Compound Summary

 COMPOUND SUMMARY
Acetyl chloride
PubChem CID 6367
Structure
Find Similar Structures

Chemical Safety
Laboratory Chemical Safety

Summary (LCSS) Datasheet
Molecular Formula C H ClO or CH COCl or C ClH O

2 3 3 2 3
ACETYL CHLORIDE
75-36-5
Ethanoyl chloride
Synonyms
Acetic chloride
Acetylchloride
More...
Molecular Weight 78.50
Modify
2023-01-28
Dates
Create
2005-03-26
Acetyl chloride appears as a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 9.2 lb / gal.
Flash point 40 °F. Vapor, which is heavier than air, irritates the eyes and mucous membranes.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
CAMEO Chemicals
Acetyl chloride is an acyl chloride. It is functionally related to an acetic acid.

ChEBI
1Structures
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1.12D Structure
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1.23D Conformer
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PubChem
2Names and Identifiers
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2.1Computed Descriptors
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2.1.1IUPAC Name
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acetyl chloride
Computed by Lexichem TK 2.7.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
PubChem
2.1.2InChI
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InChI=1S/C2H3ClO/c1-2(3)4/h1H3
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
PubChem
2.1.3InChIKey
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WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Computed by InChI 1.0.6 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
PubChem
2.1.4Canonical SMILES
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CC(=O)Cl
Computed by OEChem 2.3.0 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
PubChem
2.2Molecular Formula
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C2H3ClO
CAMEO Chemicals; PubChem
CH3COCl
C2ClH3O
ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
CH3COCl
Wikipedia
2.3Other Identifiers
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2.3.1CAS
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75-36-5
CAMEO Chemicals; CAS Common Chemistry; ChemIDplus; DrugBank; EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs); EPA Chemicals under the TSCA; EPA
DSSTox; European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS); Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB); ILO
International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC); The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
2.3.2European Community (EC) Number

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200-865-6
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
2.3.3ICSC Number
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0210
2.3.4RTECS Number
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AO6390000
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
2.3.5UN Number
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1717
CAMEO Chemicals; DOT Emergency Response Guidebook; ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC); NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
2.3.6UNII
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QD15RNO45K
FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
2.3.7DSSTox Substance ID
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DTXSID2023852
EPA DSSTox
2.3.8Wikipedia
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Acetyl chloride
Wikipedia
2.3.9Wikidata
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Q408038
Wikidata
2.3.10Metabolomics Workbench ID
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55629
Metabolomics Workbench
2.4Synonyms
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2.4.1MeSH Entry Terms
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acetyl chloride
acetylchloride
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
2.4.2Depositor-Supplied Synonyms
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ACETYL CHLORIDE
75-36-5
Ethanoyl chloride
Acetic chloride
Acetylchloride
Acetic acid chloride
CH3COCl
RCRA waste number U006
CH3-CO-Cl
QD15RNO45K
MFCD00000719
Acetic acid, chloride
Acetyl chloride, reagent grade, 98%
CCRIS 4568
HSDB 662
EINECS 200-865-6
UN1717
RCRA waste no. U006
UNII-QD15RNO45K
acetylchlorid
acetylchlorine
BRN 0605303
acetyl chlorid
acetyl chlorine
acetyl choride
acetyl cloride
actyl chloride
Acteyl chloride
Acethyl chloride
AcCl
Ac-Cl
methyl carbonyl chloride
Acetic acid monochloride
ACETIC ACID,CHLORIDE
EC 200-865-6
ACETYL CHLORIDE [MI]
4-02-00-00395 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
ACETYL CHLORIDE [HSDB]
Ethanoyl chloride;Acetylchloride
DTXSID2023852
CHEBI:37580
UN1717 (DOT)
BCP31842
STR00115
ZINC6661287
STL264238
AKOS000121189
DB14623
SC10134
UN 1717
Acetyl chloride, for synthesis, 98.0%
BP-13326
Acetyl chloride, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
A0082
FT-0639173
EN300-18986
A-1060
Acetyl chloride, 1M solution in dichloromethane
Acetyl chloride [UN1717] [Flammable liquid]
Acetyl chloride, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (T)
Q408038
Acetyl chloride solution, 1 M in methylene chloride
F2190-0010
ACETIC ACID CHLORIDE;ACETIC CHLORIDE;ACETYL CHLORIDE;ETHANOIC ACID CHLORIDE;ETHANOYL CHLORIDE
PubChem
3Chemical and Physical Properties

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3.1Computed Properties
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Property
Property Name Reference
Value
Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release

Molecular Weight 78.50
2021.05.07)
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release

XLogP3-AA 0.8
2021.05.07)
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
2021.05.07)

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
2021.05.07)

Rotatable Bond Count 0
2021.05.07)

Exact Mass 77.9872424
2021.05.07)

Monoisotopic Mass 77.9872424
2021.05.07)

Topological Polar Surface Area 17.1 Å²
2021.05.07)
Heavy Atom Count 4 Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge 0 Computed by PubChem

Complexity 33
2021.05.07)
Isotope Atom Count 0 Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter

0 Computed by PubChem
Count
Undefined Atom Stereocenter 0 Computed by PubChem

Property
Property Name Reference
Value
Count
Defined Bond Stereocenter

Count
Undefined Bond Stereocenter

Count
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Computed by PubChem (release 2021.05.07)

PubChem
3.2Experimental Properties
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3.2.1Physical Description
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Acetyl chloride appears as a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Density 9.2 lb / gal. Flash point 40 °F. Vapor, which is
heavier than air, irritates the eyes and mucous membranes. Corrosive to metals and tissue.
CAMEO Chemicals
Liquid
EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
Colorless fuming liquid; [HSDB] Pungent odor; [Merck Index]

Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

3.2.2Color/Form
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Liquid
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 16
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Colorless fuming liquid

Larranaga, M.D., Lewis, R.J. Sr., Lewis, R.A.; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ 2016., p. 13
3.2.3Odor
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Pungent odor
Sharp odor
NOAA; CAMEO Chemicals. Database of Hazardous Materials. Acetyl chloride (75-36-5). Natl Ocean Atmos Admin, Off Resp Rest; NOAA Ocean Serv. Availa
ble from, as of Sept 25, 2018: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
3.2.4Boiling Point
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123.6 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical
Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
CAMEO Chemicals
51 °C
Haynes, W.M. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 95th Edition. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton: FL 2014-2015, p. 3-6
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB); ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
3.2.5Melting Point
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-170 °F (NTP, 1992)
CAMEO Chemicals
-112.7 °C
-112 °C
3.2.6Flash Point
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40 °F (NTP, 1992)
CAMEO Chemicals
4 °C
5 °C (41 °F) - closed cup

Sigma-Aldrich; Safety Data Sheet for Acetyl chloride, Product Number: 00990, Version 3.15 (Revision Date 09/28/2017). Available from, as of September 24
, 2018: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center.html
4 °C (40 °F) - closed cup

