔ 𝑦(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 −2 + 𝑐

Using the point (1, 9):

⇔ 9 = 2 × 13 + 2 × 1−2 + 𝑐 ⇔

⇔𝑐 =5

Final answer:

𝒚(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙−𝟐 + 5

 Arithmetic Geometric
𝑢1 = 3 𝑣1 = 3
𝑢3 = 3 + 2𝑑 𝑣2 = 3𝑟
𝑢13 = 3 + 12𝑑 𝑣3 = 3𝑟 2

Then:
3 + 2𝑑 = 3𝑟 18 + 12𝑑 = 18𝑟
{ ⇔{ ⇔
3 + 12𝑑 = 3𝑟 2 3 + 12𝑑 = 3𝑟 2

If we subtract the 2 equations, we get:

15 = 18𝑟 − 3𝑟 2 ⇔ 3𝑟 2 − 18𝑟 + 15 = 0

⇔ 𝑟 2 − 6𝑟 + 5 = 0 ⇔

−(−6) ± √(−6)2 − 4 × 1 × 5
⇔𝑟 = ⇔
2×1

⇔ [𝑟 = 1] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑟 = 5]

• 𝑟 = 1:
3 + 2𝑑 = 3 × 1 ⇔ 𝑑 = 0

• 𝑟 = 5:
3 + 2𝑑 = 3 × 5 ⇔ 𝑑 = 6

Therefore, the final answer is:

𝒓=𝟓
𝒅=𝟔
The first derivative is given by:
𝑑𝑦
= 8 − 1 × 2 × (2𝑥 − 1)−2 = 8 − 2(2𝑥 − 1)−2
𝑑𝑥

Then:
𝑑𝑦
= 0⇔
𝑑𝑥

2
⇔8− = 0⇔
(2𝑥 − 1)2

2
⇔8= ⇔
(2𝑥 − 1)2

2
⇔ (2𝑥 − 1)2 = ⇔
8

1 1
⇔ [2𝑥 − 1 = √ ] 𝑜𝑟 [2𝑥 − 1 = −√ ] ⇔
4 4

3 1
⇔ [𝑥 = ] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 = ]
4 4

Now we study the 2nd derivative of the function:

𝑑2𝑦
= (−2) × (−2) × 2 × (2𝑥 − 1)−3 = 8(2𝑥 − 1)−3
𝑑𝑥 2

Then:
3
• 𝑥=
4
𝑦 ′′ = 8(2 × 0.75 − 1)−3 = 64 > 0
Minimum

1
• 𝑥=
4
𝑦 ′′ = 8(2 × 0.25 − 1)−3 = −64 < 0
Maximum
6–

The triangle has a right angle:

32 + 42 = 52 ⇔ 25 = 25

𝜋
• Angle ACB is 2 radians

Area of sector CFG is given by:

1 𝜋
𝐴 = × 12 × ≈ 0.7854
2 2

• Angle CAB
3 3
sin(𝑥) = 5 ⇔ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (5) ≈ 0.6435 radians

Area of sector AFE is given by:

1
𝐴 = × 32 × 0.6435 ≈ 2.8958
2

• Angle ABC
4 4
sin(𝑥) = 5 ⇔ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (5) ≈ 0.9273 radians

Area of sector BEG is given by:

1
𝐴 = × 22 × 0.9273 ≈ 1.8546
2

• Area of triangle ABC is given by:

3×4
𝐴= =6
2

Finally, the shaded area is given by: 6 – (0.7854 + 2.8958 + 1.8546) ≈ 𝟎. 𝟒𝟔𝟒
We know that:
𝑑𝑦
• =𝑘
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑥 𝑘
• =2
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦 10 3
• = 2𝑥 − × 2 𝑥 0.5 + 5 = 2𝑥 − 5𝑥 0.5 + 5
𝑑𝑥 3

Now, we can use the “chain rule”:

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
= × ⇔
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥

