CLS ENG 22 23 XI Phy Target 4 Level 1 Chapter 9

Step-1
Chapter 9
Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Solutions
SECTION-A
1. Answer (3)
Specific gravity is the ratio of density of any substance to the density of a standard fluid, in general water.
2. Answer (1)
P = P0 + gh
where h is depth inside liquid and P0 is pressure at top surface
3. Answer (2)
According to pascal’s law any increment in pressure at any point in a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished
in all directions.
4. Answer (3)
The block will experience buoyant force equal to weight of the liquid displaced and the block will sink completely
inside the liquid due to its higher density
5. Answer (4)
FB = 4mg
FW = mg
FW + T = FB
 T = 3mg
6. Answer (4)
2
F   dF   gh(2)  (dh )
0
 g [h2 ]02  39.2 kN

7. Answer (2)
From equation of continuity
A1v1 = A2v2
A1v1 16  1
v2   m/s  4 m/s
A2 4
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Solutions of Assignment Mechanical Properties of Fluids 29
8. Answer (1)
vefflux = 2gh
h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
v efflux = 2  10  0.1 = 2 m s–1 = 1.414 m s–1
9. Answer (1)
Bernoulli’s equation is conservation of energy.
10. Answer (1)
Area decreases, energy is released.
SECTION-B
11. Answer (4)
Pressure at height y3 in right arm is atmospheric pressure but at same height in left arm, pressure is more
than atmospheric pressure.
12. Answer (1)
F1 F
 2
AA AB
F2
 AB   AA
F1
6500
  0.7
230
= 19.78 m2  20 m2
13. Answer (4)
(0.5  v )(w )g  (0.4  v )g  g
0.5
 g  w
0.4
= 1250 kg/m3
14. Answer (2)
As the ice cube is held at the bottom of the container it displaces water more than its own height so as it
melts it leaves a vacent space to be occupied by the surrounding water.
15. Answer (2)
3
PB – PA = hgeff = gh
2
16. Answer (4)
l 2l
3 
3

3
 ' l 
5
'  
3
30 Mechanical Properties of Fluids Solutions of Assignment
17. Answer (2)
 mg  1 2
 A  hdg   2 dv
 
p0
v= 2
d
18. Answer (4)
At terminal speed
Fd = mg – Fbuoyant
4 3
 krv  r (  )g  v  r 2
3
19. Answer (3)
v  2gh does not depend on quantity of liquid, but it depends on height of the liquid column above the
orifice.
20. Answer (3)
If adhesion is greater than cohesion (as for tap water and glass) meniscus is concave, and in this case liquid
wets the surface.
SECTION-C
21. Answer (4)
Force exerted by A on cylindrical surface is radially inward and symmetrical. So net force is zero.
22. Answer (3)
FB = mg for equilibrium.
SECTION-D
23. Since liquid is filled up to the same height
 P1 = P2 = P3
Respective forces exerted at the bottoms are
F1 = P1A1
F2 = P2A2
F3 = P3A3
Since A2 > A1 > A3
 F2 > F1 > F3
Thus liquid exerts maximum force at the bottom of the flask 2.
24. At A, pressure = PA
At B, PB = PA + gH
 H
At C, PC = PA +  g 
 2
 H
Now PA + PB = PA + PA + gH = 2  PA  g 
 2
= PA + PB = 2(PC)
PA  PB
 PC =
2
25. The upward buoyant force balances the weight of the cube. Let the volume of cube inside the water be V, then
mg = Vg
(600 g)(10 ms–2) = V(density of water)(10 ms–2)
 0.6 kg = V × (103 kg m–3)
0.6
V=
103
= 6 × 10–4 m3 = 600 cm3

26. Since the plug is stationary, static friction acts between the plug and the pipe wall.
 Static friction, fs = Force of push by the water
= Gauge pressure × Area of cross-section of the plug = (gh) × (r2)
Here  = 103 kg m–3, g = 10 ms–2, h = 15 m, r = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
 fs = (103 × 10 × 15) × 3.14 × (0.025)2
= 0.0294 × 104 = 294 N
27. (i) The level of mercury is same in both the arms. spirit
That means pressure at point A is the same as

that at point B water 25 cm
20 cm
 hwwg = hssg
 hw w = h s  s
A B
s h
  w
w hs Mercury
s 20 cm

w 25cm
 Specific gravity of spirit = 0.8.
(ii) When 10 cm of water and spirit each is poured in the respective arms, mercury level on the side of water
goes down as water is denser than spirit.
Let the difference in the levels of mercury be h, now
equating the pressure at points C and D, we get 35 cm
hwwg = hssg + hmmg
 hww = hss + hmm 30 cm
 30 × 1 = 35 × 0.8 + h × 13.6 h
A D
 h = 0.147 cm C
h  1.47 mm
5 125
28. Given vlower = 150 km/h = 150   m s –1
18 3
5 205
vupper = 246 km/h = 246   m s –1
18 3
Total area of the two wings = 2 × 30 m2 = 60 m2;  = 1 kg m–3
Applying Bernoulli’s equation,
1 2 1 2
Plower  v lower  Pupper  v upper
2 2
Plower – Pupper 
1
2
 2
 v upper 2
– v lower = 1 1

