Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

Science and Technology Part – 1

Q.1 i. (A)
(A) ii. (A)

iii. (B)

iv. (B)

v. (D)

Q.1
i. Ice

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(B)
All other substances expand on heating while ice contracts on heating.

ii.

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Column I Column II Column III
a. Mass 2. kg ii. Measure of inertia
b. Weight 4. N i. Zero at the centre

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(Note: In ‘Match the column’ students are expected to match the contents of Column I,
with those in Column II and Column III appropriately, and write the answer in a tabular
format.)
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iii. True
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iv. In Fleming’s right hand rule-Thumb : Motion of conductor :: In Fleming’s right hand
rule-Index finger : Magnetic field

v. Aqua regia
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(Note: In ‘Name the following/Identify’ students are expected to identify and write
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only the term and not the complete statement.)

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Q.2
(A) i. a. While going from left to right in a period, electrons are added to the same
outermost shell. At the same time, protons get added in the nucleus increasing the
nuclear charge. Hence, these electrons experience greater pull from the nucleus
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due to increased effective nuclear charge.

b. As a result, it becomes difficult to remove a valence electron from the atom. Hence,
metallic character goes on decreasing while going from left to right in a period.

ii. a. Electric bulb works on the principle of heating effect electric of current.
b. The solenoid type coil of bulb has high resistivity and very high melting point.
c. When current is passed through the bulb, solenoid type coil of bulb gets heated
to high temperature (upto 3400 °C) and starts glowing.
Hence, tungsten metal is used to make a solenoid type coil in an electric bulb.

iii. a. When water is accumulated in a fissure of a rock, as temperature in cold climate

dips below 4 °C, water starts expanding instead of contracting.
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
b. Between temperature fall of 4 °C to 0 °C, volume of water increases continuously
due to anomalous behaviour of water.
c. At the same time, rocks undergo contraction.
d. As a result, rocks experience force applied by water and crack.

Q.2 i. Physical properties of metals:

(B)
a. They are ductile and malleable.
b. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
c. They are lustrous.
d. They are sonorous.
e. They are hard (except lithium, sodium, potassium).

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f. They have high melting and boiling points (except sodium, potassium, mercury, gallium).
[Any four points]

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(Note: In ‘Write properties/characteristics/uses/advantages/effects’, students are
expected to write minimum 4 points.)

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ii.
Farsightedness Nearsightedness
a. This problem arises due to slight This problem arises due to slight
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flattening of the eyeball. elongation of the eyeball.
b. The curvature of the cornea and eye The curvature of the cornea and eye
lens decreases so that the converging lens increases so that the converging
power becomes less. power becomes more.
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c. The distance between the eye lens and The distance between the eye lens and
the retina decreases. the retina increases.
d. The near point of the eye shifts The far point of the eye shifts closer
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farther away from the eye. to eye.

e. A person suffering from this defect A person suffering from this defect
can see distant objects clearly but is can see nearby objects clearly but is
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unable to see nearby objects. unable to see distant objects.

f. It can be corrected by using It can be corrected by using
spectacles having convex lenses of spectacles having concave lenses of
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suitable focal length. suitable focal length.

[Any four points]

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(Note: In ‘Write the difference/ Distinguish’, students are expected to write minimum
4 independent points of differences between two components, in a tabular format.)

iii. Solution:
Heat absorbed by object A(QA) = mA cA TA
Heat absorbed by object B(QB) = mB cB TB
Given: QA = QB and mA = mB = 5 g.
Also, TA = 1 C and TB = 3 C
 cATA = cBTB
 cA = 3cB
Ans: This implies object A has more specific heat than object B by factor of 3.
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

iv.
Rarer to Denser Ray bends towards
i > r
medium the normal

Denser to Ray bends away

i<r
rarer from the normal

Rarer to Denser
OR i = r = 0 Ray passes normally
Denser to rarer

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v. a. Substitution reaction b. Esterification reaction

Q.3
i. a. The blue colour of the solution will turn to green in test tube A and copper coating

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will form on iron rail.
b. The reaction will not occur in test tube B because iron is more reactive than copper.
c. If copper sulphate solution in test tube A is replaced by magnesium nitrate

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solution then reaction will not occur as magnesium is more reactive than iron.

ii. Solution:
Given:
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Potential difference (V) = 220 V,
Power used at higher temperature (P1) = 1100 W,
Power used at lower temperature (P2) = 330 W.
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To find: a. Electric current (I1) at higher temperature.
b. Electric current (I2) at lower temperature.
c. Resistance (R1) at higher temperature
d. Resistance (R2) at lower temperature.
P