2
⇔ 2𝑥 − 5√𝑥 + 5 = 𝑘 × ⇔
𝑘

⇔ 2𝑥 − 5√𝑥 + 3 = 0

We can use the change of variable: 𝑤 = √𝑥

The equation becomes:
5 ± √25 − 4 × 2 × 3
2𝑤 2 − 5𝑤 + 3 = 0 ⇔ 𝑤 = ⇔ [𝑤 = 1.5] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑤 = 1]
4

Then:
[𝑥 = 1.52 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓] 𝑜𝑟 [𝒙 = 𝟏]

i) We know that:
3𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥)
− cos(𝑥) + 1 = 0 ⇔
cos(𝑥)

⇔ 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) + cos(𝑥) = 0 ⇔

⇔ 3 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) + cos(𝑥) = 0 ⇔

⇔ −4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) + cos(𝑥) + 3 = 0
 Then:
−1 ± √1 − 4 × (−4) × 3 −1 ± 7
cos(𝑥) = ⇔ cos(𝑥) = ⇔
2 × (−4) −8

⇔ [cos(𝑥) = −0.75] 𝑜𝑟 [cos(𝑥) = 1] ⇔

⇔ [𝑥 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠)−1 (−0.75)] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (−0.75)] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 = 0] ⇔

⇔ [𝑥 ≈ 2.42] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 ≈ −2.42] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 = 0]

Outside the domain given!!

+2𝜋

X = 3.86

The final solutions within the domain are: 2.42 radians and 0 radians

ii) We already know that:

[cos(2𝑥) = −0.75] 𝑜𝑟 [cos(2𝑥) = 1] ⇔

⇔ [2𝑥 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠)−1 (−0.75)] 𝑜𝑟 [2𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (−0.75)] 𝑜𝑟 [2𝑥 = 0] ⇔

⇔ [𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 = −1.21] 𝑜𝑟 [𝒙 = 𝟎]

+𝜋

X = 1.93 X = 3.14
i) We know that:

𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏) = 2(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏) + 3 = 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏 + 3

Then:
2𝑎 = 6 𝒂=𝟑
{ ⇔{
2𝑏 + 3 = −21 𝒃 = −𝟏𝟐

ii) We can illustrate the composition 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) in the diagram below:

𝑥≤𝑞 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥≥0 𝑓(𝑥)

The domain of f(x) is given by: 𝑥 ≥ 0

Then, we know that the range of g(x) needs to be “inside” the domain of f(x).

Therefore:
𝑔(𝑥) ≥ 0 ⇔
⇔ 3𝑥 2 − 12 ≥ 0
⇔ 3(𝑥 2 − 4) ≥ 0 ⇔
⇔ 𝑥2 − 4 ≥ 0 ⇔
⇔ [𝑥 ≤ −2] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 ≥ 2]

So, on one hand we have: 𝑥 ≤ 𝑞.

On the other hand, we have: [𝑥 ≤ −2] 𝑜𝑟 [𝑥 ≥ 2]

___________-2___________2___________

____________q_______________________

For the two sets to be “compatible”, then the biggest value for q is -2
iii) We know that: 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 21 = 6(𝑥 − 0)2 − 21
Graphically, this corresponds to a parabola with vertex (0, -21)

Since the domain is: 𝑥 ≤ −3, then we calculate

𝑓𝑔(−3) = 6 × (−3)2 − 21 = 33

The range is: 𝒚 ≥ 𝟑𝟑

iv) We know that:

𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 21

Then:
𝑦 = 6𝑥 2 − 21 ⇔

⇔ 𝑦 + 21 = 6𝑥 2 ⇔

𝑦 + 21
⇔ = 𝑥2 ⇔
6

𝑦 + 21
⇔ 𝑥 = ±√
6

As the domain of 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) involves numbers smaller or equal than -3, we choose the negative
root. Therefore:
𝒙+𝟐𝟏
(𝒇𝒈)−𝟏 (𝒙) = −√
𝟔

The domain of (𝑓𝑔)−1 (𝑥) coincides with the range of 𝑓𝑔(𝑥).

Therefore, we obtain: 𝒙 ≥ 𝟑𝟑