 2052 – 1252
2 9

1
=  42025 – 15625  = 1466.6 N m–2
18
Upward force on the plane = (P1 – P2) × A
= 1466.6 × 60
= 88 × 103 N
This force balances the weight of the plane.
Therefore mg = 88 × 103
88  103
m=
9.8
Hence, the mass of the plane = 8979.5 kg
29. (i) and (ii)
Magnus Effect
When a ball spins as it moves through air, it drags along a layer of air with itself. The streamlines around
it are in the form of concentric circles as shown below.
When the ball moves forward, the air ahead of the ball rushes backward to fill the space left vacant by
the ball. Thus streamlines of air around this ball are as shown below.
The velocity of air above the ball (in the given case) is opposite to the direction of spin. It is in the direction
of spin below it.
Streamlines for a fluid around a

sphere spinning clockwise
Thus, the relative velocity of air with respect to ball is greater at the upper part than that in the region
below the ball. The streamlines thus get crowded above and rarified below.
This causes the pressure below the ball to be greater and that above it to be smaller. This pressure
difference causes an upward force on the ball. Hence, the ball is deviated from its path. This effect arising
due to spinning of the ball is called “Magnus Effect”.
(iii) Equation of continuity
Consider a fluid in steady flow. The map of its flow for a particular section can be shown by the bundle
of streamlines as shown below. Here area of cross-section is greater at Q than that at P. Hence,
streamlines are closely spaced at P than that at Q. Let the area of cross-section and fluid velocity at P
be AP and vP respectively. Let the corresponding quantities at Q be AQ and vQ.
Therefore, the volume of fluid moving in at P, in a small time interval t
= APvPt
Similarly, the volume flowing out at Q, during the same interval t,
= AQvQt P
Q
By conservation of mass, for t
mass flowing in at P = mass flowing out at Q.
 (APvPt)P = (AQvQt)Q [P = fluid density at P, Q = fluid density at Q]
For flow of incompressible fluids
P =  Q
 Apv P  AQvQ
This expression is known as equation of continuity. It is a statement of conservation of mass in flow

for incompressible fluids.
The equation of continuity can be stated as : For the streamline flow of an incompressible fluid through
a pipe of varying cross-section, Av remains constant throughout the flow.
 A v = constant
30. (i) Streamline Flow
1. In a streamline flow each following (oncoming) particle follows exactly the same path as that of its
predecessor.
2. Flow is steady and different layers of liquid move parallel to each other.
3. Reynolds number is usually less than <1000 for a streamline flow.
4. Fluid velocity remains constant at any point of a streamline, but it may be different at different points
of the same streamline.
5. It occurs at low speeds.
6. A streamline motion can be represented with help of a bundle of streamlines.
Turbulent Flow:
1. The haphazard and zig-zag flow of fluid particles is called turbulent flow.
2. It is accompanied by random irregular local circular currents called eddies.
3. It occurs at high flow speeds.

4. Mostly Reynolds number > 2000 for the flow to be turbulent.
5. It leads to dissipation of kinetic energy as heat.
6. Turbulent motion increases the rate of transfer of mass, momentum and energy.
1 2 1
(ii) According to Bernoulli’s principle, P1  v1  gh1  P2  v 22  gh2 . If the fluid is at rest,
2 2
 v1 = v2 = 0
Then, P1 + gh1 = P2 + gh2  P1 – P2  g (h2 – h1 )
Which is a mathematical form of Pascal’s law, i.e., at h1 = h2, P1 – P2 = 0
31. Speed of Efflux
The word ‘efflux’ means the outflow of the fluid. The expression for the velocity of efflux for a fluid, from a small
hole of its container, can be found as follows.
The figure below shows a closed vessel filled with a liquid up to height l. Let the vessel contain a small hole
(orifice) in its side at a level h below the top surface of liquid. Taking the liquid to be incompressible and its
flow through the hole as streamline, we can apply the equation of continuity at points 1 and 2.
A2v2 = A1v1
A1v1
 v2  ...(i)
A2
Applying Bernoulli’s equation at the two points, we have
1 2 1
P2  v 2  gl  P1  v12  g (l – h ) [Point 1 is above the ground by a level l – h]
2 2
If the cross-sectional area of the vessel

2 A2
A2 is much larger than that of hole i.e., A1
v2  0
h
l
1 2
 P2  gl  P1  v1  g (l  h ) A1
2
1
1 2
 v1  (P2 – P1 )  gh
2
2
v1   P2 – P1   gh 

Since the hole is open to the atmosphere, the pressure P1 is same as the atmospheric pressure Pa.
2
 v1  (P2 – P1 )  2gh

This expression gives the velocity of efflux.