National Fire Protection Association; Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 14TH Edition, Quincy, MA 2010, p. 325-10
5 °C c.c.
3.2.7Solubility
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Reaction (NTP, 1992)
CAMEO Chemicals
Decomposed violently by water or alcohol

Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid, petroleum ether

Miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in ether, acetone, acetic acid

Solubility in water: reaction

3.2.8Density
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1.1039 at 69.8 °F (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
CAMEO Chemicals
1.1051g/cu cm at 20 °C
Saturated liquid density: 68.849 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Saturated vapor density: 0.06130 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.11

3.2.9Vapor Density
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2.7 2.1 at 100 °F (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
CAMEO Chemicals
2.70 (Air = 1)
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 12th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2012., p. V2: 50
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.7

3.2.10Vapor Pressure
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135 mmHg at 45.5 °F (NTP, 1992)
CAMEO Chemicals
287.0 [mmHg]
287 mm Hg at 25 °C
Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.
Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 32

3.2.11LogP
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-0.47
3.2.12Stability/Shelf Life
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Stable under recommended storage conditions.
3.2.13Autoignition Temperature
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734 °F (USCG, 1999)
CAMEO Chemicals
734 °F (390 °C)

390 °C
3.2.14Decomposition
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Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.
May decompose during preparation. ... When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene and /chloride/.
Lewis, R.J. Sr. (ed) Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th Edition. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ. 2004., p. 42
3.2.15Corrosivity
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Corrosive
Corrosive to metals and tissue

3.2.16Heat of Combustion
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-6,000 btu/lb = -3,000 cal/g = -140X10X5 J/kg
3.2.17Heat of Vaporization
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160 btu/Lb = 88 cal/g = 3.7X10X5 J/kg
3.2.18Surface Tension
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26.7 dynes/cm at 14.8 °C in contact with vapor
Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 67th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1986-87., p. F-33
3.2.19Refractive Index
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Index of refraction: 1.3886 at 20 °C/D
Index of refraction: 1.3898 at 20 °C/D

3.2.20Kovats Retention Index

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Standard non-polar 542, 542, 542

NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
3.2.21Other Experimental Properties

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Decomposed violently by water or alcohol
Highly refractive
Ratio of specific heats of vapor (gas): 1.1467

Liquid heat capacity: 0.350 Btu/lb-F at 70 °F

For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
3.2.22Chemical Classes
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Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Acid Halides
3.3SpringerMaterials Properties
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Schoenflies notation
Boiling point
Chemical bond
Chemical shift
Corrosion
Density
Diamagnetic susceptibility
Dielectric constant
Electric dipole moment
Heat of sublimation
Hindering potential
Hydrogen bonding potential
Internuclear distance
Lineshape
Magnetic susceptibility
Molar mass
Molecular structure
Moment of inertia
Nuclear quadrupole coupling
Nuclear quadrupole moment
Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy
Optical coefficient
Point group
Quadrupole coupling
Refractive index
Rotational excitation cross section
Sound absorption
Sound propagation
Sound velocity
Surface tension
Vapor pressure
Vibrational mode frequency
Viscosity
SpringerMaterials
4Spectral Information
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4.11D NMR Spectra
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1D NMR Spectra 1H NMR: 167 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue)

1D NMR Spectra NMRShiftDB Link

NMRShiftDB
4.1.11H NMR Spectra

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Instrument Name Varian A-60
Copyright Copyright © 2009-2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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SpectraBase
Source of Spectrum Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Source of Sample Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Catalog Number 114189
Copyright © 2021 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation

Copyright
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.1.213C NMR Spectra
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Source of Sample MCB Manufacturing Chemists, Norwood, Ohio
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights
Copyright
Reserved.
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SpectraBase
Instrument Name Bruker WH-90
Copyright © 2002-2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. All

Copyright
Rights Reserved.
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SpectraBase
4.1.317O NMR Spectra
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Copyright © 2016-2021 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of

Copyright
Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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SpectraBase
Copyright © 2016-2021 W. Robien, Inst. of Org. Chem., Univ. of

Copyright
Vienna. All Rights Reserved.
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4.2Mass Spectrometry
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4.2.1GC-MS
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Showing 2 of 5
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NIST
228275
Number
Library Main library
Total
41
Peaks
m/z Top
43
Peak
m/z 2nd
15
Highest
m/z 3rd
63
Highest
Thumbna
il

NIST
19240
Number
Library Replicate library
Total
58
Peaks
m/z Top
43
Peak
m/z 2nd
15
Highest
m/z 3rd
14
Highest
Thumbna
il
4.2.2Other MS
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MASS: 404 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990

Other MS
version)
4.3UV Spectra
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Max absorption (petroleum ether): 220 nm (log epsilon = 2.01); Sadtler Ref Number: 6030 (IR, prism) (gas)
Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 60th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1979., p. C-86
UV: 7-3 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York)
Lide, D.R., G.W.A. Milne (eds.). Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. 1994., p. V1: 200
4.4IR Spectra
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IR Spectra IR: 6165 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)

4.4.1FTIR Spectra
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Instrument Name Bruker IFS 85
Technique Cell
Source of Sample Hoechst AG, Frankfurt
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

Copyright
KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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SpectraBase
Technique layer between KBr
Source of Sample Freudenberg
Copyright Copyright © 1989, 1990-2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

KGaA. All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.2ATR-IR Spectra
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Source of Sample Sigma-Aldrich
Copyright © 2018-2021 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database

Copyright Compilation Copyright © 2018-2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All
Rights Reserved.
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4.4.3Near IR Spectra
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Instrument Name BRUKER IFS 88
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT

Technique
PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=10718,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Copyright
All Rights Reserved.
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Instrument Name BRUKER IFS 88
NIR Spectrometer= INSTRUMENT

Technique
PARAMETERS=INST=BRUKER,RSN=10718,REO=2,CNM=HEI,ZFF=2
Source of Spectrum Prof. Buback, University of Goettingen, Germany
Copyright © 1989, 1990-2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Copyright
All Rights Reserved.
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4.4.4Vapor Phase IR Spectra

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Technique Vapor Phase
Source of Sample J. T. Baker Chemical Company
Copyright © 1980, 1981-2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights
Copyright
Reserved.
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Source of Spectrum Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.

