Power Electronics

LECTURE 3: UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

DR. AHMED HANAE KASSEM

1
 Outlines

1.Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance.

2.Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load.
3.Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load with
free-wheeling diode.
4.Full-wave rectifier with center-tapped transformer
5.Single-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance.
6.Three-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance.
7.Three-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance.
2
 Rectifiers vs converters

Rectifier Converter
Circuit that converts an AC voltage into a unidirectional refers to each power conversion stage of power
voltage. processor.
Depending on the type of input supply: Rectifiers are Based on the form (frequency) on the two sides,
classified into two types, single-phase and three-phase converters can be subdivided into: ac to dc , dc to ac ,
dc to dc , and ac to ac converters
According to the output requirements: So we will use converter as a generic term to refer to a
1 or 3 ph. rectifiers are classified into uncontrolled single power conversion stage that may prior in any of
rectifier (using diodes, and provides a fixed output the functions listed above
voltage only), controlled rectifiers (using phase-
controlled rectifiers “Thyristors” instead of diodes to
obtain controlled output voltage).

3
 Rectifiers topologies

Half-wave rectifiers

They can turn on when voltage across them is positive (forward biased). When
on, the voltage becomes zero. They turn off when voltage across them becomes
negative or current becomes zero and tends to reverse (reverse biased).
Has less semiconductor switches but requires higher component stresses.

4
 Rectifiers topologies

Full-wave rectifiers

Has more switches but is capable of handling high power with minimum
component stresses.

5
Performance parameters

The output voltage of a rectifier circuit is composed of 2 components:

• One DC component, Vdc and ∞ ∞

𝑽 𝒕 = 𝒂𝟎 + ෍ 𝒂𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + ෍ 𝒃𝒏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕
• One AC component Vac (Fourier Series) 𝒏=𝟏 𝒏=𝟏
DC Component AC Components
(𝑽𝒐 ) 𝒂𝒗. : 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
(𝑰𝒐 ) 𝒂𝒗. : 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕
(𝑽𝒐 ) 𝒓𝒎𝒔. : 𝑹𝒎𝒔 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆
(𝑰𝒐 ) 𝒓𝒎𝒔. : 𝑹𝒎𝒔 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕

6
 Performance parameters

There are different types of rectifier circuits and their performances are evaluated
in terms of following parameters: (FF) is defined as the ratio of the root-mean
𝑷𝒅𝒄 = 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄 : 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒅𝒄 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 square value of a voltage or current to its
𝑷𝒂𝒄 = 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 : 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒂𝒄 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 average value,
𝑷𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄 RF, which is a measure of the ripple content,
𝜼= = : 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐
𝑷𝒂𝒄 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 is defined as
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔
𝑭𝑭 = : 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 Transformer Utilization Factor (TUF), which
𝑽𝒅𝒄 is a measure of the merit of a rectifier circuit,
𝟐 is defined as the ratio of the dc output power
𝑹𝑭 = 𝑭𝑭 − 𝟏: 𝑹𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 (𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕) to the transformer volt-ampere (VA) rating
𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄 required by the secondary winding,
𝑻𝑼𝑭 = TUF = Pdc / Vs Is = Vdc Idc / Vs Is , Vs , Is are
𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑰𝒊 𝒓𝒎𝒔
rms values of transformer secondary voltage
𝑫𝑭 = cos 𝝓 : 𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 and current
DF is also known as displacement power factor (DPF)
𝜙: angle between the fundamental components of voltage and current. It is called displacement angle 7
 Performance parameters

There are different types of rectifier circuits and their performances are evaluated
in terms of following parameters:
Harmonic factor or Total harmonic distortion factor of the input current which is a
measure of the distortion of a waveform.
𝑰𝟐𝒔 − 𝑰𝟐𝑺𝟏 𝑰𝟐𝑺
𝑻𝑯𝑫 = 𝟐 = 𝟐 −𝟏
𝑰𝑺𝟏 𝑰𝑺𝟏
IS1 is the rms value of the fundamental component of the input current. IS is the rms
is Input voltage Input current
value of the input current.
𝑷 𝑽𝒔 𝑰𝒔𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ 𝑰𝒔𝟏 Is
IP
𝑷𝑭 = = = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝓
𝑺 𝑽𝒔 𝑰𝒔 𝑰𝒔
PF is the input power factor -I
𝑰𝒔𝟏 → 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍
P
Is1
𝑽𝒔 → 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑰𝒔 → 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 8
 Performance parameters

There are different types of rectifier circuits and their performances are evaluated
in terms of following parameters:
is Input current
𝑰𝑺(𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌) Input voltage