Torricelli’s Law : In case the vessel containing the fluid is open i.e., not covered, the pressure P2 at the
top of the liquid surface is same as the atmospheric pressure Pa.
Thus, the velocity of efflux becomes
v eff  2gh ...(ii)
This is the same as the velocity acquired by a body after falling freely through a height h.
The expression (ii) is known as Torricelli’s law.
32. Given that radius of one small drop, r = 0.5 cm
= 0.005 m
8 such drops combine to form one big drop of radius R.
Then,
4 4
R 3  8  r 3
3 3
 R = 2r
= 2 × 0.005 m
R = 0.01 m
Now the energy released E, on combination of drops is given by
E = S × (decrease in area)
Where S is the surface tension of water, S = 0.07 N m–1
 E = 0.07[(4r2)8 – 4R2]
= 0.07 × 4[8r2 – R2]
22 
= 0.07  4  8(0.005)2 – (0.01)2 
7  
= 0.88 × (0.02 – 0.01) × 10–2

= 8.8 × 10–5 J
This energy gets converted to kinetic energy,
1
 8.8  10 –5  mv 2
2
Where m = mass of the drop, v = velocity of the bigger drop
1
 8.8  10 –5   V  v 2
2
1 4 
 8.8  10 –5  (10)3    10 –6   v 2
2  3 
 4.2 × 10–2 = v2
 v = 0.205 m/s
33. (i) The angle of contact  for mercury-glass interface is obtuse. The molecules of mercury are strongly
attracted to themselves than that to glass molecules.
Hence mercury does not wet glass.
Applying the condition of equilibrium at the point of contact,
Sla mercury
we have

Ssa + Slacos( –) = Ssl glass
Ssa Ssl
 Ssl = Ssa – Slacos
Since  is obtuse, Ssl > Ssa
(ii) When brush is taken out of water, thin water film is formed at the tips of the hair. It contracts due to
surface tension and so the hair cling together.
(iii) In absence of any external force, a liquid surface acquires a spherical shape due to surface tension. It
is because for a given volume, a sphere has the minimum surface area.
Therefore, small liquid drops are spherical in shape, large drops get flattened due to the action of gravity.

Step-2
Chapter 9

Solutions
1. Answer (3)
p0
Pressure at bottom = P0 + hg + 2hg = P0  3hg
2. Answer (3)
gh = gh
h 13.6  70
h   = 280 cm
 3.4
3. Answer (2)
Let radius of narrow arm = r
1
Then radius of broader arm = r = 3r
2 1
The mass to be lifted at broader arm = 50 kg, then from Pascal’s law
F1 F2

r12  r22
2
 r1  1
F1 =   (50g ) =  490 = 54.4 N
 r2  9
4. Answer (3)
Since the fluid is incompressible,
Volume of fluid pushed in = volume of fluid moved out.
 Ah  4 A  h
h
 h 
4
5. Answer (1)
The net force acting on the ball is independent of the pressure, since force experience by the ball is only
buoyancy force and gravity force
6. Answer (1)
x
Extra depth submerged on placing the block on the wooden cube = cm
100
 x  10 
2
 10–3 xg = .l   g
2
 100 
Where x = Mass of block (in g)

 = Density of water
l = Side of cube
1
 l m = 10 cm
10
7. Answer (3)
From work energy theorem,
h = 20 m
mg(h + 20) = lV  g  h
l  V  g  h
h  20  = 2h h
B  Vg
 h = 20 m
8. Answer (1)
1  a 
 = tan  
g 
9. Answer (4)
h
tan  
L g h
u
a a
tan  
g
aL h
h
g
10. Answer (2)
AA 1
Given that A  4
B
According to the equation of continuity,

AAvA = ABvB
AAv A
  constant
ABv B
vA A 4
  B 
vB AA 1
v
 vB 
4
11. Answer (3)
From equation of continuity,
A1v1 = A2v2
r12v1 = r22v2
2
v 2  r1  1
    
v1  r2  4
v2 = 2 cm/s
12. Answer (1)

Magnus effect is due to greater fluid relative velocity.
13. Answer (2)
According to Bernoulli’s principle, for points at same horizontal level
1 2 1
PA  v A  PB  v B2
2 2
1 2 1
v B  (PA – PB )  v A2 ...(i)
2 2
But, PA – PB = gh
1 2 1
 v B  gh  v A2
2 2
 vB2 = 2gh + vA2

g = 10 m s–2
vA = 4 cm s–1
= 0.04 m s–1
h = 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10–3 m
 vB2 = 2 × 10 × 2.5 × 10–3 + (0.04)2
= 51.6 × 10–3
= 516 × 10–4 m2/s2
 vB = 22.72 × 10–2 m/s
= 22.72 cm/s
14. Answer (1)
Velocity of efflux v  2gh
Here h = 15 cm = 0.15 m
 v  2  10  0.15
v= 3 ms–1
15. Answer (4)
v 0  2gh  2ga
a
v1  2g 
2 v0
v0
v1 
4
2
Since x will be half the diagonal of one of the force.
a x
 x
2
16. Answer (1)
Applying Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2
h 1
P0  hg   2  g  0  P0  (2)v 2
2 2
2hg = v2 2
1
 v  2gh
17. Answer (1)

