Technology - defined as “the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area.

” In its
broadest sense, the term technology, when applied to education, includes the skills practices, and
procedures of instruction itself. These would be the evidence-based teaching practices that teachers use
in the classroom. In fact, one might say that the classroom culture is made up of all the practices,
expectations, and technology (including non-material and material technology) within the classroom
environment.

ICT - refers to technologies that provide access to Information through Telecommunications. It is similar
to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on Communication technologies. This includes the
Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums.

TECNOLOGY - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.
MEDIA - the main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded
collectively.

LEARNING - the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught.
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY - practical techniques of instructional delivery that systematically aim for
effective learning, whether or not they involve the use of media

INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM - can be defined as “deliberately designed instructional materials that are
intended to function interrelated to achieve predetermined learning outcomes

STE National Educational Technology Standards For Teachers An international organization for
educational technology called International society for Technology in Education (ISTE), established
standards for both teachers and students. These standards were also referred to in the development of
the Philippine ICT Competency standards which include the following: Standard

1: Technology Operations and Concepts This means that teachers demonstrate a sound understanding
of technology operations and concepts.

Standard 2: Planning and Designing Learning Environment and Experiences. This standard implies that
teachers utilize the use of technology to plan and design effective learning environments and
experiences.

Standard 3: Teaching, Learning and Curriculum Teachers should be mindful that in the implementation of
curriculum plan, they have to include strategies for applying technology to maximize student learning.
Standard 4: Assessment and Evaluation Teachers apply technology to facilitate a variety of effective
assessment and evaluation strategies to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate
findings to improve instructional practice and maximize student learning.

Standard 5: Productivity and Professional Practice Teachers use technology to engage in on-going
professional development and lifelong learning in support of student learning, increase productivity and
to build community of learners.

ED 104 – Technology for Teaching and Learning 1

Standard 6: Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues Teachers understand social, ethical, legal and human
issues surrounding the use of technology in support of student learning who come from diverse
background, affirm diversity, promote safe and healthy use of technology resources and facilitate access
to technology resources for all students

. ISTE National Educational Technology Standards for Students From how technology teachers facilitate
learners, outcomes of student looming should indicate that the following standards have been complied
with.

Standard 1: Creativity and Innovation This standard will produce students who demonstrate creative
thinking, construct knowledge, develop innovative products and processes using technology from
existing knowledge.

Standard 2: Communication and Collaboration This standard requires students to use digital media and
environments to communicate and work collaboratively to support individual learning and contribute to
the learning of others. This includes the use of variety of media and formats for global awareness with
learners from other cultures

. Standard 3: Research and Information Fluency Students are expected to apply digital tools to gather,
evaluate and information and plan strategies for inquiry. This standard expects student to locate,

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 organize, analyze, evaluate, synthesize and ethically use information from a variety sources and media.
Standard 4: Critical Thinking. Problem-Solving and Decision Making This standard expects the students to
use critical thinking skills to plan and conduct research, manage projects, solve problems and make
informed decisions using appropriate digital tools

. Standard 5: Digital Citizenship It is required by this standard that every technology student becomes a
digital citizen who demonstrates ethical and legal behavior, exemplified by the practice of safe, legal and
responsible use of information. Further, the student exhibits positive attitude towards the support of
technology for collaboration, learning and productivity as a digital citizen.

Standard 6: Technology Operations and Concepts Sound understanding of technology concepts, systems
and operation is a standard that students should comply with. They too, are expected to further transfer
current knowledge to learning of new technologies

1. Educational Technology - is a term used to describe a wide array of teaching-and-learning– related

software and hardware that’s increasingly being used in college and university classrooms.

2. Digital Literacy - means having the skills you need to live, learn, and work in a society where
communication and access to information is increasingly through digital technologies like internet
platforms, social media, and mobile devices.

3. Digital Learning - is an instructional practice that ultimately helps students. It makes use of a broad
range of technology-enhanced educational strategies. It includes blended learning, flipped learning,
personalized learning, and other strategies that rely on digital tools to a small or large degree.

4. On-line digital tools apps use an internet connection to access the information needed. Common
example is Skype (a telecommunication application software product that specializes in providing video
chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile device via internet and regular telephones.

5. Off-line digital tools and apps can still be used even if there is no internet access. It includes Canary
Learning (It allows offline access for students to write homework and for teachers to grade it), ibooks, KA
LITE (KA Lite is a lightweight web application software that allows users without Internet access to
engage with Khan Academy videos and exercises in completely offline settings)

6. Instructional technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management,
and evaluation of the processes and resources for learning.

7. Software - the entire set of programs, procedures, and related documentation associated with a
mechanical or electronic system and especially a computer system.

8. Multimedia - a technique (such as the combining of sound, video, and text) for expressing ideas (as in
communication, entertainment, or art) in which several media are employed.

9. Internet - a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

10. World Wide Web (www) - a part of the Internet accessed through a graphical user interface and
containing documents often connected by hyperlinks.

11. Web access - is the ability of learners to access the internet at any point during the lesson in order to
take advantage of the array of available education resources.