Source of Sample Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.
Copyright © 2021 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation

Copyright
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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4.5Raman Spectra
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Copyright © 2017-2021 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database

Copyright Compilation Copyright © 2017-2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All
Rights Reserved.
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5Related Records
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5.1Related Compounds with Annotation
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452 items
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SORT BY
Descending
Compound CID
Compound Molecular Molecular

Structure Name
CID Formula Weight, g/mol
1147 Trimethylsulfonium CHS

3 9
+
77.17
N-
6124 CHNO 74.08
Nitrosodimethylamine
2 6 2
Compound Molecular Molecular
Structure Name
CID Formula Weight, g/mol
6212 Chloroform CHCl 3 119.37
6365 1,1-Dichloroethane C H Cl
2 4 2 98.96
6366 Vinylidene chloride C H Cl

2 2 2 96.94
 1
 2
 3
 ...
 91
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5.2Related Compounds
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Same Connectivity 14 Records
Same Parent, Connectivity 49 Records
Same Parent, Exact 36 Records
Mixtures, Components, and

3,159 Records
Neutralized Forms
Similar Compounds 24 Records
Similar Conformers 435 Records

PubChem
5.3Substances
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5.3.1Related Substances
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All 3,602 Records
Same 237 Records
Mixture 3,365 Records

PubChem
5.3.2Substances by Category
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7 Categories
Expanded View
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 Chemical Vendors (75)

 Curation Efforts (11)
 Governmental Organizations (10)
 Journal Publishers (4)
 NIH Initiatives (1)
 Research And Development (17)
 Subscription Services (4)
 Legacy Depositors (131)
PubChem
5.4Entrez Crosslinks
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PubMed 221 Records

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6Chemical Vendors
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Showing 1 Substance per Vendor
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Sigma-Aldrich
PubChem SID: 329747174
Purchasable Chemical: 00990_SIAL
VWR, Part of Avantor
Purchasable Chemical: 200063-884
AA BLOCKS
Purchasable Chemical: AA0034CQ
A2B Chem
Purchasable Chemical: AB45510
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)
Purchasable Chemical: A0082
Shangyu Catsyn Co., Ltd.
Purchasable Chemical: SC10134
Biosynth
Purchasable Chemical: A-1060
MolCore BioPharmatech
Purchasable Chemical: DY40433
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Purchasable Chemical: GID_900000000129158
J&H Chemical Co.,ltd
Purchasable Chemical: JH154924
Smolecule
Purchasable Chemical: S583441
BioChemPartner
Purchasable Chemical: BCP31842
Chem-Space.com Database
Purchasable Chemical: CSSB00000209956
abcr GmbH
Purchasable Chemical: AB148765
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp
Purchasable Chemical: 3B4-0698
Finetech Industry Limited
Purchasable Chemical: FT-0639173
Yick-Vic Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals (HK) Ltd.
Purchasable Chemical: SPI-0271EC (URL not provided...)
Enamine
Purchasable Chemical: EN300-18986
Vitas-M Laboratory
Purchasable Chemical: STL264238
MuseChem
Purchasable Chemical: R023696
VladaChem
Purchasable Chemical: VL140023
labseeker
Purchasable Chemical: SC-18262
RR Scientific
Purchasable Chemical: R000867
001Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: DY40433
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
Purchasable Chemical: sc-207253
Win-Win Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: 19871 (URL not provided...)
AKos Consulting & Solutions
Purchasable Chemical: AKOS000121189
MolPort
Purchasable Chemical: MolPort-000-871-708
Yuhao Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: LQ0093
ZINC
Purchasable Chemical: ZINC6661287
BenchChem
Purchasable Chemical: B048178
Acadechem
Purchasable Chemical: ACDS-030796
Sinfoo Biotech
Purchasable Chemical: S015139
Fisher Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: A27250
CymitQuimica
Purchasable Chemical: CQ_75-36-5
Aceschem Inc
Purchasable Chemical: ACS013367
Parchem
Purchasable Chemical: 36593
BroadPharm
Purchasable Chemical: BP-13326
Oakwood Products
Purchasable Chemical: 094104
THE BioTek
Purchasable Chemical: bt-521698
Hairui Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: ANSA06435
Cangzhou Enke Pharma Tech Co.,Ltd.
Purchasable Chemical: ENKE75365 (URL not provided...)
Key Organics/BIONET
Purchasable Chemical: STR00115
Life Chemicals
Purchasable Chemical: F2190-0010
Angene Chemical
Purchasable Chemical: AGN-PC-0BXGL8
PubChem
7Use and Manufacturing

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7.1Uses
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Sources/Uses
Used in chemical production and assays; [HSDB]
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure

Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water [Category: Other]
Acetylating agent; in testing for cholesterol, determination of water in organic liquids.

Organic preparations (acetylating agent); dyestuffs; pharmaceuticals.

Acetyl chloride is an efficient acetylating agent for alcohols and amines to produce esters and amides. It is important in the synthesis
of dyes and pharmaceuticals. Acetyl chloride is used in the Friedel-Craft acylation of benzene to yield acetophenone.
Le Berre C et al; Acetic Acid. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 7th ed. (1999-2018). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Online Posting Date: March
26, 2014
Acetyl chloride is a powerful acetylating agent. It is used in the manufacture of aspirin, acetaminophen, acetanilide,

and acetophenone. Liquid crystal compositions for optical display and memory devices frequently require acetyl chloride.
Wagner FS; Acetyl Chloride. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1999-2018). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Online Posting Date: July 19, 2002
For more Uses (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
7.1.1Use Classification
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Hazard Classes and Categories -> Corrosives, Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree
NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
Source: NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
Record Name: acetyl chloride
URL: http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0013.pdf
Description: New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Hazardous Substance List, read more: https://www.nj.gov/health/
workplacehealthandsafety/right-to-know/hazardous-substances/
7.1.2Industry Uses
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Intermediate
https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting
Source: EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
Record Name: Acetyl chloride
URL: https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
Description: EPA Chemicals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) collection contains information on chemicals and their regulations under
TSCA, including non-confidential content from the TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory and Chemical Data Reporting.
License URL: https://www.epa.gov/privacy/privacy-act-laws-policies-and-resources
7.1.3Consumer Uses
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Intermediate
7.2Methods of Manufacturing
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Prepared from acetic acid and chlorine in the presence of phosphorus; from acetic acid and salts of chlorosulfonic acid; from sodium
acetate and sulfuryl chloride. ... Lab preparation from acetic anhydride and calcium chloride.
By mixing glacial acetic acid and phosphorus trichloride in the cold and heating a short time to drive off hydrochloric acid. The acetyl
chloride is then distilled.
The normal industrial method involves reaction of acetic anhydride with anhydrous hydrogen chloride. On the laboratory scale, it can
be produced from acetic acid and reagents such as thionyl chloride, phosphorus trichloride, or phosphorus pentachloride.
26, 2014
Acetyl chloride was formerly manufactured by the action of thionyl chloride, Cl2OS, on gray acetate of lime, but this route has been
largely supplanted by the reaction of sodium acetate or acetic acid and phosphorus trichloride.
Other acetyl chloride preparations include: the reaction of acetic acid and chlorinated ethylenes in the presence of ferric chloride; a
combination of benzyl chloride and acetic acid at 85% yield; conversion of ethylidene dichloride, in 91% yield; and decomposition
of ethyl acetate by the action of phosgene ... .
7.3Impurities
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Acetyl chloride frequently contains 1-2% by weight of acetic acid or hydrochloric acid. Phosphorus or sulfur-containing acids may
also be present in the commercial material.
7.4U.S. Production
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Aggregated Product Volume
2019: <1,000,000 lb
2018: <1,000,000 lb
2017: <1,000,000 lb
2016: <1,000,000 lb
(1972) LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