F = S × l = 70 × 10–3 × 5 = 350 × 10–3 N
18. Answer (4)
T is the tension in the string. Net force on a small part AB towards the centre O is
d A B
2T sin  T ' d [∵ d is small]
2
T O d T
Td = 2TR d
T = 2TR
Td
19. Answer (4)
W = Surface energy
Work done = Surface tension × Increase in surface area
= S × 2 × 4r 2 (Bubble has two free surfaces)
= 4 × 10–2 × 2 × 4 × (0.02)2
= 128 × 10–6 J
= 4.02 × 10–4 J
20. Answer (4)
When a drop of liquid splits into a number of drops
R
then r  1
n3
Final area = n  4r
2
4R 2
= n 2
n3
1
= n 3  4 R
2
1
= n 3 (Initial area)
i.e., Area increases and in this process work is done so energy is absorbed.
1
w  4R 2S(n 3  1)
So option (4) is correct.

21. Answer (3)
1
P , so air flows from smaller bubble to the bigger one.
r
22. Answer (4)
The excess pressure inside a bubble formed inside a liquid is given by
2S
P = Pi – Po =
R
2S Pa
 Pi  Po 
R
In given case, Po = Pa + gh 20 cm
= 1.01 × 105 N m–2 + (103 × 10 × 0.2) Pi Po

= (1.01 × 105 + 0.02 × 105) N m–2
Air bubble
= 1.03 × 105
2  70  10–3
 Pi = 1.03 × 105 +
0.02
= 1.03 × 105 + 0.00007 × 105

 1.03 × 105 N m–2
23. Answer (4)

Rise of liquid in a capillary tube is given as
2S cos 
h
r g
For a given liquid and the capillary tube of a given material, S,  and , remain the same.
2S cos 
 hr = = constant
g
 For the two tubes given

hr = hr
hr = h(2r) [r= 2r is given]
h
 h 
2
24. Answer (4)

25. Answer (1)
Viscous drag F = 6av
Since v is same for both the balls.
 |F|  a (radius of the ball)
F1 R 1
  
F2 2R 2
26. Answer (3)

27. Answer (2)
2 R2
Terminal velocity vT  ( –  )g
9 
For the given material and liquid
vT  R 2 (R = Radius of the raindrop)
When the eight raindrops combine together, let radius of new drop be R1
4 4
Then, R13  8  R 3
3 3
 R1  2R
2 2
vT R  R 
  
 2R 
Thus
vT1  R1 
VT 1

VT1 4
 VT1  4VT
=4×6
= 24 cm s–1 (Given VT = 6 cm s–1)
28. Answer (4)
mg  B  6rv
a
m
 a = p – qv
V t
dv
 
0
p  qv
 dt 
0
B
6rv
 p  qv  v a
 ln   qt
 p 
mg
p  qt
 v  (1  e )  Graph (i) is correct.
q
mg  B 1 m
Now, p   r ,   r 2 (as m = V  m  r3)
m q 6r
p
  r2
q
 Final velocity  r2 . Thus graph (iii) is correct.

Now, a = p – qv = p[1 – 1 + e–qt]
= pe–qt
 Graph (ii) is correct.
dv
Also a = p – qv = v
dx
dv p
   q = slope of v-x graph
dx v
Graph (iv) is correct.
29. Answer (1)

30. Answer (1)
Given,
 Pr4
Q (Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length l and radius r)
8 l
Now,
4
r
P   r
 3  (Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length
Q  2l and radius )
8   2l 3
P r 4
Q 
8 l  162
Q
Q 
162
31. Answer (6)
2  20
t1 =  2s
10
v1 = 2 × 10 = 20 m/s
2mg  mg
 a2 = = g upward
m
 t2 = 2 s
t3 = 2 s
 Total time = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 s
32. Answer (30)
W0 = 50 g
W1 = 50 g – B = 46 g
 B=4g ...(i)
m1 + m2 = 50 ...(ii)
 m1 m2 
 20  10 1 g  4 g
 
 m1 + 2m2 = 80 ...(iii)
 m2 = 30
33. Answer (20)
(PB – PA) = (g + ay)H
= () (2g)H
34. Answer (2)
Av = av1
 dy 
(A)     av1
 dt 
For v1
1 2
v1   () (g )2h  2gh 
2
find v1 and solve differential equation.
35. Answer (3)
1 2
Y  at
2
F = 2TY
P = F.V
1 2
P=2T× at .at
2
P  t3
36. Answer (3)
0.74 3
Volume flow Rate = m /s
60
0.74  104
Speed of efflux = m/s = 2gh
60    4
 9.82  2  10  h
 h = 4.8 m
37. Answer (1)
dh
  2gh
dt
a 2gh  Q
104 2gh  104
1
h
2g
h  5.1 cm
38. Answer (1)
Let area be A.
A A
F  v2   2v 2
4 4
3Av 2 3 2
Pressure =  v
4A 4
39. Answer (3)
4S
P  P0 
R
4S
 P  P0
R
1/3
 4 
 P  4S    P0
 3v 
1/3
 4 
P  4S    P0
 3kt 
4
Also v  R 3
3
1/3
 3v 
  4  R
 
