Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Support Du Cours Master IT Anglais de La Technologie Et de L'information-1
Support Du Cours Master IT Anglais de La Technologie Et de L'information-1
l'Information.
Française du Togo)
A tense is expressed through a verb. The most usual tenses in English are the following
N.B : At the third person singular (he,she,it), add- « s » to the verb. If the verb ends in :
o,s,x,z,ch,sh(go,pass,mix,buzz,teach,push) you add- « es ». For verbs ending in « Consonant
+y » (cry fly,deny,etc), the « y » changes to « ies »
Negative form : Use : do not +verb (infinitive-to) if the subject is I, You, We, They and
« does not + verb (infinitive-to) if the subject is He, She and it.
Interrogative : do (for I,You,We, They)/ does( for He, She,It) + subject+ verb(half Infinitive)
Use : the simple present tense is associated with the adverbs such as always, usually, often,
sometimes, generally,never, on Mondays, in Januaries, every, for habitual actions.
The Simple Present Tense is also used to say that something is true in general.
Use : this tense is often associated with the time adverbs such as now, at this time/moment,
Listen ! Hear ! Look !
Use : It is associated with the tense markers : since,for and yet to talk of actions that started
in the past but may still take place in the present.
The Present Perfect Tense can also be associated with adverbs such as :just, ever, never,
already to talk of actions completed there is only a short period of time.
Use : for actions that started in the past but still continue. The tense markers are : since and
for.
Formation : Affirmative form : it depends whether the verb is regular or irregular. For
regular verbs, add- « ed » at the end of the verb. If the verb is irregular, you must see their list.
Use : It is associated with the time markers « last, yesterday, ago, once, before, it is (high)
time to » to describe past actions or situations.
Use : It is used for actions that took a long time in the past to occur . The adverbs associated
are : « while and when »
Example : While the teacher was writing, some people were playing.
Use : It describes an actions completed at a certain point of time in the past. The time markers
that are often associated are « after and before. »
After + subject + 1st action (in Past Perfect) + 2nd action (in Simple Past)
Before + 2nd action (in simple past) + 1st action (in Past Perfect)
Use : It is used to express the continuity of a past action more than the Past Perfect does.
After/ As soon as / when + subject + 1st action (in Simple Present) + 2nd action (in Simple
Future)
Before + subject + 2nd action (in Simple Present )+ 1st action (in Simple Future)
Example : a. He will built his house first, then he will leave his landlord.
b2. Before he leaves his leaves his landlord, he will build his house.
Use : The Future Continuous Tense is used to say that something will be happening at a
particular point of time in the future.
Use : The Future Perfect Tense is used to say that an action will be completed at a particular
time in the future.
Example : Kofi will have got his A’ level before you come back in four years.
Use : It is used to say that something will surely happen very soon.
They express restrictions under some conditions. They are often associated with « if »
Assignment :
Question tags are the contracted short sentences at the end of statements. They are
used in spoken English more than written English in order to confirm positive or
negative statements, or to encourage a reply from the person from the person we are
speaking to.
3. Also, questions are formed using the modal (helping) verbs in the sentences :
5. If sentences contains words that have negative meaning such as hardly, rarely, barely,
seldom, never, the question tag should be definitely positive.
Examples :
Exceptions :
☆ Negative imperatives
☆ Let’s
☆ There is/are
• This may sound like a stupid question but I’d like to know……………
B. Answering techniques :
You may need to delay answering a question while you think for a moment or check on your
facts. Here are some techniques for delaying your answer :
You may have to press people to tell you more than they have already done in answering a
question. You may want further details or you may satisfied with the answer given. There are
some techniques for getting the extra information :
• Sorry but could you explain that in a bit more details please ?
Information Technology is a broad term that involves the use of technology to communicate,
transfer data and process information. The different trends within information technology
include, but aren’t limited to :
▪︎ Analytics
▪︎ Automation
▪︎ Artificial Intelligence
▪︎ Cloud Computing
▪︎ Communications
▪︎ Cybersecurity
▪︎ Data/Database Management
▪︎ Infrastructure
▪︎ Internet of thing
▪︎ Machine Learning
▪︎ Networks
▪︎ Robotics
▪︎ Software/Application Development
▪︎ SCADA.
This list is by no means exhaustive and new applications for technology are constantly
emerging.
Information Technology plays a prominent role in business and provides a foundation for
much of out current workforce. From Communications to data management and operational
efficiency, IT supports many business functions and helps drive productivity. The Information
Technology is all set to play an all pervasive role in human resource management. Today, we
are in Information Technology (IT) Era. Every organization will be affected by it. Many
organizations have already started use of it. Information Technology facilitates storing and
regaining huge information quickly with the help of hardware and software networks and
workstations at lesser costs. Information Technology enables combination and configurations
of data to create distinctly new information which aids in making quick decisions. The global
expansion of trade and commerce has facilitated the companies to do global needing a
communicating network to fulfill their needs. IT network enables to communicate with
persons in any part of the world. In this way it helps to have an access to any information for
making quick decisions. Human resources can be utilized in the best possible manner with the
help of information technology to have the competition edge by increasing operational
efficiency of human resources and speedily increasing the productivity. The next century will
be dominated by the use of information technology. The advanced knowledge is made
accessible today itself. IT will be a boon foe human resource management. A large amount of
information relating to job analysis, job design, job specification and description performance,
evaluation, salary and allowances of each employee and executive, their increments with data,
time of retirements, leave records, the expertise, knowledge obtained by employees and what
not can be stored, combined and reconfigurate and make it available at the fingertips within
seconds, thus saying time and costs and increasing substantially the productivity and
efficiency of the employees.
● Assists in generating new business within a short time due to the availability of accurate
information.