VIDYA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

IT SKILLS LAB RECORD -1

SESSION – 2021-2023
(EVEN SEMESTER)

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

PROF. PRASHANT SHARMA DEVANSH SWAMI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MBA 1st YEAR
 VIDYA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

IT SKILLS LAB RECORD -1

SESSION – 2021-2023
(EVEN SEMESTER)

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

PROF. PRASHANT SHARMA HIMANSHU GUPTA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MBA 1st YEAR
 VIDYA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

IT SKILLS LAB RECORD -1

SESSION – 2021-2023
(EVEN SEMESTER)

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

PROF. PRASHANT SHARMA AKASH LODHI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR MBA 1st YEAR
 IT SKILLS LAB 2
ASSIGNMENT 1

Q1. What are pivot table? How to develop it and How does it help to study the data?

Ans A pivot table is a powerful data summarization tool that can automatically sort, count, and sum up data
stored in tables and display the summarized data.
A pivot table is a summary of your data, packaged in a chart that lets you report on and explore trends based
on your information. Pivot tables are particularly useful if you have long rows or columns that hold values
you need to track the sums of and easily compare to one another.
A PivotTable is an interactive way to quickly summarize large amounts of data. You can use a PivotTable to
analyze numerical data in detail, and answer unanticipated questions about your data. A PivotTable is
especially designed for: Querying large amounts of data in many user-friendly ways.
The purpose of pivot tables is to offer user-friendly ways to quickly summarize large amounts of data. They
can be used to better understand, display, and analyze numerical data in detail — and can help identify and
answer unanticipated questions surrounding it.

Here are seven hypothetical scenarios where a pivot table could be a solution:

1. Comparing sales totals of different products.

2. Showing product sales as percentage of total sales.

3. Combining duplicate data.

4. Getting an employee headcount for separate departments.

To create a Pivot Table :

1. Enter your data into a range of rows and columns.
2. Sort your data by a specific attribute.
3. Highlight your cells to create your pivot table.
4. Drag and drop a field into the “Row and Labels” area.
5. Drag and drop a field into the “values” area.
6. Fine-tune your calculations.
Benefits of Utilizing Pivot Table :
Working of the table
Easy to use
Easy data Analysis
Easy summary of Data
Find data patterns
Quick report creation
Help in quick decision making.
Q2. How do we use Goal seek and solve to analyze the data?

Ans2
Go to data => Data Tools => What-if Analysis => Goal Seek
In the Goal Seek Dialogue Box, use the following details.
Click OK. This will open the Goal Seek Status dialogue box
Once you accept the solution
1. Set up your data so that you have a formula cell and a changing cell dependent on the formula cell.
2. Go to the Data Tab > Forecast group, click the h=what if analysis button, and select Goal Seek.
3. In the Goal Seek dialog box, define the cells/values to test and click OK :

Set Cell – the reference to the cell containing the formula.

To Value – the formula result you are trying to achieve
By changing cell - the reference for the input cell that you want to adjust.

4. The Goal Seek Status dialog box will appear and let you know if a solution has been found. If it
succeeded, the value in the “Changing Cell” will be replaced with a new one. Click OK to keep the
new value or Cancel to restore the original one.

Q3 Explain Scenarios Create named scenarios. Show, edit, delete scenarios.

Ans Use Excel scenarios to store several version of the data in a worksheet.
For example, When preparing a budget, the Marketing and Finance departments may have different
forecasts for sales. You can store each forecast as a Scenario, Print them separately, or compare them side-
by-side.

Scenarios allow workflow developers, scenario administrators, and others with the correct permissions to
preconfigure and save values for form fields that apply in specific situations.

This means you can send messages more quickly since you don't have to fill in all the form fields with the
same values every time. You can set up multiple scenarios for a single form to account for the variety of
real-world incidents.

For example, you could use the same Incident Response form as the foundation for two different scenarios:

• Scenario A: Sets the priority to Critical and targets a special Major Incident Triage team for a SEV-1
incident that's impacting customers,
• Scenario B: Sets the priority to Medium and targets the applicable service team when your
monitoring systems notice that an internal service is getting bogged down.

Step by step procedure to do Scenario Analysis

Choose Data ➪ Data Tools ➪ What-If Analysis ➪ Scenario Manager. Scenario Manager dialog box
will appear on the screen. When we first open this dialog box, it shows that No Scenarios defined. Choose
Add to add scenarios.. It is not surprising because we’re just starting. When we shall add named scenarios,
they will appear in the Scenarios list in the dialog box.
Step 1: Adding a scenario
Step 2: Adding values to scenarios
Step 3: Displaying scenarios
Step 4: Modifying scenarios
Step 5: Merging scenarios
Step 6: Generating Scenario Summary Report

Q4 How do we do Validating and Auditing in Excel.

Ans Data validation in Excel is a technique that restricts user input in a worksheet. It is often used to limit
user entry.