Given v = kt
 1 
Correct form: P  m  1/3   c
t 
40. Answer (4)
 2
 = 4 rad/s x
dy 2 x
tan   
dx g
h x
2 x
  dy   g
 dx
0 0
5102
2 x 2
 y
2g 0
162  25  104
 y  1.9 cm  2.0 cm
2  10
41. Answer (2)
Flow rate of water (Q) = 100 lit/min
100  103 5
   103 m3
60 3
Q 5  103
 Velocity of flow (v) = 
A 3    (5  102 )2
10 2
  m/s
15 3
= 0.2 m/s
Dv
 Reynold number (Re) 

2
(10  102 )   1000
 3
2 × 104
1
Order of Re = 104
42. Answer (1)
h  1/r
M  r2h
Mr
43. Answer (4)
4
V g  v  g …(1)
5
v v
V g  g  0 g
2 2
  oil  4
     
 2 2  5
oil  4 1 3
    –   
2  5 2  10
3
 oil    0.6
5
44. Answer (4)
Ratio of surface tension
SHg
 7.5
SWater
Hg cos Hg cos135 1

 13.6 &  
W cos W cos0 2
RHg  SHg   W   cos Hg 

      

RWater  SW   Hg   cos W 
1 1 2
 7.5    0.4 
13.6 2 5
45. Answer (3)
30  
Given  50 3   1  g  Mcube g …(i)
100
Let m mass should be placed
Hence  50   1  g   Mcube  m  g

3
…(ii)
equation (ii) – equation (i)

 mg = (50)3 × g(1 – 0.3) = 125 × 0.7 × 103 g
 m = 87.5 kg
46. Answer (2)
Using Bernoullie’s equation v 2  v12  2gh
Equation of continuity
A1V1 = A2V2
 15 
(1 cm2 )(1 m/s)  ( A2 )  (1)2  2  10  
 100 

 
A2 lncm2   1
2
 A2 = 5 × 10–5 m2
47. Answer (3)
P = P2 – P1 = gH
3.03 × 106 = 103 × 10 × H
 H 300 m
48. Answer (2)
R3 = 27r3
 R = 3r
2
V1  R 
  9
V2  r 
49. Answer (2)
A1v1 = A2v2 (Equation of continuity)
v min v1 A2 (4.8)2 9
   
v max v 2 A1 (6.4)2 16
50. Answer (1)
For minimum density of liquid, solid sphere has to float (completely immersed) in the liquid.
 mg = FB (Also Vimmersed = Vtotal)
4 3
or  dV  3 R 
R
 r2  2 4
  0 4 1  R 2   r dr  R 3 
0
3
R
r 3 r5  4
 40   2
 R 3 
 3 5R  0 3
40 R 3 2 4
   R 3 
3 5 3
20
  
5
51. Answer (1)
P1 = 0
F1
P2 = g5
F2
P3 = 15g
(P1  P2 )
F1  A
2
(P2  P3 )
F2  A
2
F1 5g 5 1
   
F2 20g 20 4
52. Answer (3)
1
(PA  PB )  (VB2  VA2 )
2
1  2 VB2 
 P   VB  
2  4 
3
 P  VB2
8
( P )8 ( P )4 700  4
VB    m /s
3 1500 1500
 28  cm3
Q  ABVB  (20)    100
 15  s
Q  2720 cm3 /s
53. Answer (1)
2 3 4
T.2r + r g  r 3 dg
3 3
r2
T= (2d  )g
3
3T
r=
(2d  )g
54. Answer (4)
(x, y)
2 x 2
y
2g
x=R
252
 y
2g
55. Answer (2)

Angle of contact = 30°
30°
60°
2T cos 
h
r g
 3
2  0.05   
  2 
= 0.087 m
0.15  10 –3  667  10
56. Answer (4)

4T
P1 = P0  r
1
4T
P2 = P0  r
2
r1
2
r2
V1
 8
V2
57. Answer (4)
4 3
r w g – mg  ma
3
4 3
r w g
 m 3
g a
= 4.15 gm
58. Answer (2)
|Change in energy| = Ui – Uf
x1 x   x  x2    x1  x2 
= (dsx1 )g  (dsx2 )g 2  2  ds  1  g  
2 2   2   4 
1
= gds( x2  x1 )2
4
59. Answer (4)
4
3
4

R 3  w  g   R 3 – r 3 m  g
3

3 3

 R3 = R – r   27
8
1
 19  3 8
 r=   R  R
 27  9
60. Answer (1)

vT r2
2gh  r 2
 h  r4
61. Answer (1)
1 2 P 1
P    V 2
2 2 2
P
 V   2

62. Answer (3)

nr3 = R3
H = T[4nr2 – 4 R2]
Rise in Heat energy/volume (Q)
4T
Q= nr 2  R 2 
4 3
Jn. r
3
Solving we get
3T  1 1 
Q 
J  r R 
63. Answer (3)

P1 = P0 + gh1
2P0
h1 
g
P2 = P0 + 4P0 = 5P0
P P 200
% increase  2 1  100  %
P1 3
64. Answer (1)
VD
R