Formulae: a. P = VI b. V = IR
Calculation: For higher temperature,
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From formula (a),

P1 1100
I1 = = =5 A
V 220
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From formula (b),

R1 = V = 220 = 44 Ω
I1 5
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For lower temperature,

From formula (a),
P2 330 3
I2 = = = = 1.5 A
V 220 2
From formula (b),
220×2 440
R2 = V = 220 = 220 = = = 146.67 Ω
I2 1.5 3 / 2  3 3
Ans: a. Electric current at higher temperature is 5 A.
b. Electric current at lower temperature is 1.5 A.
c. Resistance at higher temperature is 44 .
d. Resistance at lower temperature is 146.67 .

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SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
iii. Depending on their functions, satellites are classified into following categories:
a. Weather satellite: These satellites are used to study and forecast weather
conditions on the earth.
b. Communication satellite: These satellites use specific waves to establish
communication between different locations in the world.
c. Broadcast satellite: These satellites are used to telecast different television
programs all over the world.
d. Navigational satellite: These satellites help in locating any place on earth’s surface
by fixing the location in terms of its precise latitude and longitude.
e. Military satellite: These satellites collect information for security aspects of

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nation.
f. Earth observation satellite: These satellites are used in the study of forests,
deserts, oceans, polar ice on Earth’s surface. These are also used in exploration
and management of natural resources. They also collect information which guides

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us in case of natural calamities like flood and earthquake.

iv. Oxidation is the process in which a substance gains oxygen or loses hydrogen.

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Reduction is the process in which a substance gains hydrogen or loses oxygen. The
reaction in which one reactant gets oxidised and the other reactant or the same
reactant gets reduced is called as oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction.
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Oxidation and reduction reactions always occur simultaneously.

v. a. Consider a stone thrown vertically upwards with initial velocity ‘u’. It reaches a
height ‘h’ before coming down.
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b. The kinematical equations of motion are given as,
v = u + at .…(1)
1 2
s = ut + at .…(2)
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2
v2  u2 = 2as .…(3)
c. For upward motion of the stone,
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a=g (negative sign indicates the direction of force is opposite to that of

velocity.)
v = 0 ( at the highest point velocity becomes zero).
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Substituting this in equation (1), the time t1 taken by the stone to reach the
maximum height is given as,
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0 = u  gt1
u
 t1 = ….(4)
g
Similarly, substituting the values of a and v in equation (3), the maximum height h
which the stone reaches is given as,
02  u2 = 2gh
u2
 h= ….(5)
2g
d. For downward motion of the stone,
a=g
u = 0 ( at maximum height, initial velocity is zero.)

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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 2

Substituting this in equation (2), the time t2 taken by the stone to reach the
maximum height is given as,
1 2
h=0+ gt
2 2
t22 2h
 =
g
2h
 t2 = ….(6)
g
e. Substituting equation (5) in (6),
2 u2 u
t2 =   t2 = ….(7)
g 2g g

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Thus, from equations (4) and (7), t1 = t2.
Hence, we can conclude that the time taken by the stone to go up is same as the time
taken to come down.

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vi.

Diagram of
Number of

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electronic Name of the Atomic Electronic
valence
configuration of element number configuration
electrons
atom
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Carbon 6 (2, 4) 4
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Magnesium 12 (2, 8, 2) 2
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SMART TIP
Each circle represents shell. The electrons in outermost circle are valence electrons.

vii. a. The given picture represents the electrochemical reaction taking place during the
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corrosion (rusting) of iron.

b. Different regions on the surface of iron become anode and cathode.
c. In the anode region, Fe is oxidized to Fe2+.
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Fe(s)  Fe2+(aq) + 2e−

d. The electron released in the anode region flow through the metal surface to the
cathode region where they reduce oxygen.
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In the cathode region, O2 is reduced to form water.

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e−  2H2O(l)
e. When Fe2+ ions migrate from the anode region, they react with water
(or OH− ions) and further get oxidized to Fe3+ ions.
f. Fe3+ ions form an insoluble hydrated oxide (Fe2O3.H2O), which is deposited as
reddish brown layer on the surface. It is called rust.
2Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l)  Fe2O3.H2O(s) + 6H+(aq)
Rust
viii. a. Convex lens b. Magnification
c. Iris d. Presbyopia
e. Astronomical telescope f. Persistence of vision
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Q.4 i. a. Carbon forms large number of compounds because of its two unique properties
catenation and tetravalency.
b. Benzene and cyclohexane are the two examples of carbon compounds having ring
structure.
c. Hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms are linked to each other by single bonds
is called saturated hydrocarbons.
E.g. Methane (CH4)
d. The IUPAC names of first two members of hydrocarbon which contain
carbon-carbon double bonds are ethene and propene.
e. The common name of ethyne is acetylene. Its molecular formula is C2H2.