SRI
(1975) PROBABLY LESS THAN 4.54X10+5 GRAMS

SRI
The total U.S. market may amount to only 500 metric ton annually.
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V1 (1991) 157
Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or
imported into the United States. Chemical: Acetyl chloride:
Table: National Aggregate Production Volume (pounds)
2012 2013 2014 2015
100,000 - 500,000 25,000 - 100,000 <25,000 <25,000

USEPA; 2016 Chemical Data Reporting Database. Acetyl Chloride (75-36-5). Available from, as of October 24, 2018: https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-
reporting
7.5General Manufacturing Information

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Industry Processing Sectors
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
EPA TSCA Commercial Activity Status

Acetyl chloride: ACTIVE
https://www.epa.gov/tsca-inventory
Acetyl chloride is normally consumed at the site of generation since transportation and storage are difficult.
26, 2014
8Safety and Hazards

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8.1Hazards Identification
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8.1.1GHS Classification
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Showing 1 of 5
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Pictogram(s)
Signal Danger
H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable

liquids]
GHS Hazard Statements
H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin
corrosion/irritation]
Precautionary Statement Codes P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280,
P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P303+P361+P353,
P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378,
P403+P235, P405, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at
the GHS Classification page.)
EU REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008
8.1.2Hazard Classes and Categories

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Showing 2 of 5
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Flam. Liq. 2
Skin Corr. 1B
EU REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008
Flam. Liq. 2 (100%)

Acute Tox. 4 (14.61%)
Skin Corr. 1B (100%)
Eye Dam. 1 (22.47%)
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
8.1.3NFPA Hazard Classification

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NFPA 704 Diamond
3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious

NFPA Health Rating
or permanent injury.
3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient
temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres
NFPA Fire Rating with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though
unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under
almost all conditions.
2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at

NFPA Instability Rating
elevated temperatures and pressures.
W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively

NFPA Specific Notice
with water.
8.1.4Health Hazards
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Vapor irritates mucous membranes. Ingestion of liquid or contact with eyes or skin causes severe irritation. (USCG, 1999)
CAMEO Chemicals
8.1.5Fire Hazards
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Special Hazards of Combustion Products: When heated to decomposition, hydrogen chloride and phosgene, extremely poisonous
gases, are evolved. Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash
back. (USCG, 1999)
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Highly flammable. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air
mixtures are explosive.
8.1.6Hazards Summary
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Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC] Reacts violently with water; Can cause
severe burns; [Merck Index] Human inhalation of 2 ppm for 1 minute causes other changes in olfaction and lungs, thorax, or
respiration; Causes spastic paralysis, excitement, and other changes in lungs, thorax, or respiration in oral lethal-dose studies of rats;
[RTECS] See the Process, Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water.
Quick CPC - Forsberg K, Mansdorf SZ. Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 5th Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2007.
Merck Index - O'Neil MJ, Heckelman PE, Dobbelaar PH, Roman KJ (eds). The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 15th Ed.
Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013.
8.1.7Fire Potential
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Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Flammable.
8.1.8Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

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A human systemic irritant by inhalation.
8.1.9EPA Hazardous Waste Number

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U006; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification
commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.
8.2Safety and Hazard Properties

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8.2.1Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
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The compound is currently at the Holding Status AEGLs which have been reviewed by the NAC/AEGL Committee and are on hold
due to insufficient data to develop AEGL values.
EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
8.2.1AEGLs Notes
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AEGLs Status: Holding
EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
8.2.2Flammable Limits
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Lower: 5.0% by volume
8.2.3Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

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5 % (USCG, 1999)
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8.2.4Critical Temperature & Pressure

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Critical temperature: 475 °F = 246 °C = 519 deg K; Critical pressure: 845 psia = 57.5 atm = 5.83 MN/sq m
8.2.5Physical Dangers
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The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible.
8.2.6Explosive Limits and Potential

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Explosive limits , vol% in air: 7.3-19
8.3First Aid Measures

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8.3.1First Aid
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EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to
30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the
victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or
poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital
for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh
air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician
and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of
protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive
chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and volatile chemicals have a high risk of being
aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting. Thus, the risk of increasing the medical problems by inducing vomiting of a volatile
corrosive chemical is very high. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or
unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head
lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)
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8.3.2Inhalation First Aid

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Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.
8.3.3Skin First Aid

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Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove
contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.
8.3.4Eye First Aid

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Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
8.3.5Ingestion First Aid

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Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Give nothing to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.
8.4Fire Fighting
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Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: Note: Most foams will react with
the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. CAUTION: For Acetyl chloride (UN1717), use CO2 or dry chemical only. SMALL FIRE:
CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. FOR CHLOROSILANES,
DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers
away from the area around the fire. Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR
CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not
get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in
case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2020)
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Use powder, carbon dioxide. NO hydrous agents, water. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct
contact with water.
8.4.1Fire Fighting Procedures

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Suitable extinguishing media: Dry powder, dry sand. Unsuitable extinguishing media: Do NOT use water jet.
Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
To fight fire, use /carbon dioxide/ or dry chemical.
If material on fire or involved in fire: Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of
combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all
affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Association of American Railroads; Bureau of Explosives. Emergency Handling of Hazardous Materials in Surface Transportation. Association of American
Railroads, Pueblo, CO. 2005, p. 8
For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
8.4.2Firefighting Hazards
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Varpors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. ... Closed containers may rupture violently when
heated.
8.5Accidental Release Measures

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8.5.1Isolation and Evacuation
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Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY
MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for
solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1717 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or
tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2
mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2020)
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8.5.2Spillage Disposal
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Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing
apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in
sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to
local regulations.
8.5.3Cleanup Methods
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ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective
equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to
safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental
precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment
must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with non-combustible
absorbent material, (e.g. sand, earth, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite) and place in container for disposal according to local/national
regulations. Do not flush with water.
Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Eliminate all ignition sources. Stop or
control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Approach release from upwind. Control runoff and isolate discharged
material for proper disposal.
Environmental considerations - Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time
permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike
surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or
commercial sorbents. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Apply
"universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill.
Environmental considerations - Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Environmental considerations - Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or
toxic and should be diked for containment.
8.5.4Disposal Methods
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Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U006, must
conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, a
s of April 2, 2015: https://www.ecfr.gov
Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an
afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Contact a licensed professional waste
disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Acetyl chloride is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.2-4 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025
A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperture range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time 0.1 to 2 seconds.
A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for
liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C
and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
USEPA; Engineering Handbook for Hazardous Waste Incineration p.3-11 (1981) EPA 68-03-3025
8.5.5Preventive Measures
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ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective
equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to
safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas. Environmental
precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment
must be avoided.
Precautions for safe handling: Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Flash back possible over considerable distance. Use explosion-proof
equipment. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.
Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks
and at the end of workday.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin
contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory
practices. Wash and dry hands.
For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
8.6Handling and Storage