4Q
R
D
4  103  0.18  10 3 4  105  0.18

R1  2 3

60    10  10 60
= 0.0038 × 105 = 380
0.48
R2   380  1018
0.18
65. Answer (1)
4T
P1  P0 
a
4T
P2  P0  a b
b
P1 P2
4T
 P1 – P2 
rc
1 1 1
 – 
a b rc
ab
 rc 
(b – a)
66. Answer (3)
4 3 4
R  2  R32
3 3
1
 R2  R  2 3
E1 T  4R2  2
  2
E2
T  4R2  2 3
1
2
  23
22/3
67. Answer (4)
p0 = 0
r
r1 + r2 =
4T 4T 4T
P1  P0  , P2  P0  , P  P0 
r1 r2 r
and n1 + n2 = n
P1V1 P2 V2 P  V
  
RT RT RT
 r12  r22  r 2
 r  r12  r22
68. Answer (4)

FV
VT
Mg
FV  Mg
4 
6RVT   R3  w  g
3 
2R2 w g 2  (2  104 )2  1000  10

VT  
9 9  1.8  105
4.94 m/s
69. Answer (1)
gH = P
P
 H 
g
 1 1 
P  2T   
 R1 R2 
2T  R2  R1 
 H  g  R R 
 1 2 
2  7.3  102  4  2.5 


100  10  4  2.5  10 
 3
= 2.19 mm
70. Answer (101)
2T cos 
h
gr
gr  h 900  10  15  15
 T  
2cos  100  1000  100  2
 T = 0.10125 Nm–1
 T = 101.25  101 milliNewton m–1
71. Answer (25600)
100g mg
Initially  ( A2  A1 )
A1 A2
Mg mg
Later 16 A  A / 16
1 2
M = 25600
72. Answer (3)
mg 1
 gH   2
A 2
240 1
  1000  10  0.4   1000   2
0.4 2
  = 3 m/s
73. Answer (6)
For maximum range

h=H–h
H
h=
2
12
= m6m
2
74. Answer (2)
Pinside smaller bubble
4T 4T
 Patm  
Rout Rin
Pinside equivalent bubble
4T
 Patm 
Req
1 1 1
  
Req Rout Rin
 Req = 2 cm

Step-3
Chapter 9
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Answer (2)
L
 AB    gx  Ldx   x
0
 L3 
= gL   
3 
gL4
=
3
103  10  3 4
=
3
= 27 × 104 Nm
2. Answer (3)
T = Fb – mg
1 1 R 2Hg
T  R 2H (n)g – R 2H g =  n – 1 
3 3 3
3. Answer (1)
v  5geff l
mg
Fb 
2
g 
 Weff = (m)  
2
v=  5   g  l
2
4. Answer (1)
Uloss = mgR
 3 13
Ugain   2   mgR  mgR
 8  8
 13  5
∴ Wext    1 mgR  mgR
 8  8
10
= mgR
16
5. Answer (1)
6
 PB  PA   0  g  6  6 ...(i)
8
 PB  PB   0  8  8 ...(ii) A
6
From (i) and (ii)
B 8 B
 PB  Pa   32 0
6. Answer (4)
0.2
Rmax  2   2  g  0.1
g
= 0.2828 m
28 cm
7. Answer (2)
F = AV2
= (A)(2gH) H
2gH
F 2A  g H  g 
a=   
M  50 AH    25 
8. Answer (3)
L
r=
2
r
(8T)r = 2 F f f f
2 2
F
T=
2L
9. Answer (4)
Tl
FT =  Tdl
= (T) 2R
There will be only single surface. (I) (II)
10. Answer (1)

gelf = 3g
2T cos 
  
h = r  3g
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (2, 3)
Force at bottom can be calculated by F = PA
2. Answer (1, 3)
w  a2xg = Ia3g x
I
x  a  x = 9 cm
w
3. Answer (3, 4)
wa2xg 10–2 + l  a2 (10 – x)  10–2 = mg 10 – x

4 cm
On simplification, x
x = 8.4 cm
and 10 – x = 1.6 cm
4. Answer (2, 4)
2 x 2
∴ y 
2g
∴ It is paraboloid
And, PB > PA
5. Answer (2, 3)
As Av = constant, A1 < A2 < A3

 v1 > v2 > v3
By Bernoulli’s theorem for points at same horizontal level
1 2 1
P1  v1  P2  v 22
2 2
 P2 > P1
6. Answer (2, 3)
2gh
v 2
A 
1  0  is velocity of
 A
(efflux)  v  h , v  0
7. Answer (1, 4)
A 2H 25
T0   1000 = 1000 s
a g 10
A 2H  1 
= T1/2  1    293 s
a g  2
8. Answer (1, 3, 4)
4T
Excess pressure inside liquid (spherical) bubble =
R
2T
Whereas excess pressure for spherical meniscus
R
4T
Excess pressure = does not hold for cylindrical bubble.
R
9. Answer (1, 2, 4)
2T
h
gr
 2T  4T 2
∴ W  T  2r   
 gr  g
r 2 g 4T 2 2T 2
h
2
2