The settings tab is where you enter the validation criteria. There are eight options available to validate for
user input:

• Any Value - It removes any existing data validation.

• Whole Number - It allows only whole numbers. For example, you can specify that the user must enter the
number between 0 to 30.

• Decimal - The user must enter a number with decimal values.

• List - The user will have to create a drop-down list to choose from.

• Date - The user will have to enter the date format.

• Time - The user should enter a time.

• Text Length - It validates input based on the length of the data.

• Custom - It validates the user input using a custom formula.

 How to Validate Data in Excel?

1. Select the cell you want to validate. Go to the Data tab > Data tools, and click on the Data Validation button.
2. On the settings tab, specify your validation criteria.
3. You can enter the input message if you want. This step is optional.
4. You can also set your custom error message. This step is optional.
5. Click OK. Now, if you try entering a value outside the specified range (10, 50), it will result in an error

Q5 How do we set and validate for data entry in cell range like whole
number,decimals, date time trace precedent,dependent cells?

Data Validation (using the data validation dialog box) that restricts data entry to a decimal number within limits?
Click the Settings tab (in the Data Validation box). In the Allow box, select 'Decimal'. In the Data box, select
'between', and set the minimum and maximum.

How do you apply data validation to a cell?

How to Validate Data in Excel?
• Select the cell you want to validate. Go to the Data tab > Data tools, and click on the Data Validation
button. ...
• On the settings tab, specify your validation criteria.
• You can enter the input message if you want. This step is optional.
• You can also set your custom error message. ...
• Click OK.
How do you set data validation range?
Add data validation to a cell or a range
• Select one or more cells to validate.
• On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Data
Validation.
• On the Settings tab, in the Allow box, select List.
• In the Source box, type your list values, separated by commas. ...
 • Make sure that the In-cell dropdown check box is selected.
How do you ensure that only dates, in a valid format, can be entered in a
particular cell?
• Set up a data validation input message for the cell.
• Put a message in the cell that says users need to enter a valid date.
• Create a data validation rule for the cell that restricts users to only
entering dates.

Q6 What is Macro and its advantages and how to create a Macro explain using
an example?
A macro is a name given to a block of C statements as a pre-processor directive. Being a pre-processor, the block of
code is communicated to the compiler before entering into the actual coding (main () function). A macro is defined
with the preprocessor directive, #define.

The advantage of using macro is the execution speed of the program fragment. When the actual code snippet is to be
used, it can be substituted by the name of the macro. The same block of statements, on the other hand, need to be
repeatedly hard coded as and when required.

The disadvantage of the macro is the size of the program. The reason is, the pre-processor will replace all the macros
in the program by its real definition prior to the compilation process of the program.

Describe the advantages of using macro.

A macro is a name given to a block of the code which can be substituted where the code snippet is to be used for more
than once.

- The speed of the execution of the program is the major advantage of using a macro.

- It saves a lot of time that is spent by the compiler for invoking / calling the functions.

- It reduces the length of the program.

If you have tasks in Microsoft Excel that you do repeatedly, you can record a macro to automate those tasks. A macro
is an action or a set of actions that you can run as many times as you want. When you create a macro, you are
recording your mouse clicks and keystrokes.
 ASSINGMENT-2

Q1-How do we create different Chart . Explain in detail

Ans- Create a chart (graph) that is recommended for your data, almost as fast as using the chart wizard that is no
longer available.

Create a chart

• Select the data for which you want to create a chart.

• Click INSERT > Recommended Charts.
• On the Recommended Charts tab, scroll through the list of charts that Excel recommends for your
data, and click any chart to see how your data will look.
• If you don’t see a chart you like, click All Charts to see all the available chart types.
• When you find the chart you like, click it > OK.
• Use the Chart Elements, Chart Styles, and Chart Filters buttons, next to the upper-right corner of
the chart to add chart elements like axis titles or data labels, customize the look of your chart, or
change the data that is shown in the chart.
• To access additional design and formatting features, click anywhere in the chart to add the CHART
TOOLS to the ribbon, and then click the options you want on the DESIGN and FORMAT tabs.
Q2- How do we add or delete data series in a chart ? Explain

Add a data series to a chart on a separate chart sheet

If your chart is on a separate worksheet, dragging might not be the best way to add a new data series. In that
case, you can enter the new data for the chart in the Select Data Source dialog box.

• On the worksheet that contains your chart data, in the cells directly next to or below your existing
source data for the chart, enter the new data series you want to add.
• Click the worksheet that contains your chart.
• Right-click the chart, and then choose Select Data.

• The Select Data Source dialog box appears on the worksheet that contains the source data for the
chart.

• Leaving the dialog box open, click in the worksheet, and then click and drag to select all the data you
want to use for the chart, including the new data series.
• The new data series appears under Legend Entries (Series) in the Select Data Source dialog box.
• Click OK to close the dialog box and to return to the chart sheet.