𝑪𝑭 = 𝑪𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 Is

𝑰𝑺(𝒓𝒎𝒔) IP

- IP
Is1

An ideal rectifier should have 𝜂 = 100%, 𝑉𝑎𝑐 = 0, 𝑅𝐹 = 0, 𝑇𝑈𝐹 = 1, 𝐻𝐹 = 𝑇𝐻𝐹 =

0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝑃𝐹 = 1

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Determine
a. Efficiency
b. FF: form factor
c. RF: ripple factor
d. TUF: transformer utilization factor
e. PIV: peak inverse voltage on diode.
f. CF: crest factor.
g. PF: power factor

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Determine
a. Efficiency
Solution
The average output voltage Vdc is defined as
𝝅
𝟏 𝑽𝒎
𝑽𝒅𝒄 = න 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ⟹ 𝑽𝒅𝒄 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑽𝒎
𝟐𝝅 𝝅
𝟎
𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒎
𝑰𝒅𝒄 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖
𝑹 𝑹

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Determine
a. Efficiency
Solution
The rms output voltage Vrms is defined as

𝝅
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑽𝒎
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = න 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ⟹ 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 =
𝟐𝝅 𝟐
𝟎
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑽𝒎
𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = =
𝑹 𝟐𝑹
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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Determine
a. Efficiency
Solution

Single Voav Ioav Vorms Iorms

phase
halfwave 𝑽𝒎 𝑽𝒎 𝑽𝒎 𝑽𝒎
rectifier 𝝅 𝝅𝑹 𝟐 𝟐𝑹
𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑽𝒎 𝑽𝒎 𝟎. 𝟓𝑽𝒎 𝟎. 𝟓𝑽𝒎
𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖
𝑹 𝑹

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Solution
𝑽𝒎
𝑷𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑽𝒎 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝑹 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟐
𝜼= = = = = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓 % ↓↓
𝑷𝒂𝒄 𝑽𝒂𝒄 𝑰𝒂𝒄 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟐
𝟎. 𝟓𝑽𝒎 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎
𝑹
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝟎. 𝟓𝑽𝒎
𝑭𝑭 = = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟓𝟕%
𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑽𝒎
𝑹𝑭 = 𝑭𝑭𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟐𝟏% ↑↑

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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Solution

𝑽𝒎
𝑷𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝑽𝒎 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖 𝟐
𝑻𝑼𝑭 = = = 𝑹 =
𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑰𝒊 𝑽𝒊 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑰𝒊 𝑽𝒎 𝑽 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 × 𝟎. 𝟓
𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒓𝒎𝒔 × 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎
𝟐 𝑹
= 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔
Note:
1/TUF=1/0.286=3.496 signifies that the transformer must be 3.5 times larger than
when it is used to deliver power from a pure ac voltage. In addition it has to carry a
dc current, which results in a dc saturation problem of the transformer core.
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 1. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with pure resistance

Resistive load
Example 1:
Solution
Peak inverse (or reverse) blocking voltage: 𝑷𝑰𝑽 = 𝑽𝒎
𝑽𝒎
𝑰𝒔(𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒌) 𝑹
Crest factor 𝑪𝑭 = = 𝑽 =𝟐
𝑰𝒔(𝒓𝒎𝒔) 𝟎.𝟓 𝒎
𝑹
Input power factor for a resistive load can be found as
𝑽
𝑷𝒂𝒄 𝟎.𝟓𝑽𝒎 ×𝟎.𝟓 𝑹𝒎 𝟎.𝟓𝟐
𝑷𝑭 = = 𝑽 = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝑽𝑨 𝟎.𝟕𝟎𝟕𝑽𝒎 ×𝟎.𝟓 𝒎 𝟎.𝟕𝟎𝟕×𝟎.𝟓
𝑹
It is clear that this rectifier has a high RF = 121% , low efficiency, 40.5 % , and
a poor TUF , 0.268 . In addition, the Transformer has to carry a dc current,
and this result in a dc saturation problem of the transformer core.
17
 2. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load

R-L load

VR

VL
D conduct

Due to the inductive load, the conduction period of

diode will extend beyond 180o until the current
becomes zero, at say 𝝎𝒕 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 + 𝝈
For some value of 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝅 + 𝝈 the current would be zero
If 𝝎𝒕 > 𝝅 + 𝝈 the current evaluate to a negative value. Since the diode blocks current in the
reverse direction, the diode stops conducting when 𝝎𝒕 reaches 𝝅 + 𝝈
18
 2. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load

R-L load
The average output voltage

𝝅+𝝈
𝟏 𝑽𝒎 𝝅+𝝈
𝑽𝒅𝒄 = න 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = − cos 𝜔𝑡 0
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 D conduct
𝟎
𝑽𝒎
= 𝟏 − cos 𝝅 + 𝝈
𝟐𝝅
The average load current Idc is :
𝑽𝒅𝒄
𝑰𝒅𝒄 =
𝑹

19
 2. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load

R-L load

D conduct

20
 The negative impacts of single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L
load without freewheeling diode

1. Lower average output voltage

2. Higher ripple in output voltage
3. Higher power loss on the main diode and may leads to damage the diode
4. Shorten the life-time of the main diode.