U  mg  r  h  g 
h
2
= 
2
 2 2
 g r 2 =
g
10. Answer (1, 3)

Terminal velocity is final constant velocity which does not depend on h.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
1. Answer (3)
A1 = 4r2 A1 = Area of the top surface
A2 = r2
A3 = 4r2 – r2 = 3r2
By equating forces, we get

(P 0 +  gh1) A1

(P0 + gh1)A1 + ghA1  P0 A2  {P0  g ( h1  h )} A3 
3 ghA 1
3
On simplification, we get
5h P0A2 {P0 + g (h 1 + h )} A3
h1 
3
2. Answer (2)
Again equating forces, we get
P0A1

P0A1 + ghA1
3

ghA1
 P0 A2  {P0  gh2 } A3 3
On simplification,
{P0 + gh2}A3
P0A2
4h
h2 
9
3. Answer (1)
For equilibrium,
 F externa l P0 .A 1
Fexternal + P0A1 + ghA1 = (P + gh)A + P A
3 0 3 0 2

ghA 1
Fexternal 4gh 3
  4P0   (P0  gh )3  P0  1
r 2 3
A3{P0 + gh ) P0A2

 Fexternal  5gh r 2  5 mg
3 4
Comprehension-II
1. Answer (2)
4 3 4
n r  R 3
3 3
1
⇒ R  r  n3
2T 2T
∴ p   1
R
n3r
2. Answer (3)
 T
2
Uloss  n  4r 2  T  4 n1/3 r
= 4r 2T n  n 2/3 
 
4   1 
∴   r 3  n   S  T   4r 2Tn 1  1/3 
 3   n 
r  1 
⇒  s T  T  1  1/ 
3  n 
3T  1 
∴ T   1  1/3 
rs  n 
SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(r)
A1 : A2 = 2 : 1
As A1V1 = A2V2  V1 : V2 = A2 : A1 = 1 : 2
r1 : r2 = 2 : 1  V1 : V2 = r2 2: r12 = 1 : 4
A1V1
A1 : A2  4 : 1  1
A2V2
If A1 : A2 = 1 : 1  V1 : V2 = 1 : 1
2. Answer (4)
Based on theory
3. Answer A(s), B(q), C(p), D(r)
1
Velocity  r 2 , velocity 

dv
velocity = v0 (1 – e–bt), where b is a constant. Also velocity increases as x increases but decreases or
dx
dx
increases.
dv
So, graph A, B, C and D respectively match with (s), (q), (p) and (r).
SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (1)
B = Buoyant force on a body = Vg
Where  is density of fluid and V is volume of solid submerged.
Thus B is independent of mass and shape.
2. Answer (4)
Although buoyant force and gravitational force both depend on value of acceleration due to gravity, but fraction
of body submerged does not depend on acceleration due to gravity. At equilibrium
mg = B
 Vg = Vg
 V = V
Where V = volume of body
V = volume of submerged portion of body
3. Answer (1)
As volume flow rate is constant, A × v = constant.
When jet moves up, v decreases and A increases.
When jet goes down, v increase and A decreases.
4. Answer (2)
In a capillary tube
(Tcos)×2r = (r2h) g
2T cos 
h
r
From above it is clear that statement (i) and (ii) both are correct.
5. Answer (2)
Drag force on the particle is proportional to V. In this case velocity is of the form V0 (1 – e–bt) and acceleration
is of the form a0e–bt. (here b is a constant). Therefore both statements are independently correct.
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (3)
Mass of water = Mass of ice melted
 4a 2  x 2  h   a3  x 3   0.9 …(1)
Weight of ice cube = Buoyant force
x 3  0.9  g  x 2  h  1  g
h = 0.9 x ...(2)
From (1) and (2),
 4a2  x 2  0.9 x   a3  x 3   0.9

4 a 2 x  x 3  a 3  x 3
a
x
4
Now a = 12   x = 3 cm.
2. Answer (3)
W = m(g + a) = 1 × 12 = 12 N
1
B =   v  (g  a )  1000   (12)  15 N
800
 T = B – W = 15 – 12 = 3 N
3. Answer (3)
From Bernoulli’s theorem,
1 2
p  p0  v  p0
2
1 2
gh  v 1
2
 v  2gh
R = vt
when extra pressure applied,
1 2
p  gh  p0  v 2  R0
2
p 
v 22  2   gh
 