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ii. Solution:
a. Given: Velocity in first medium (v1) = 3 × 108 m/s,
Velocity in second medium (v2) = 1.2 × 108 m/s
v 1.2 ×108

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2
 n1 = 2 = = 0.4
v1 3×108
1 1
Also, 1n2 = = = 2.5

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n1 0 .4
2

b. Given: Velocity in second medium (v2) = 2.25 × 108 m/s, Refractive index (2n1) = 4/3
v 2.25 × 10 8 × 3
 v1 = 2 2 = = 1.69  108 m/s
n1
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1 1 3
Also, 1n2 = = = = 0.75
n1
2
4/3 4
c. Given: Velocity in first medium (v1) = 2 × 108 m/s, Refractive index (1n2) = 1.5,
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Refractive index (2n1) = 0.67
v
As, 2n1 = 2
v1
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 v2 = 2n1  v1 = 0.67 2 108 = 1.34 108 m/s

Ans:
SMART TIP
Students can verify the answers by noting the fact that, for
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optically denser medium i.e., R.I. >1, the velocity of light is

lesser than that in the optically rarer medium.
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Velocity in first Velocity in second Refractive Refractive

medium (v1) medium (v2) index of second index of first
medium (1n2) medium (2n1)
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a. 3 × 108 m/s 1.2 × 108 m/s 2.5 0.4

b. 1.69 × 108 m/s 2.25 × 108 m/s 0.75 4/3
c. 2 × 108 m/s 1.34 × 108 m/s 1.5 0.67

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 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (C)
(A) ii. (B)

iii. (B)

iv. (B)

v. (D)

Q.1
i. True
(B)

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ii. IRNSS

iii.

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Element Group Period

a. Lithium 1. 1 ii. 2

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b. Aluminium 4. 13 iii. 3

iv. i
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: Light passes from : : Light passes from
r i
rarer medium to denser medium to
denser medium r rarer medium
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When light ray passes from rarer medium to denser medium, it bends towards the
normal whereas when light ray passes from denser medium to rarer medium, it bends
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away from the normal.

v. Nearsightedness or myopia
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Q.2 GM
i. a. The acceleration due to gravity (g) on earth’s surface is given as, g = .
(A) R2
The value of g depends on the mass M of the earth and the radius R of the
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earth.
b. As we go inside the earth, our distance from the centre of the earth decreases
and no longer remains equal to the radius of the earth (R).
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c. Along-with the distance, the part of the earth which contributes towards the
gravitational force felt also decreases, decreasing the value of (M).
d. Due to combined result of change in R and M, value of g becomes zero at the
centre of the earth.
ii. a. The rainbow appears in the sky after a rainfall.
b. Water droplets present in the atmosphere act as small prism.
c. When sunlight enters these water droplets it gets refracted and dispersed.
d. This dispersed light gets totally reflected inside the droplet and again is
refracted while coming out of the droplet.
e. As a combined effect of all these phenomena, the seven coloured rainbow is
observed.
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
iii. a. Carbon is a non-metal having atomic number 6.
b. The electronic configuration of carbon is (2, 4).
c. There are four electrons present in the outermost shell of a carbon atom. So, its
valency is 4.
Hence, carbon is a tetravalent atom.

Q.2 i.
(B) Sr. Size of Nature of the Magnification
Position of object
No. the image image (Negative or Positive)
a. Beyond 2F1 Small Real and inverted Negative

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b. Between F1 and O Very large Virtual and erect Positive

ii. a. Isotopes were discovered long time after Mendeleev developed the periodic table.

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b. All isotopes of the same element have different atomic masses but same atomic
number. They also have the same chemical properties.
c. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of their

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atomic masses such that chemically similar elements are placed together in a
group. So, it was difficult to place them in Mendeleev’s periodic table.
d. In modern periodic table, elements are arranged in increasing order of their
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atomic numbers. Hence, all the isotopes of an element occupy the same position in
the modern periodic table.

iii. Solution:
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Given: Potential difference (V) = 250 V,
Current (I) = 0.5 A
To find: Power (P)
P

Formula: P = VI
Calculation: From formula,
P = 250  0.5
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 P = 125 W
Ans: Power of electric bulb is 125 W.
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iv. Examples of homopolymers:

Polyethylene, polystyrene, teflon, polypropylene
v.
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Mass
a. Mass is the quantity of matter
contained in an object.
b. Mass remains same everywhere.
c. Mass is measured in kilogram (kg).
Weight
Weight is the force with which the
earth attracts an object.
Weight of a body keeps on changing
from place to place.
Weight is measured in newton (N).

d. Mass is a scalar quantity. Weight is a vector quantity.

e. Mass of an object can never be Weight of an object becomes zero at

zero. the centre of the earth.
[Any four points]
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3

Q.3 i. The extent of change in the direction of light ray is different for different media
and depends upon the refractive index of the medium. The value of refractive index
depends on the velocity of the light in the medium. The refractive index of second
medium with respect to the first is given by the ratio of the magnitude of velocity of
light in first medium (v1) to that in second medium (v2). Velocity of light in a medium
depends on the frequency of light and thus different colours travel with different
velocity in a medium. Therefore, refractive index of a medium is different for
different colours.

ii. a. The products are silver chloride (AgCl) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3).
b. The reaction is AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl  + NaNO3(aq)

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c. Yes, the reaction follows law of conservation of mass. There is no change in the
weight of the conical flask before and after the reaction.

iii.

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Fix location of any
IRNSS place Navigational

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INSAT and Weather study and
Weather
GSAT predict
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Study of forests,
deserts, oceans etc. Earth’s
IRS
Observation and observation
guidance in case of
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natural calamities

iv. a. In this method, the powdered bauxite ore is soaked in aqueous Na2CO3 which
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dissolves the main ingredient of ore, alumina to form soluble sodium aluminate.
The undissolved gangue that is left behind is filtered off.
Al2O32H2O(s) + Na2CO3(aq)  2NaAlO2(aq) + CO2  + 2H2O(l)
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Aluminium Sodium Sodium Carbon Water

oxide carbonate aluminate dioxide

b. The filtrate is warmed and neutralized by passing carbon dioxide through it

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resulting in the precipitation of aluminium hydroxide.

2NaAlO2(aq) + 3H2O(l) + CO2(g)  2Al(OH)3  + Na2CO3(aq)
Sodium Water Carbon Aluminium Sodium
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aluminate dioxide hydroxide carbonate

c. The precipitate of aluminium hydroxide obtained in the process is filtered, washed,

dried and calcined at 1000 °C to get pure alumina.
2Al(OH)3(s) 
heat
1000  C
Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
Aluminium Aluminium Water
hydroxide oxide vapour

v. Solution:
Given: Power (P) = + 1.5 D
To find: Focal length (f)
Formula: P = 1/f

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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Calculation: From formula,
1
f= SMART TIP
1.5 Note the unit of focal length is metre if power is
= +0.67 m measured in dioptres.

The prescribed lens is convex lens as the focal length is positive. Convex
lens has positive focal length and it is used for the correction of
farsightedness or hypermetropia. Thus, the defect in vision is
hypermetropia (farsightedness).
Ans: The prescribed lens is convex lens of focal length +0.67 m and the defect in
vision is hypermetropia (farsightedness).

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vi. Solution:
Given : Mass of copper block (mc) = 3.1 kg.
Change in temperature (T) = 520  20

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= 500 C.
Mass of ice melted (mice) = 1.8 kg.

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Latent heat of fusion of ice (Lmelt) = 333 kJ/kg
To find: Specific heat of copper (cc)
Formulae: i. Heat gained by copper block,
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Q1 = mc cc T
ii. Heat required to melt the ice, SMART TIP
There is no change in temperature
Q2 = mice(Lmelt)ice
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during melting of ice. Hence, T
Calculation: From formula (i), term is not considered while
Q1 = 3.1  cc  500 calculating heat required to melt the
ice.
= 1550 cc
P

From formula (ii),

Q2 = 1.8  333 kJ
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= 1.8  333  103 J

According to principle of heat exchange, Q1 = Q2
1550 cc = 1.8  333  103
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1.8 ×333 ×103

 cc = = 386.7 J/kg C
1550
Ans: Specific heat of copper is 386.7 J/kg C.
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vii. Labelled diagram:

Powdered ore
Magnetic roller Nonmagnetic roller

Nonmagnetic ingredient
Conveyer belt
Magnetic
Collector ingredient
Collector

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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 3

Explanation:
a. The magnetic separation process is based on the differences in magnetic
properties of the ore particles.
b. This machine consists of a nonmagnetic conveyor belt moving over two rollers, one
of which is magnetic in nature while other is nonmagnetic. Two collector vessels
are placed below magnetic roller.
c. Powdered ore is released over the belt near nonmagnetic roller. The nonmagnetic
particles of ore are carried further with belt and fall in the collector vessel which
is placed away from magnetic roller. At the same time, the magnetic particles of
the ore are attracted by the magnetic roller and fall in the collector vessel near
the magnetic roller.