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8.6.1Nonfire Spill Response
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Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no
smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not
touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium-expansion
foam to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert
vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or
confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to
minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic
containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2020)
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8.6.2Safe Storage
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Fireproof. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well
closed.
8.6.3Storage Conditions
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Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept
upright to prevent leakage. Keep away from water. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Hydrolyzes
readily. Handle and store under inert gas.
Separate from alcohols, alkalies, amines, and strong oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry well-ventilated location. Outside or
detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.
8.7Exposure Control and Personal Protection
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Exposure Summary
TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials
themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].
8.7.1Inhalation Risk
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No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached.
8.7.2Effects of Short Term Exposure

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The substance is corrosive to the eyes and skin. The vapour is severely irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Corrosive on
ingestion. Exposure at high concentrations could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations
may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest.
The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.
8.7.3Effects of Long Term Exposure

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Repeated or chronic inhalation of the vapour may cause chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Repeated or prolonged
inhalation of high concentrations may cause effects on the lungs.
8.7.4Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Safety goggles; rubber or plastic gloves; self-contained breathing apparatus. (USCG, 1999)
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Eye/face protection: Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and
approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing. The type of protective
equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with
multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator
is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under
appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
8.7.5Fire Prevention
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NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with hot surfaces. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical
equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Do NOT use compressed air for filling,
discharging, or handling. Use non-sparking handtools.
8.7.6Exposure Prevention
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AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!
8.7.7Inhalation Prevention
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Use breathing protection. Use closed system or ventilation.
8.7.8Skin Prevention
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Protective gloves. Protective clothing.
8.7.9Eye Prevention
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Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
8.7.10Ingestion Prevention
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Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
8.8Stability and Reactivity

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8.8.1Air and Water Reactions
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Highly flammable. Fumes in air. Reacts violently with water producing heat and acidic HCl [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Acetyl chloride
reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at
least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride gas will be created in 0.11 minutes.
Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008
Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.
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8.8.2Reactive Group
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Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates
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8.8.3Reactivity Alerts
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Highly Flammable
Water-Reactive
Air-Reactive
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8.8.4Reactivity Profile
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ACETYL CHLORIDE reacts violently with water, steam, methanol or ethanol to form hydrogen chloride and acetic acid. Reacts
vigorously with bases, both organic and inorganic. Incompatible with oxidizing agents and alcohols. Produces highly toxic fumes
of phosgene gas and chlorine when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 35]. Reaction in a confined space with even a
small amount of water may cause a violent eruption of gases [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 281]. Vapor forms an explosive mixture
with air [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, 1978, p. 162]. Polymerization reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide is particularly violent [Buckley, A.,
J. Chem. Ed., 1965, 42, p. 674]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of
trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].
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8.8.5Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities

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Incompatible materials: Water, alcohols, oxidizing agents, strong bases.
Dimethyl sulfoxide decomposes violently on contact with ... acetyl choride ... .

Acetyl chloride reacts violently with ethyl alcohol or water.

Water reactive. Violent exothermic decomposition with water produces corrosive hydrochloric and acetic acids. Reacts violently with
alcohols, alkalies, amines, and strong oxidizing materials.
For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (9 total), please visit the HSDB record
page.
8.9Transport Information
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8.9.1DOT Emergency Guidelines
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If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain
initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide
/(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.
Table: Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Acetyl chloride (when spilled in water) ID: 1717
Small Spills Small Spills Small Spills Large Spills Large Spills Large Spills
(from a small (from a small (from a small (from a large (from a large (from a large
package or package or package or package or package or package or
small leak small leak small leak small leak small leak small leak
from a large from a large from a large from a large from a large from a large
package) package) package) package) package) package)
Then Then
Then Then
PROTECT PROTECT
First PROTECT First PROTECT
persons persons
ISOLATE in persons ISOLATE in persons
Downwind Downwind
all Directions Downwind all Directions Downwind
during during
during DAY: during DAY:
NIGHT: NIGHT:
0.1 km (0.1 0.3 km (0.2 100 m (300 0.9 km (0.6 2.5 km (1.6
30 m (100 ft)
mi) mi) ft) mi) mi)
U.S. Department of Transportation. 2016 Emergency Response Guidebook. Washington, D.C. 2016
Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases.

Table: Materials Which Produce Large Amounts of Toxic-by-Inhalation (TIH) Gas(es) When Spilled in Water
Name of Material TIH Gas(es) Produced
Acetyl chloride Hydrogen chloride (HCl)

/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be
easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when
heated or involved in a fire. Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.
Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
/GUIDE 155 SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Flammable/Water-Sensitive)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact
(skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Bromoacetates and chloroacetates are extremely
irritating/lachrymators. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may
generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Acetyl chloride (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
8.9.2DOT ID and Guide

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1717 155
DOT Emergency Response Guidebook
8.9.3Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO

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UN 1717; Acetyl chloride
IMO 3; Acetyl chloride

8.9.4Standard Transportation Number

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49 076 01; Acetyl chloride
8.9.5Shipment Methods and Regulations

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No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in
conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment
as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
49 CFR 171.2 (USDOT); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of October 24, 2018:
https://www.ecfr.gov
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board
pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member
airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Acetyl chloride is included on the dangerous goods list.
International Air Transport Association. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 59th Edition. Montreal, Quebec Canada. 2018., p. 214
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed
recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing
with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when
attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Acetyl bromide is included on
the dangerous goods list.
International Maritime Organization. IMDG Code. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code Volume 2 2016, p. 81
8.9.6DOT Label
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Flammable Liquid Corrosive
CAMEO Chemicals
8.9.7Packaging and Labelling

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Airtight. Unbreakable packaging. Put breakable packaging into closed unbreakable container.
8.9.8UN Classification
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UN Hazard Class: 3; UN Subsidiary Risks: 8; UN Pack Group: II
8.10Regulatory Information
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8.10.1Atmospheric Standards
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This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic
Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed,
modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for
equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetyl
chloride is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.
40 CFR 60.489 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of October 23, 2018
: https://www.ecfr.gov
8.10.2Clean Water Act Requirements

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Acetyl chloride is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and
further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.
This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance.
40 CFR 116.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of October 23, 2018:
8.10.3CERCLA Reportable Quantities

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Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a
release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg.
The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4
(section IV. D.3.b).
40 CFR 302.4 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of October 23, 2018:
8.10.4RCRA Requirements
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U006; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when acetyl chloride, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical
intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it
must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue,
contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of
small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).
40 CFR 261.33 (USEPA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of October 23, 2018
: https://www.ecfr.gov
8.11Other Safety Information

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8.11.1Toxic Combustion Products
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Decomposes at fire temperature with release of hydrogen chloride and phosgene.
8.11.2Other Hazardous Reactions

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May cause severe burns. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes.
9Toxicity
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9.1Toxicological Information
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9.1.1Toxicity Summary
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IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetyl chloride is a colorless fuming liquid. It is used as an acetylating agent, reagent in testing
for cholesterol, and for determination of water in organic liquids. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: In
the Ames test using Salmonella culture strains TA97 TA100 TA1535 TA1537 acetyl chloride was not mutagenic with or without
exogenous metabolic activation. Genotoxic activity of acetyl chloride was investigated in both somatic and germ cells of Drosophila
melanogaster. Only marginal genotoxic activities were observed in these cells.
9.1.2NIOSH Toxicity Data