R1 = v2t
R1 = 2R
v1 = 2v1
p 
2   gh = 2 2gh
 
h
P0I 
p 
 2   gh  4  2gh
 
time = t
p
  + gh = 4gh
p
 3gh

p  3gh  3  103  10  10  3  105  3
4. Answer (6)
Let hole is made at x depth.
2  (3 H  x )
Then, v  2gx , t 
g
3(H  x )
 R2  2gx 
g
dR 2
 0
dx
3H
 x
2
but x  H
 xmax = H
 h required = 2H
5. Answer (8)
Surface tension will balance liquid weight
2T
h
d g
SECTION - G
Previous Years Questions
1. Answer (B)
Fdue to pressure
h
 0
(P0  gx )2Rdx
= 2P0Rh + Rgh2 x
dx
Fsurface tension = 2RT
Fnet = Fpressure – Fsurface tension
= |2P0Rh + Rgh2 – 2RT |
2. Answer (A)
Let V0 be the volume of walls of cylinder and V be the volume of water in it. Further let V1 be the volume of
empty space in the cylinder.
For equilibrium,
V V 
cV0g + Vg =  1 0 g
 2 
V1 V0
V   1  2c 
2 2
V1
if c = 0.5, V =
2
V1
c > 0.5, V <
2
V1
c < 0.5, V >
2
3. Answer (D)

2

b
 
S 2b cos      b2  h
 2

2S cos(  )
2 h
bg
4. Answer (B)
Let water level falls by x m due to oil
We have
0.1 x
x x
0.29
(800)(g)(0.1) = (1000)(g)(2x)
8 1
 x   0.04m
200 25
 h2 = 0.04 + 0.29 = 0.33 m

h1 = 0.29 – 0.04 + 0.1
= 0.35
h1 35
 =
h2 33
5. Answer (A, B, D)
For string to be taut,
vdF g  vd A g
vdB g  vdF g
Also, vdF g  vdF g  vd A g  vdB g
6. Answer (A, D)
As string is taut, V1g T V2g
1  1 and 2  2
P Q
 2  2  1  1
Also, 2  2  1 T V1g V2g
 When P is left in L2 it moves up

 When Q is left in L1 it moves down

VP  VQ  0
Also, V 1g  V 2g  V 1g  V 2g

L1 1
V 2g  V 1g  V 2g  V 1g
V2g
L2 2 1
(1 )VQ  (2 )VP 2
k2VP V1g
VP 1

VQ 2
7. Answer (A, C, D)
A
FV u0
Plate
 dv 
Fv  A  
 dz 
dv v  u0 
Since height h of the liquid in tank is very small   
dz z  h 
u 
Fv  ()A  0 
 h 
 1
Fv    , Fv  u0 , Fv  A, Fv  
h
8. Answer (C)
a
2h
R  2gh
g H
2H(g+a)
d  vx  t
h
h
 2H (g  a ) 
g a
d
d Independent of acceleration of lift.
9. Answer (6)
P0A (500 – H) = (P0 – gh)A.300
(105  10 4  0.2)  300

 500  H 
105
 H = 206 mm
Fall in height = 6 mm
10. Answer (9)
Taking the velocity w.r.t. train
vt
v
4Stvt = 3Stv
4 
 v   vt 
3 
Also ambient air will be moving with speed vt w.r.t. train
1 2 1 16
 p0  v t  P   v t2
2 2 9
1 7 2
 p0  p  vt
2 9
 N=9


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Step-1

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

 g [h2 ]02  39.2 kN

v efflux = 2  10  0.1 = 2 m s–1 = 1.414 m s–1

Bernoulli’s equation is conservation of energy.

10. Answer (1)

Area decreases, energy is released.

(0.5  v )(w )g  (0.4  v )g  g

17. Answer (2)

20. Answer (3)

21. Answer (4)

22. Answer (3)

= 6 × 10–4 m3 = 600 cm3

That means pressure at point A is the same as

Streamlines for a fluid around a

(iii) Equation of continuity

Therefore, the volume of fluid moving in at P, in a small time interval t

mass flowing in at P = mass flowing out at Q.

 (APvPt)P = (AQvQt)Q [P = fluid density at P, Q = fluid density at Q]

For flow of incompressible fluids

This expression is known as equation of continuity. It is a statement of conservation of mass in flow

3. It occurs at high flow speeds.

Then, P1 + gh1 = P2 + gh2  P1 – P2  g (h2 – h1 )

Which is a mathematical form of Pascal’s law, i.e., at h1 = h2, P1 – P2 = 0

31. Speed of Efflux

Applying Bernoulli’s equation at the two points, we have

If the cross-sectional area of the vessel

This expression gives the velocity of efflux.

v eff  2gh ...(ii)

= 0.88 × (0.02 – 0.01) × 10–2

Where m = mass of the drop, v = velocity of the bigger drop

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure at bottom = P0 + hg + 2hg = P0  3hg

Where x = Mass of block (in g)

10. Answer (2)

According to the equation of continuity,

From equation of continuity,

12. Answer (1)

 vB2 = 2gh + vA2

14. Answer (1)

Velocity of efflux v  2gh

15. Answer (4)

Since x will be half the diagonal of one of the force.

16. Answer (1)

Applying Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2

17. Answer (1)

= S × 2 × 4r 2 (Bubble has two free surfaces)

So option (4) is correct.

In given case, Po = Pa + gh 20 cm

= 1.01 × 105 N m–2 + (103 × 10 × 0.2) Pi Po

= 1.03 × 105 + 0.00007 × 105

23. Answer (4)

 For the two tubes given

24. Answer (4)

Viscous drag F = 6av

Since v is same for both the balls.

 |F|  a (radius of the ball)

26. Answer (3)