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viii.
Name of the Structural formula of the Name of the functional
compound compound group

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H O H
Propanone H–C–C–C–H Ketone

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H H
H
Methanol
lic H–C–O–H Alcohol

H
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H
Methanal Aldehyde
H–C=O

SMART TIP
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Suffix: one – ketone, ol – alcohol, al – aldehyde

Q.4 i. Corrected labelled diagram of electric generator (AC):

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Magnetic field
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B Coil C
N S

A D
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SMART TIP B1 R1
The major difference Carbon
Conducting
between diagrams of brushes
ring
AC and DC generators B2
R2
is the number of
conducting/split rings. SMART TIP
Axle
There should be two Electric generators
rings present in the produce electricity which
circuit for it to is measured using
function as an AC G galvanometer whereas,
generator. electric motors need a
battery as a source to
perform mechanical
work.

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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Construction: The main components of A.C. generator are:
a. Rectangular coil: A large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound on iron
core in rectangular shape forms a coil ABCD as shown in figure.
b. Strong magnets: The coil is placed in between two pole pieces (N and S) of a
strong magnet. This provides a strong magnetic field.
c. Rings: The two ends of the coil are connected to two rings R1 and R2. These rings
rotate along with the coil.
d. Brushes: Two carbon brushes B1 and B2 are used to press the rings.
e. Axle: The two rings have resistive coating in their inner surfaces and are
tightly fitted on the axle and the function of the axle is to rotate with the

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coil.
Working:
a. When the axle is rotated with the help of a machine from outside, the coil ABCD
starts rotating.

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b. On rotating the axle, the branch AB move upwards and branch CD move downwards
hence coil ABCD rotates clockwise.

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c. According to Fleming’s right hand rule, electric current flows in the direction
ABCD. Therefore, current flows from B2 to B1 in the external circuit
through galvanometer.
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d. After half rotation, the branch AB and CD exchange their position and the
induced current flows as DCBA.
e. Since, branch BA is in contact with brush B1 and branch DC is in contact with B2,
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current flow from B1 to B2 in the external circuit i.e., in the direction opposite to the
previous half rotation.
f. This repeats after every half rotation and in this way, alternate current is
produced using AC generator.
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(Note: In ‘Correct the diagram and explain’, students are expected to draw a new
corrected labelled diagram and write a detailed explanation.)
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ii. a. G is an inert gas (Neon) because its electronic configuration is (2, 8).
b. F is a halogen (chlorine) because its atomic number is 17 and electronic configuration is
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(2, 8, 7).
c. A, B and C are metals.
d. B with atomic number 11 will have electronic configuration (2, 8, 1). It will lose one
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electron. F with atomic number 17 will have electronic configuration (2, 8, 7).
It will gain one electron.
 Compound formed will have formula BF.
e. Electronic configuration of C = (2, 8, 2) and that of E = (2, 6).

SMART TIP
Write down electronic configurations of all. Based on electronic configuration, one can predict if the
element is inert gas (complete octet), halogen (7 valence electrons) or metals (1, 2 or 3 valence
electrons). It helps to predict formula when metal and non-metal combine.

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 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (D)
(A)
ii. (B)

iii. (D)

iv. (C)

v. (B)

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Q.1
i. White colour
(B)
ii. Column I Column II
SMART TIP

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Note that, specific latent heat
a. Specific latent heat 2. cal/g corresponds to change of state
b. Heat 3. J which occurs at constant

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temperature.
iii. False.
The gravitational force acting on two bodies will not be affected when they are
dipped in water.
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iv. The first artificial satellite : Sputnik :: The first Indian satellite : Aryabhatta.
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v. Halogens