21
 3. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load with
freewheeling diode

R-L load with freewheeling diode

i0
+ +

D conduct

_ _

The effect of this diode is to prevent a negative voltage appearing across the load

D1 conduct Dm open

22
 3. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load with
freewheeling diode

R-L load with freewheeling diode

i0
+ +

_ _

• Freewheeling diode prevent a negative voltage appearing from the load: and as a result,
the magnetic stored energy is increased
• At the π current from D1 is transferred to Dm and this process called commutation of
diodes.
Depending on the time constant, the load current may be discontinuous. Load current io is
discontinuous with resistive load and continuous with very high inductive load. The
𝝎𝑳
continuity of the load current depends on its time constant 𝝉 =
𝑹 23
 3. Single-phase half wave uncontrolled rectifier with R-L load with
freewheeling diode

R-L load with freewheeling diode

i0
+ +

_ _

• Freewheeling diode prevent a negative voltage appearing from the load: and as a result,
the magnetic stored energy is increased
• At the π current from D1 is transferred to Dm and this process called commutation of
diodes.
Depending on the time constant, the load current may be discontinuous. Load current io is
discontinuous with resistive load and continuous with very high inductive load. The
𝝎𝑳
continuity of the load current depends on its time constant 𝝉 =
𝑹 24
 4. Single-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier
with center-tapped transformer

• It is clear that each diode, together with the associated half of

the transformer, acts as a half-wave rectifier.
• The outputs of the two half-wave rectifiers are combined to
produce full-wave rectification in the load.
• Hence the Peak Repetitive Reverse Voltage (VRRM) rating of
the diodes must be chosen to be higher than 2Vm to avoid
reverse breakdown. 25
 4. Single-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier
with center-tapped transformer

𝑷𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄 𝑰𝒅𝒄

𝑻𝑼𝑭 = =
𝑽𝒔 𝑰𝒔 𝑽𝒔 𝑰𝒔
𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝑽𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑰𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔
𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒚
In the case of a full-wave rectifier with a center-tapped
transformer, the circuit can be treated as two half-wave rectifiers
operating together. Therefore, the transformer secondary VA
rating 𝑽𝒔 𝑰𝒔 is double that of a half-wave rectifier, therefore, the
TUF of a full-wave rectifier with center-tapped transformer can
be found as follows
𝟒 × 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟐
𝑻𝑼𝑭 = = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟐
𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕 × 𝟎. 𝟓
𝑻𝑼𝑭 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓 − 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒅 = 𝟐 × 𝑻𝑼𝑭 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 − 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆
= 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟐

26
 5. Single-phase full wave uncontrolled
rectifier

𝝅
𝟏 𝑽𝒎 𝝅
𝑽𝒅𝒄 = න 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = − cos 𝜔𝑡 0 =
𝝅 𝝅
𝟎
𝑽𝒎 𝟐𝑽𝒎
cos 0 − cos 𝜋 = = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏𝟑 × 𝑽𝒎
𝝅 𝝅

𝝅
𝟏 𝑽𝒎
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = න 𝑽𝟐𝒎 sin𝟐 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ⟹ 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟎𝟕𝑽𝒎
𝝅 𝟐 27
𝟎
5. Single-phase full wave uncontrolled rectifier
Important design parameters of basic single-
phase rectifier circuits with resistive load

Half-wave rectifier Full-wave rectifier Full-wave bridge

with center-tapped rectifier
transformer
Rectification ratio 0.405 0.81 0.81
Form factor 1.57 1.11 1.11
Ripple factor 1.21 0.482 0.482
Transformer rating 3.49 𝑷𝒅𝒄 1.75 𝑷𝒅𝒄 1.23 𝑷𝒅𝒄
secondary VA

Vo_average Vo_rms Io_average Io_rms

Single-phase Half
wave
Single-phase
full waveOr
Center tapped 28
 Comparison between Center-Tapped and Bridge Rectifiers

Center-tapped Bridge rectifier

Advantages ▪ Simple, only two diodes • Suitable for industrial
• Ripple frequency is twice the supply frequency applications up to 100 kW
• Provides an electrical isolation
• Ripple frequency is twice the
supply frequency
• Simple to use in commercially
available units

disadvantages • The load cannot be grounded

• Limited low power supply, less than 100 W without an input-side
• Increased cost due to the center- Tapped transformer
transformer
• Although an input-side
• Dc current flowing through each side of the
transformer is not needed for
secondary will increase the transformer cost
the operation of the rectifier,
and size
one is normally connected to
isolate the load electrically
from the supply
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 6.Three-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier

𝟓𝝅/𝟔
𝟑
𝑽𝒅𝒄 = න 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 =
𝟐𝝅
𝝅/𝟔
𝟑𝑽𝒎 𝟓𝝅/𝟔
− cos 𝜔𝑡 𝝅/𝟔 =
𝟐𝝅
𝟑𝑽𝒎 𝟑 𝟑𝑽𝒎
cos 30 − cos 150 = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟕 × 𝑽𝒎
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅

30
 6.Three-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier

𝟓𝝅/𝟔
𝟑
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = න 𝑽𝟐𝒎 sin𝟐 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ⟹ 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 =
𝟐𝝅
𝝅/𝟔

𝟑 𝝅 𝟑
𝑽𝒎 + = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝑽𝒎
𝟐𝝅 𝟑 𝟒

31
 6.Three-phase half-wave uncontrolled rectifier

The rms current in each transformer secondary winding.

𝟓𝝅/𝟔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝝅 𝟑 𝑽𝒎
𝑰𝒔 = න 𝑰𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 ⟹ 𝑰𝒔 = 𝑰𝒎 + = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝑰𝒎 , 𝑰𝒎 =
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟑 𝟒 𝑹
𝝅/𝟔

Note that
The currents in the primary do not sum to zero.
Therefore, it is preferable not to have star-connected
primary windings. 32
 6.Three-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier with resistive load

Because the line–line voltage leads the phase voltage by 30°, the instantaneous line–line voltages can be
described by
𝒗𝒂𝒃 = 𝟑𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 30° 𝒗𝒃𝒄 = 𝟑𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 − 90° 𝒗𝒄𝒂 = 𝟑𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 − 210°
• The conduction sequence for diodes is D1 - D2, D3 - D2, D3 - D4, D5 - D4, D5 - D6, and D1 - D6.
• The pair of diodes which are connected between that pair of supply lines having the highest amount
of instantaneous line-to-line voltage will conduct.
• The line-to-line voltage is √3 times the phase voltage of a three-phase Y-connected source.
33
 6.Three-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier with resistive load

𝟐𝝅/𝟑
𝟔 𝟔 𝟑𝑽𝒎 𝟐𝝅/𝟑 𝟔 𝟑𝑽𝒎 𝟑 𝟑𝑽𝒎
𝑽𝒅𝒄 = න 𝟑 𝑽𝒎 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = − cos 𝜔𝑡 𝝅/𝟑 = cos 60 − cos 120 = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝟒𝑽𝒎
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅 𝝅
𝝅/𝟑
34
6.Three-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier with resistive load

𝟔 𝟐𝝅/𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟗 𝟑
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 = න ( 𝟑) 𝑽𝒎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜔𝑡𝒅𝜔𝑡 = + 𝑽𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓𝟓𝟒 × 𝑽𝒎
𝟐𝝅 𝝅/𝟑 𝟐 𝟒𝝅
35
6.Three-phase full-wave uncontrolled rectifier with resistive load

The rms value of the transformer secondary current:

𝟖 𝝅/𝟔 𝟐
𝑰𝒔 = න 𝑰𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜔𝑡𝒅𝜔𝑡 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟒𝑰𝒎 , Where; Im is the peak secondary line current
𝟐𝝅 𝟎
36
 Comparison between Single Phase and Three-Phase Bridge Rectifiers

Three-phase bridge rectifiers
Advantages disadvantages
• Produces more output voltage and • The load cannot be grounded
higher power output ranging up to without an input-side transformer
megawatts • More expensive; it should be used
• Ripple frequency is six times the in applications where needed
supply frequency and the output
contains less ripple content
• Higher input power factor

Single-phase bridge rectifiers
• Suitable for industrial applications up
to 100 kW
• Ripple frequency is twice the supply
frequency
• Simple to use in commercially
available units
• The load cannot be grounded
without an input-side transformer
• Although an input-side
transformer is not needed for the
operation of the rectifier, one is
normally connected to isolate the
load electrically from the supply

37
 Comparison between Three-Phase half wave and Three-Phase Bridge Rectifiers

Three-phase half wave rectifier Three-phase full wave rectifier

Rectification ratio 0.968 0.998
Form factor 1.0165 1.0009
Ripple factor 0.182 0.042
Transformer rating secondary VA 1.51 𝑃𝑑𝑐 1.05 𝑃𝑑𝑐

38
 Thank you

Dr. Ahmed Hanae Kassem

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