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
9.1.3Evidence for Carcinogenicity

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CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: No human data or animal data.
HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Summary on Acetyl chloride (7446-34-6). Available from, as of February
4, 2019: https://www.epa.gov/iris/
9.1.4Exposure Routes
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Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.
9.1.5Inhalation Symptoms
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Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath.
9.1.6Skin Symptoms
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Redness. Pain. Burning sensation. Blisters. Serious skin burns.
9.1.7Eye Symptoms
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Redness. Pain. Severe burns.
9.1.8Ingestion Symptoms
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Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation behind the breastbone. Abdominal pain. Shortness of breath.
9.1.9Adverse Effects
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Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
9.1.10Acute Effects
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ChemIDplus
9.1.11Antidote and Emergency Treatment

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Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration,
preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary.
Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or
place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and
maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/
Currance, P.L. Clements, B., Bronstein, A.C. (Eds).; Emergency Care For Hazardous Materials Exposure. 3rd revised edition, Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, MO
2007, p. 176
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs
of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor
for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes
immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion,
rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does
not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize, because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with
dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/
2007, p. 176-7
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has
severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be
necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for
pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm
and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS)
or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.
Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine
hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/
2007, p. 177
9.1.12Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts

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/GENOTOXICITY/ The Ames test using the preincubation assay was conducted. The test chemical, Salmonella culture /(strains
TA97/TA100/TA1535/TA1537)/, and S-9 mix or buffer were incubated at 37 °C, without shaking, for 20 min. The top agar was added
and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surface of petri dishes containing Vogel-Bonner medium.
The histidine-independent (his+) colonies arising on these plates were counted following two days incubation at 37 °C. Acetyl
chloride is not mutagenic in these bacterial test systems either with or without exogenous metabolic activation at the dose level
investigated /(0, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 6666 ug/plate)/.
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA); Registered Substances, Acetyl chloride (CAS Number: 75-36-5) (EC Number: 200-865-6) (Last updated: April 26, 2018)
. Available from, as of September 27, 2018: https://echa.europa.eu/
/GENOTOXICITY/ The genetic toxicity profiles of vinyl chloride (VCl), vinyl bromide (VBr), ethyl carbamate (EC), vinyl carbamate (VC)
and some structurally related chemicals were investigated in both somatic and germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. In the
white/white+ eye mosaic assay, a screening system measuring predominantly homologous recombination in somatic cells, only
marginal genotoxic activities were observed for acetyl chloride (ACl), glycolaldehyde (GCA), 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether (DDE)
and methyl carbamate (MC), whereas VCl, 2-chloroacetaldehyde (CAA), VBr, 2-bromoacetaldehyde (BAA) and EC were clearly
recombinogenic in the assay. Those chemicals proven to be recombinogenic in somatic cells were investigated further in postmeiotic
male germ cells, utilizing as descriptors of their genotoxicity I(CL/RL) and M(exr-)/M(exr+) indices. The I(CL/RL) index is the rate of
induced chromosome loss (CL), a clastogenic event, divided by the forward mutation rate, measured as recessive lethal (RL)
mutations in 700 loci of the X-chromosome. The M(exr-)/M(exr+) mutation enhancement ratio is obtained by determining RL under
excision repair deficient versus repair proficient conditions. With I(CL/RL) values (2.7-6.9) similar to those obtained for cross-linking
agents, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, ethyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate are all efficient clastogenic agents in Drosophila germ
cells. In the absence of excision repair, however, neither CEO nor CAA gave a hypermutability response (M(exr-)/M(exr+)
approximately 1). By contrast, VCl, VBr, EC and VC showed clearly enhanced M(exr-)/M(exr+) ratios, suggesting that these
compounds produce some repairable DNA modification(s) that are not generated by their epoxides. This unexpected finding points
to the formation of other, yet unknown, metabolites of vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, ethyl carbamate and vinyl carbamate. Our
results support the concept that the epoxides chloroethylene oxide (CEO), bromoethylene oxide (BEO) and vinyl carbamate
epoxide (VCO) are the most essential mutagenic intermediates. Compared to chloroethylene oxide (CEO), 2-
chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) was approximately 50 times less effective in the induction of RL, whereas BAA was inactive as a mutagen.
These findings are consistent with the general view that CAA and BAA play no major role in the genotoxic action of vinyl halides.
PMID:8640917
Ballering LA et al; Carcinogenesis 17 (5): 1083-92 (1996)
9.1.13Non-Human Toxicity Values

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LD50 Rat oral 910 mg/kg
9.1.14Ecotoxicity Values
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LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 42 mg/L for 96 hr (95%
confidence interval: 25.2-70 mg/L)
Curtis MW, CH Ward; J Hydrol 51: 359-367 (1981) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available from, as of October 14, 2018: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
search.cfm
9.1.15Ongoing Test Status

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The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates
the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental
Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for acetyl chloride is available.[Available
from, as of February 1, 2019: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]
9.2Ecological Information
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9.2.1ICSC Environmental Data
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The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.
9.2.2Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary

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Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent) particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and
dyestuffs may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 287 mm
Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl chloride will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride will react
with atmospheric moisture and its half-life will depend on the humidity of the air. No half-lives for air with different water contents
could be found; however, acetyl chloride is known to fume in moist air. Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at
wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, acetyl chloride is
expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. However, acetyl chloride reacts violently in the presence
of water and combined with the reported high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in
soil, it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils. Acetyl chloride may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based
upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available. If released in water, acetyl chloride is not expected to persist
as it reacts violently with water. Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not
expected because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water. Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through
inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general public is
not expected to be exposed to acetyl chloride. (SRC)
9.2.3Artificial Pollution Sources

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Acetyl chloride's production and use in chemical synthesis (acetylating agent), particularly in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
and dyestuffs(1,2), in testing for cholesterol, and determination of water in organic liquids(2) may result in its release to the
environment through various waste streams(SRC).
(1) Larranaga MD et al, eds; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary 16th ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 13 (2016) (2) O'Neil MJ, ed; The
Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013)
9.2.4Environmental Fate
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TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation
method(2), indicates that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). In view of its violent decomposition in
the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of structurally-similar compounds with active hydrogen groups that occur in soil(4),
it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC). Acetyl chloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil
surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2018).
(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Sept 25, 2018:
https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (3) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (4) Thurm
an EM, Malcolm RL; pp. 1-23 in Aquatic and Terrestrial Humic Materials. Christman RF, Gjessing ET, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Sci (1983) (5) Daubert T
E, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
AQUATIC FATE: Acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(1) and, therefore, will not persist in the aquatic
environment(SRC). Adsorption to sediment, volatilization, bioconcentration in aquatic species or biodegradation are not expected
because of the very short lifetime of this compound in water(SRC).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013)
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1),
acetyl chloride, which has a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient
atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl chloride may be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-
produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 years(SRC), calculated from its rate constant
of 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). However, acetyl chloride decomposes violently in the presence of water(4) and fumes
in the presence of moist air(5). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, may
be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-7 (1988) (2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data
Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989) (3) Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph 2 p. 122 (1994) (4) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck
Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (5) Ashford RD; Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, London, England:
Wavelength Publ, Ltd. p. 16 (1994) (6) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12
(1990)
9.2.5Environmental Abiotic Degradation