Q.2
(A) i. a. Fuel in the launch vehicle forms the major part of the total weight of the launch
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vehicle.
b. Thus, the vehicle has to carry large amount of weight in the form of fuel with
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it.
c. For the launch vehicles with more than one stage, the fuel in the first stage is
used to give the initial thrust to the vehicle. After this fuel is exhausted, the
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empty fuel tank along with the engine is detached from the main body of the
vehicle. This reduces weight of the vehicle step by step.
Hence, it is beneficial to use satellite launch vehicles made of more than one stage.
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ii. a. Carbon is a tetravalent atom with the property of catenation. Thus, it forms
compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in the form of straight chains,
branched chains or rings.
b. It can form single and multiple covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.
c. Carbon is tetravalent. Thus, it can form four covalent bonds with carbon or other
elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and phosphorus.
d. One more characteristics of carbon, which is responsible for large number of
carbon compounds is isomerism.
Hence, carbon forms a large number of compounds.
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
iii. a. The retina in our eyes is made of different cells viz., rod-shaped and
cone-shaped.
b. The rod shaped cells respond to intensity of light and send the information to brain.
While cone shaped cells send information of different colours of light to the brain.
c. Rod like cells are sensitive to faint light, whereas, the conical cells do not respond
to faint light.
Hence, one can sense colours only in bright light.

Q.2
i. a. Study missions planned for establishing artificial satellites in the earth’s orbit,
(B)
using it for research or for the benefit of life, or sending spacecraft to the

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various components of the solar system or outside are called as space expeditions.
b. Need and importance of these space expeditions is as follows:
1. Due to space expeditions accessing internet is very easy. As a result, world has

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come closer. It has become possible to contact a person in any part of the world
or collect any information within seconds.

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2. Use of satellites can give us advance alerts about various natural calamities, so
that, we can take proper precautions and reduce the damage.
3. During war, the aerial surveillance can be used to get information about the
actions of enemies.
lic
4. Due to space expeditions, it is also possible to explore the fossil reserves and
minerals in the earth.
ub
ii. Solution:
Given: Velocity of light in first medium (v1) = 2.8  108 m/s,
Velocity of light in second medium (v2) = 1.4  108 m/s
P

To find: Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium (1n2)
1 v1
Formula: n2 =
v2
et

Calculation: From formula,

1 2.8  108
n2 =
rg

1.4  108
1
 n2 = 2
Ans: Refractive index of second medium with respect to first medium is 2.
Ta

iii. Sr.
Metals Nonmetals
No.
a. Generally, metals form basic or Generally, nonmetals form acidic or
amphoteric oxides. neutral oxides.
b. Metals such as Na, K, Ca, Al, Fe, etc. Nonmetals generally do not react
displace hydrogen from water or steam. with water.
c. Metals which are highly reactive and Nonmetals generally do not displace
displace hydrogen from dilute acids. hydrogen from dilute acids.
d. Metals have strong tendency to lose Nonmetals have strong tendency to
electrons and hence, they behave as accept electrons and hence, they
reductants. behave as oxidants.
14
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4

iv. Characteristics of homologous series:
a. The general molecular formula of all the compounds in the series is the same.
b. All the members have the same functional group.
c. Consecutive members of the series differ from one another by CH2 unit
(methylene group), and their molecular mass differs by 14 u.
d. Physical properties like melting point, boiling point, density, etc., generally show a
gradual change with increase in molecular mass in the series.
e. Chemical properties of the members of the series show similarity because of the
presence of the same functional group in them.
[Any four points]

ns
v. Solution:
Given: Potential difference (V) = 220 V, Power of bulb 1 (P1) = 50 W,
Power of bulb 2 (P2) = 60 W,

io
To find: Total current (I)
Formulae: a. P = VI b. I = I1 + I2
Calculation: Since both the bulbs are connected in parallel, the potential difference

at
will be same.
From formula (a),
P1 50 P 60
I1 =
V
=
lic
220
A, I2 = 2 =
V 220
A

From formula (b),

Total current is given by,
ub
50 60 50 + 60
I= + =
220 220 220
110 1
 I= =
220 2
P

 I = 0.5 A
Ans: The total current flowing in the main conductor is 0.5 A.
et

Q.3
i. Solution:
Given: Mass of steam (ms) = 80 g, Change in temperature (T) = 97  0 = 97 C
rg

We know that: Latent heat of melting of ice = Lmelt = 80 cal/g

Latent heat of vaporisation of water = Lvap = 540 cal/g
Specific heat of water cw = 1 cal /g C
Ta

To find: a. Energy transferred (Q)

b. Mass of ice that melts (mi)
Formulae: a. Heat released during conversion of steam into water at 97 C
(Q1) = ms  Lvap
b. Heat released during decrease of temperature of water from
97 C to 0 C (Q2) = ms  cw  T
c. Heat gained by ice (Q) = mi  Lmelt
Calculation: From formula (a),
Q1 = 80  540 cal
From formula (b),
Q2 = 80  1  (97 – 0) = 80  97 cal
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SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
According to principle of heat exchange,
Total heat gained by ice
Q = Q1 + Q2
= 80  540 + 80  97
= 80  (540 + 97)
= 80  637
= 50960 cal
This energy would cause mi mass of ice to melt,
From formula (c),
 mi  Lmelt = 50960
50960 80 × 637

ns
 mi = = = 637 g
80 80
Ans: Energy transferred to ice is 50960 cal and it will melt 637 g of ice.