12. Web quest – inquiry- oriented lesson forma in which most or all information that learners work with
comes from the web. These can be created using various programs including simple word processing
documents that include links to websites

. 13. Productivity tools refers to any type of software associated with computers and related
technologies that can be used as tools for personal, professional or classroom productivity.

14. Technology Tools is an instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that help your accomplish
your goal with the used of the technology. These technology tools can be classified as:  Data/Collection
tools. Examples: spreadsheets, Excels, Sketchpads, probability constructor.  Design Tools. These are used
to make models and design, creating and building. Included here are family tree maker, GollyGee, and
Crazy Machines among others.  Discussion Tools. There are 4 different approaches that utilized
discussion and interaction in the Internet. These are threaded discussion forum, Blogging, Live chat, and
Video Teleconferencing, Netiquette and Safety on the net.  Email Tools. Emails are great communication

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 tools for sending messages, photographs, videos and other files. It allows to reach out to others around
the world. Examples are, Google mail, Yahoo mail, and many more.  Handled devices. Handled devices
have become popular among learners. These include Personal Digital Assistants, global positioning
system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) in the classroom, Portable electronic keyboards,
digital cameras, mobile phones, palm handheld computers.

14. Webquest - is an inquiry-oriented lesson format in which most or all the information that learners
work with comes from the web

15. Blog - a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group,
that is written in an informal or conversational style. Three kinds includes blogs for communication, blogs
for instruction and blogs for both.

16. Wiki - an editable website usually with limited access, allows students to collaboratively create and
post written works or digital files, such as digital photos or videos. Example is Wikipedia

17. Flipped classroom utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is required to use the
web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial instruction of the lesson which will be
discussed during class time.

18. Podcast - a video or audio multi-media clip about a single topic typically in the format of the radio
talk show. Two basic functions are to retrieve information and to disseminate information.

19. Google apps - a cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the Google server and is available for
students both at home and in school

. 20. Vlog - a video blog where each entry is posted as video instead of the text.

21. Facebook - a popular social networking site used by students and adults worldwide to present
information on themselves and to the world

. 22. VOIP (voice over internet protocol) is a category of hardware and software that enables people to
use the Internet as transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using IP
rather than traditional circuit transmission.

According to Stosic (2015), educational technology has three domains:

1. Technology as a tutor. Together with the teacher, technology can support the teacher to
teach another person or technology when programmed by the teacher can be a tutor on its
own. The teacher will simply switch on or switch off radio programs, television programs
or play DVDs, or CDs that contain educational programs. There are on-line tutorial
educational programs, too.
2. Technology as a teaching tool. Like a tutor, technology is a teaching tool, but can never
replace a teacher. This is like the handyman, which is just there to be reached. Like any
other tool, it is being used to facilitate and lighten the work of the teacher. It will be good
if the teacher can also create or develop technology tools that are needed in the
classroom.
3. Technology as a learning tool. While the teacher utilizes technology as the tool for
teaching, likewise it is an effective tool for learning. As a learning tool, it makes learning
easy and effective. It can produce learning outcomes that call for technology-assisted
teaching. Even the teachers who are teaching can utilize similar tools for learning. As a
learning tool, it is very interesting that even the elderly use these tools for learning for
life.

Here are some examples of the roles that technology can do for teachers and teaching.

1. Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning.

It transforms a passive classroom to an active and interactive one, with audio visual
aids, charts and models, smart classrooms, e-learning classrooms which motivate and
increase attention level of learners. Many of these can be searched on the web.
2. Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment. The teachers are
assisted and supplemented with appropriately structured instructional materials for daily
activities. There are varied available technology-driven resources which can be utilized
for remedial lesson or activities. Likewise there are also a lot of technology-driven

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 resources that can be used for enrichment purposes. You may search for the examples on
the web.
3. Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching. This will
make the act of teaching more efficient and effective. There are arrays of teaching
methods and strategies that can use technology which are found compatible with
learning styles. The multiple intelligence theory of Howard Gardner tells us that there is
a genius in every child. This implies that there must be varied ways of teaching as there
are many varied ways of learning. All the learning styles can find support from
technology, so that teaching will be more effective and efficient.
4. Technology opens new fields in educational researches. The areas of teaching testing
and evaluation are enhanced by technologies for teaching and learning. Current
educational researchers will no longer find difficulty in interpreting tests, assessment
and other evaluation results. There are available programs that can analyze and interpret
results with speed and accuracy. Reference retrieval is also hastened because many of
the research materials are in digital form. Technology has also provided access to big
data that can be processed for problem solving and inquiry.
5. Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific outlook.
Through the utilization of theories of learning and intelligence, which are explained in
references uploaded in the net, the teachers are encouraged to imbibe skills to source
these information with speed and accuracy.
Technology supports teacher professional development. With the demand of continuing
professional development for teachers, the availability of technology provides alternative way of
attending professional development online. For those who are involved as providers of
continuing professional development like trainers, facilitators or organizers they can level up or
enhance their delivery systems

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