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Acetyl chloride decomposes violently with water and alcohol(1), fuming in moist air(2) and being easily hydrolyzed to acetic
acid and hydrochloric acid by body moisture (e.g. mucous membrane, skin)(3). It will, therefore, not persist for any length of time in
the environment where water is present. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl chloride with photochemically-
produced hydroxyl radicals is 9.1X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 5
years at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). Acetyl chloride contains chromophores that
absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (2) Ashford RD; Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial
Chemicals, London, England: Wavelength Publ, Ltd. p. 16 (1994) (3) Moretti TA; Kirk-Othmer Encycl Chem Technol. 3rd ed New York, NY: Wiley 1: 162-6
(1978) (4) Atkinson R; J Phys Chem Ref Data, Monograph 2 p. 122 (1994) (5) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods.
Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 8-12 (1990)
9.2.6Environmental Bioconcentration
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Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) forming acetic acid and hydrochloric acid(2). Because of its short half-life
in water, bioconcentration of acetyl chloride in aquatic organisms is very unlikely(SRC).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (2) Moretti TA; Kirk-Othmer Encycl Chem Technol. 3rd
ed New York, NY: Wiley 1: 162-6 (1978)
9.2.7Soil Adsorption/Mobility
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Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of acetyl chloride can be estimated to be
1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl chloride is expected to have very high
mobility in soil(SRC). However, in view of its violent decomposition in the presence of water(3) and the high reactivity of this
compound towards molecules with active hydrogen groups such as natural products containing amine, phenol, and alcohol
functional groups that occur in soil(4), it is unlikely that acetyl chloride would persist for long in moist soils(SRC).
(1) US EPA; Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite. Ver. 4.11. Nov, 2012. Available from, as of Sept 25, 2018: https://www2.epa.gov/tsca-screening-tools (
2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (3) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (4) Thur
man EM, Malcolm RL; pp. 1-23 in Aquatic and Terrestrial Humic Materials. Christman RF, Gjessing ET, eds., Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Sci (1983)
9.2.8Volatilization from Water/Soil

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Acetyl chloride will decompose violently in water(1) preempting volatilization from water or soil surfaces as a fate process(SRC). For
the same reason, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is very unlikely(SRC). The potential for volatilization of acetyl chloride from
dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 287 mm Hg(2).
(1) O'Neil MJ, ed; The Merck Index. 15th ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, p. 16 (2013) (2) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis (1989)
9.2.9Probable Routes of Human Exposure

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NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2535 workers (574 of these are female) are potentially exposed to
acetyl chloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetyl chloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this
compound at workplaces where acetyl chloride is produced or used. The general population is not likely to be exposed to acetyl
chloride(SRC).
(1) CDC; International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) 2012. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Prevention & Control. National Institute for Occupational Safet
y & Health (NIOSH). Ed Info Div. Available from, as of Sept 25, 2018: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/default.html
Inhalation and ingestion.

Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 1985. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1985., p. 34
Workers may be exposed through skin contact(1).

(1) NOAA; CAMEO Chemicals. Database of Hazardous Materials. Acetyl chloride (75-36-5). Natl Ocean Atmos Admin, Off Resp Rest; NOAA Ocean Serv. Av
ailable from, as of Sept 25, 2018: https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/
10Associated Disorders and Diseases

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Associated Occupational Diseases with Exposure to the Compound
Pneumonitis, toxic [Category: Acute Poisoning]
11Literature
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11.1NLM Curated PubMed Citations
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PubChem
11.2Springer Nature References

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Springer Nature
11.3Thieme References
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Thieme Chemistry
11.4Wiley References
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Wiley
11.5Depositor Provided PubMed Citations

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PubChem
11.6Metabolite References
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Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
11.7Chemical Co-Occurrences in Literature

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PubChem
11.8Chemical-Gene Co-Occurrences in Literature

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PubChem
11.9Chemical-Disease Co-Occurrences in Literature

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PubChem
12Patents
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12.1Depositor-Supplied Patent Identifiers
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PubChem
Link to all deposited patent identifiers

PubChem
12.2WIPO PATENTSCOPE
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Patents are available for this chemical structure:
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/result.jsf?inchikey=WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
13Biological Test Results

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13.1BioAssay Results
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PubChem
14Classification
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14.1MeSH Tree
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
14.2ChEBI Ontology
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ChEBI
14.3ChemIDplus
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ChemIDplus
14.4CAMEO Chemicals
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CAMEO Chemicals
14.5UN GHS Classification

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UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
14.6NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification

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NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
14.7EPA DSSTox Classification

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EPA DSSTox
14.8EPA Substance Registry Services Tree