ii. a. A chemical equation in which the number of atoms of the elements in the

io
reactants is same as the number of atoms of those elements in the products is
called a balanced chemical equation.

at
b. It is written by using the symbols and the formulae of the reactants and products.
The reactants are written on the left hand side of the arrow and products are
written on the right hand side of arrow.
lic
c. A balanced chemical equation is in accordance the law of conservation of mass.
d. Unbalanced equation is balanced by applying proper factors to appropriate
reactants or products.
E.g. NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
ub
The above reaction is an unbalanced equation.
The above equation can be balanced by applying a factor of ‘2’ to NaOH and H2O.
Thus, the equation is
P

2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O

iii. Diagram:
et

N1 N2 e Emergent ray
Incident ray i
from a bulb X Air Z
rg

r1 Normal r
r1 r
2
Water
Ta

Y
Plane mirror
Explanation:
a. Light ray is incident from air at point X and enters water.
b. Water being optically denser than air, light ray bends towards normal (N1) such
that i  r1.
c. Refracted ray travels along straight line path in water and reaches point Y on the
plane mirror at the bottom.
d. Mirror reflects the light according to laws of reflection. Hence, r1 = r2.
e. Reflected ray travels along straight line path in water and reaches point Z at
surface of water.
f. As it enters air, it bends away from normal (N2) such thatr2  e.
16
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 4

iv. Labelled diagram:

Air Froth
supply Concentrated
sulphide ore

Bubbles

Water and
pine oil

Gangue
Agitator

ns
Froth floatation method
Explanation:
a. The froth floatation process is based on two opposite properties of the particles,
hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

io
b. The metal sulphide particles are hydrophobic. Due to this property, they get
wetted mainly with oil. On the other hand, gangue particles are hydrophilic and
get wetted by water.

at
c. In this method, the finely divided metal ore is added in a big tank containing large
amount of water. To this, certain vegetable oil (pine oil, eucalyptus oil, etc.) is added for
the formation of froth.
lic
d. In the tank, compressed air is circulated through the water. Bubbles are formed due to
this blown air. A rotating agitator at the centre of the floatation tank agitates the
mixture and draws air into it to form bubbles. As a result, foam is formed which carries
ub
metal sulphide particles. The foam rises to the surface of water and floats. Therefore,
this method is called froth floatation process.
e. This method is used to separate metal sulphide ores such as zinc blende (ZnS) and
copper pyrite (CuFeS2).
P

v.
Reaction Reductant Oxidant
et

CuO + H2  Cu + H2O H2 CuO

Mg + O2  2MgO Mg O2
Fe + S  FeS Fe S
rg

SMART TIP
Reductant gains O or any other electronegative atom. Oxidant
losses O or gains any electropositive atoms.
Ta

vi. A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and diminished image of a given object.
a. Consider an object AB placed between F1 and
2F1 in front of a concave lens. Q
b. The incident ray AP is parallel to the principal A P
axis. After refraction it travels along path A
PQ. When PQ is extended backwards, it
passes through focus F1. 2F1 B F1 B O F2
c. Now, the incident ray AO passes undeviated
through optical centre O. This ray meets the
backward extension of ray PQ at A i.e., A is
the image of A.
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
d. As point B lies on principal axis, its image B will lie on principal axis beneath the
point A.
In this way, AB, the virtual, erect and diminished image of object AB is formed by a
concave lens.
vii. Carbon compounds contain many elements. The compounds which contain carbon and
hydrogen as the only two elements are called hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the
simplest and the fundamental organic compounds. The smallest hydrocarbon is
methane formed by combination of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Ethane
having molecular formula C2H6, is an example of saturated hydrocarbon. Ethene (C2H4)
and ethyne (C2H2) are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

ns
viii. a. From the given diagram, we understand Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
b. Kepler’s second law: The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in
equal intervals of time.

io
c. At point P, the velocity of the planet will be maximum.