To remove a chart's data series, click “Chart Filters” and then click “Select Data.” Select the series in
the Legend Entries (Series) box, and then select “Remove.” Click “OK” to update the chart.

Q3- How do we change scale of axis value ?

Excel includes an impressive graphing capability that can turn the dullest data into outstanding charts,
complete with all sorts of whiz-bang do-dads to amaze your friends and confound your enemies. While
Excel can automatically handle many of the mundane tasks associated with turning raw data into a chart,
you may still want to change some elements of your chart.
For instance, you may want to change the scale Excel uses along an axis of your chart. (The scale
automatically chosen by Excel may not represent the entire universe of possibilities you want conveyed in
your chart.) You can change the scale used by Excel by following these steps:

1. Right-click on the axis whose scale you want to change. Excel displays a Context menu for the axis.
2. Choose Format Axis from the Context menu. (If there is no Format Axis choice, then you did not
right-click on an axis in step 1.) Excel displays the Format Axis dialog box.
3. Make sure the Scale tab is selected. (See Figure 1.

Figure 1. The Scale tab of the Format Axis dialog box.

4. Adjust the scale settings, as desired.

5. Click on OK.
Q4 - How to change display units on value axis without changing data source?

Ans- If your chart values consist of large numbers, you can make the axis text shorter and more
readable by changing the display unit of the axis. For example, if the chart values range from
1,000,000 to 50,000,000, you can display the numbers as 1 to 50 on the axis and show a label
that indicates that the units express millions.

1. Click the value axis you want to change.

2. On the Format menu, click Selected Axis, and then click the Scale tab.
3. In the Display units list, click the units you want or type a numeric value.
4. To show a label that describes the units expressed, select the Show display units label on
chart check box

Q5- How to format column, bar, Pi, Slices, plot area chart are to display an image

How can you Format the plot area of a chart?

Format your chart using the Format task pane

Right-click the chart axis, and click Format Axis.

In the Format Axis task pane, make the changes you want. You can move or resize the task pane to
make working with it easier. Click the chevron in the upper right. Select Move and then drag the pane to
a new location.

How to Make a Column Chart in Excel

Follow these steps to create a basic column chart in Excel.

• Enter data into an Excel spreadsheet.

• Select the data to be included in the chart. Include row and column headings but not the title for
the data table.
• In Excel 2016, select the Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart icon, and then select a column
chart option.
• In Excel 2013, select the Insert > Insert Column Chart icon, and then select a column chart
option.
• In Excel 2010 and Excel 2007, select Insert > Column, and then select a column chart option.
Format Your Excel Chart

After you've created a chart in Excel, there are several ways to format the chart to make it more readable
or stand out more.

• Select the chart you want to format.

• The easiest way to select the entire chart is to select the top left or the top right corner away from
the chart title.
• To apply a different chart layout, select Design > Charts Layout, and select a layout.
• To apply a different chart style, select Design > Chart Styles, and then choose another style.
• To apply a different shape style, select Format > Shape Styles, and then choose another shape
style.
• A shape style formats only the chart's border.
• To add different shape effects, select Format > Shape Effects, and then choose from the available
options.
• To apply a theme, select Page Layout > Themes, and then select a new theme.

How do I create a graph in Excel?

Step 1: Enter the data in Excel. Step 2: Choose one of the graph and chart options. Step 3: Highlight the data
and insert the desired graph. Step 4: Switch the data on each axis where required. Step 5: Adjust the layout
and colors. Step 6: Change the size of the chart's legend and axis labels. Step 7: Change the Y axis
measurement options. Step 8: Reorder your data and title the graph.

How do you create a chart in Excel?

Step 1: Select data for the chart. Step 2: Select Insert > Recommended Charts. Step 3: Select a chart from the
“Recommended Charts” tab. Step 4: Select a chart. Step 5: Select “OK."

How do you make an XY graph in Excel?

Step 1: Select the data and click on the chart wizard button. Step 2: Choose an x-y scatter graph. Step 3:
Choose “Finish.” Step 4: Click on a point on the chart to highlight the data points. Step 5: Choose Chart >
Add Trendline. Step 5: Choose a linear regression and then click on the Options tab. Step 6: Select “Display
equation on chart” and “Display R-squared value on chart.”

How do I make a bar graph?

Step 1: Click on the “Insert” tab. Step 2: Go to Charts> Bar Graph. Select a cell in your range and press
Ctrl+A to select the data. Step 3: Click Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart.

How do I get Excel to show all data in a graph?

Step 1: Select the chart. Step 2: Click the Design tab. Step 3: Click “Select Data” in the Data group. Step 4:
Click on “Hidden and Empty Cells.” Step 5: Select the “Show Data in Hidden Rows and Columns’" option.
Step 6: Click “OK" twice.