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EPA Substance Registry Services
15Information Sources
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FILTER BY SOURCE
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1. CAMEO Chemicals
LICENSE
CAMEO Chemicals and all other CAMEO products are available at no charge to those organizations and individuals (recipients) responsible for the safe handling of
chemicals. However, some of the chemical data itself is subject to the copyright restrictions of the companies or organizations that provided the data.
https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/help/reference/terms_and_conditions.htm?d_f=false
ACETYL CHLORIDE
https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/2284
CAMEO Chemical Reactivity Classification
https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/browse/react
2. CAS Common Chemistry
LICENSE
The data from CAS Common Chemistry is provided under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Acetyl chloride
https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=75-36-5
3. ChemIDplus
LICENSE
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
Acetyl chloride
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=chemidplus&sourceid=0000075365
ChemIDplus Chemical Information Classification
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/ChemIDplus
4. DrugBank
LICENSE
Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode)
https://www.drugbank.ca/legal/terms_of_use
Acetyl chloride
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB14623
5. EPA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
LICENSE
https://www.epa.gov/privacy/privacy-act-laws-policies-and-resources
Acetyl Chloride
https://www.epa.gov/aegl/access-acute-exposure-guideline-levels-aegls-values#tab-4
6. EPA Chemicals under the TSCA
LICENSE
Acetyl chloride
https://www.epa.gov/chemicals-under-tsca
7. EPA DSSTox
LICENSE
Acetyl chloride
https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID2023852
CompTox Chemicals Dashboard Chemical Lists
https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical-lists/
8. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
LICENSE
Use of the information, documents and data from the ECHA website is subject to the terms and conditions of this Legal Notice, and subject to other binding
limitations provided for under applicable law, the information, documents and data made available on the ECHA website may be reproduced, distributed and/or
used, totally or in part, for non-commercial purposes provided that ECHA is acknowledged as the source: "Source: European Chemicals Agency,
http://echa.europa.eu/". Such acknowledgement must be included in each copy of the material. ECHA permits and encourages organisations and individuals to
create links to the ECHA website under the following cumulative conditions: Links can only be made to webpages that provide a link to the Legal Notice page.
https://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/legal-notice
Acetyl chloride
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.787
Acetyl chloride
https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/cl-inventory-database/-/discli/details/68961
9. FDA Global Substance Registration System (GSRS)
LICENSE
Unless otherwise noted, the contents of the FDA website (www.fda.gov), both text and graphics, are not copyrighted. They are in the public domain and may be
republished, reprinted and otherwise used freely by anyone without the need to obtain permission from FDA. Credit to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as
the source is appreciated but not required.
https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/about-website/website-policies#linking
ACETYL CHLORIDE
https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/QD15RNO45K
10. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Acetyl chloride
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/662
11. ILO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)
LICENSE
The reproduction of ILO material is generally authorized for non-commercial purposes and within established limits. For non-commercial purposes of reproduction
of data, any required permission is hereby granted and no further permission must be obtained from the ILO, but acknowledgement to the ILO as the original
source must be made.
https://www.ilo.org/global/copyright/request-for-permission/lang--en/index.htm
ACETYL CHLORIDE
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0210
12. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
LICENSE
The information provided using CDC Web site is only intended to be general summary information to the public. It is not intended to take the place of either the
written law or regulations.
https://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html
Acetyl chloride
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/AO6180F0.html
13. Wikipedia
acetyl chloride
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl_chloride
14. DOT Emergency Response Guidebook
acetyl chloride
https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg
15. NJDOH RTK Hazardous Substance List
acetyl chloride
http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0013.pdf
16. Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2022 Haz-Map(R). All rights reserved. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials from Haz-Map are copyrighted by Haz-Map(R). No part of these
materials, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than for personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or
retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written
permission.
https://haz-map.com/About
Acetyl chloride
https://haz-map.com/Agents/1375
17. ChEBI
Acetyl chloride
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:37580
ChEBI Ontology
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/userManualForward.do#ChEBI%20Ontology
18. EU REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008
acetyl chloride
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02008R1272-20211001
19. Hazardous Chemical Information System (HCIS), Safe Work Australia

acetyl chloride
http://hcis.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/HazardousChemical/Details?chemicalID=69
20. NITE-CMC
acetyl chloride - FY2008
https://www.nite.go.jp/chem/english/ghs/08-mhlw-0004e.html
21. NMRShiftDB
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/588025
22. Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
LICENSE
HMDB is offered to the public as a freely available resource. Use and re-distribution of the data, in whole or in part, for commercial purposes requires explicit
permission of the authors and explicit acknowledgment of the source material (HMDB) and the original publication (see the HMDB citing page). We ask that users
who download significant portions of the database cite the HMDB paper in any resulting publications.
http://www.hmdb.ca/citing
Acetyl chloride
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0247922
23. Metabolomics Workbench
Acetyl chloride
https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/data/StructureData.php?RegNo=55629
24. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
LICENSE
https://www.nist.gov/srd/public-law
Acetyl chloride
http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist1a.cfm
25. SpectraBase
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/Bg7uj9GdzPs
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/9Oc48TmaXbc
ACETYL CHLORIDE
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/AI0IxE7jvqK
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/IYjrrE7aRcp
acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/D2AawIE6u9E
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/1k8oqeZQBLC
ACETYLCHLORIDE
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/CWJ4jgyxxPs
ACETYLCHLORIDE
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/whdpPf78Mi
ACETYL CHLORIDE
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/9CnBXZxTr1Q
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/6sXtBXWaWdW
Acetyl chloride; Acetylchloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2HpVqMCAbYg
isostearic acid chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/2rSVPVSFY2v
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/FMrX4Py4NIT
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/3sOAR3luWRn
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/Ixdqhd2LBxT
Acetyl chloride
https://spectrabase.com/spectrum/IlBvYHwa6qe
26. Springer Nature
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=15745&sourceid=4041116-805097646
27. SpringerMaterials
acetyl chloride
https://materials.springer.com/substanceprofile/docs/smsid_hiedyxcubqdfsxgg
28. Thieme Chemistry
LICENSE
The Thieme Chemistry contribution within PubChem is provided under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, unless otherwise stated.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=22163&sourceid=4041116-805097646
29. Wikidata
LICENSE
CCZero
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Acetyl_chloride
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408038
30. Wiley
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=wiley&sourceid=122604
31. PubChem
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
32. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
LICENSE
Works produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/copyright.html
acetyl chloride
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67081124
MeSH Tree
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
33. UN Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

GHS Classification Tree
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e.html
34. NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
LICENSE
Data: CC-BY 4.0; Code (hosted by ECI, LCSB): Artistic-2.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
NORMAN Suspect List Exchange Classification
https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/
35. EPA Substance Registry Services
LICENSE
EPA SRS List Classification
https://sor.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/substreg/LandingPage.do
36. PATENTSCOPE (WIPO)
SID 403029687
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/403029687

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Compound Summary

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 COMPOUND SUMMARY

Find Similar Structures

Laboratory Chemical Safety

Molecular Formula C H ClO or CH COCl or C ClH O

Molecular Weight 78.50

Acetyl chloride is an acyl chloride. It is functionally related to an acetic acid.

Chemical Structure Depiction

Interactive Chemical Structure

2.3.2European Community (EC) Number

3Chemical and Physical Properties

Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release

Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release

Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release

Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release

Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Heavy Atom Count 4 Computed by PubChem

Formal Charge 0 Computed by PubChem

Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release

Isotope Atom Count 0 Computed by PubChem

Defined Atom Stereocenter

Undefined Atom Stereocenter 0 Computed by PubChem

Defined Bond Stereocenter

Undefined Bond Stereocenter

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Computed by PubChem

Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Computed by PubChem (release 2021.05.07)

Colorless fuming liquid; [HSDB] Pungent odor; [Merck Index]

COLOURLESS FUMING LIQUID WITH PUNGENT ODOUR.

Colorless fuming liquid

5 °C (41 °F) - closed cup

4 °C (40 °F) - closed cup

Decomposed violently by water or alcohol

Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, glacial acetic acid, petroleum ether

Miscible with ether, acetone, benzene, chloroform; soluble in carbon tetrachloride

Soluble in ether, acetone, acetic acid

Solubility in water: reaction

Saturated liquid density: 68.849 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Saturated vapor density: 0.06130 Lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Relative density (water = 1): 1.11

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.7

Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 32

734 °F (390 °C)

Corrosive to metals and tissue

Index of refraction: 1.3898 at 20 °C/D

3.2.20Kovats Retention Index

Standard non-polar 542, 542, 542

3.2.21Other Experimental Properties

Ratio of specific heats of vapor (gas): 1.1467

Liquid heat capacity: 0.350 Btu/lb-F at 70 °F

1D NMR Spectra 1H NMR: 167 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue)

1D NMR Spectra NMRShiftDB Link

4.1.11H NMR Spectra

Source of Spectrum Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.

Source of Sample Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC.

Catalog Number 114189

Copyright © 2021 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. - Database Compilation