Q.4
i. a. Elements ‘H’ and ‘C’ are metalloids.

at
b. Elements ‘G’ and ‘B’ belong to d-block.
c. Element ‘D’ is more electronegative than element ‘C’ as the electronegativity
decreases while moving down a group.
lic
d. The molecular formula of the product formed is AI2.
e. Element ‘I’ has the highest nonmetallic character among ‘A’, ‘D’ and ‘I’.
ii. a. The flow of a large amount of current in the circuit beyond the permissible value
ub
(of current) is called overloading.
b. The effects of overloading can be avoided by not connecting many appliances
(especially of high power rating) at a time in the circuit.
P

c. No, overloading and short circuiting are not same. Short circuiting takes place
when a live wire and a neutral wire come in direct contact with each other.
d. During a short circuit, the resistance of the circuit becomes very small.
et

e. A huge amount of current flows through the circuit during a short circuit.
rg
Ta

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 Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5
Science and Technology Part – 1
Q.1 i. (C)
(A) ii. (D)
iii. (A)
iv. (B)
v. (C)

Q.1 i. Mass.
(B)
ii.

ns
Column I Column II

a.  1. Alternating current

io
b. 3. battery

iii. True

at
iv. 0 C : Melting point of ice :: 100 C : Boiling point of water
v. NH4Cl
lic
(Note: In ’Give molecular formula’ students are expected to write only the molecular
formula.)
ub
Q.2 i. Space debris:
(A)
In space non-essential objects revolving around the earth are termed as the debris in
space. Reasons behind space-debris management:
P

a. Space debris can be harmful to the artificial satellites.

b. It can collide with these satellites or spacecrafts and damage them.
et

c. As a result, the future of artificial satellites or spacecrafts are in danger.

d. It also makes difficult to launch new spacecrafts or artificial satellite.
rg

ii. a. Copper and aluminium contain large number of free electrons.

b. These free electrons can move throughout conductor easily.
Ta

c. This results into copper and aluminium having low values of resistivity.
d. Thus, copper and aluminium are good conductors of electricity and offer low
resistance to the flow of current.
Hence, aluminium and copper are used for electric power transmission.

iii. a. The rate of a chemical reaction depends upon the size of the reactant particles
taking part in the reaction.
b. Smaller the size of the reactant particles, higher is the rate of reaction.
c. The size of reactant particles is more in pieces of Shahabad tile as compared to
powder of Shahabad tile.

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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
d. When HCl is added to pieces of Shahabad tile, the CO2 effervescence is formed
slowly. However, when HCl is added to Shahabad powder, the CO2 effervescence is
formed at a faster rate.
Hence, it takes time for pieces of Shahabad tile to disappear in HCl, but its powder
disappears rapidly.

SMART TIP
Particles having smaller size have greater surface area overall. Hence, more particles are avaialabe
for reaction.

ns
io
2 2 2 2
Area = 6  1m = 6 m Area = 6  (1/2m)  8 = 12 m

at
lic 2
Area = 6  (1/3m)  27 = 18 m
2
ub
Q.2
i.
(B) Ethene
SMART TIP
Propene The first member of alkene (and
P

alkyne) homologous series has 2

Homologous
carbon atoms while the first
series of alkenes 1-Butene member of alkane homologous
et

series has 1 carbon atom.

1-Pentene
rg

ii. a. In summer, the air near the hot road or desert surface has very high
temperature and hence it becomes lighter than the cool air above it.
b. As, the density of air goes on decreasing with increase in height above the
Ta

surface, the refractive index of air increases.

c. Hence, the direction of light rays coming from a distant object keeps changing
according to laws of refraction.
d. This makes the light rays coming from distant object appear to come from an
image of the object inside the ground as shown in the figure. This is called mirage.
e. Thus, formation of mirage is the effect of changing refractive index in the
atmosphere.
f. An illusion of the appearance of water on a hot road or in a desert is an example
of mirage.

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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

iii. Demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table:
a. The whole number atomic mass of the elements cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) is the
same, that is, 59. Therefore, there was an ambiguity regarding the sequence of
these elements in the Mendeleev’s periodic table.
b. Isotopes were discovered long time after Mendeleev developed the periodic
table. Isotopes have same chemical properties but different atomic masses.
Therefore, isotopes could not be given a proper place in Mendeleev’s periodic
table.
c. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements are arranged in an increasing order of
atomic masses. However, the rise in atomic mass is not uniform. Hence, it was not

ns
possible to predict the number of elements that could be discovered between two
heavy elements.
d. No fixed position was given to hydrogen in Mendeleev’s periodic table because it

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resembled alkali metals (group I) as well as halogens (group VII).

iv.

at
High earth orbits Low earth orbits
a. Height from the earth’s surface for Height from the earth’s surface for
lic
these orbits is greater than or equal these orbits is between 180 km and
to 35780 km. 2000 km.
b. Satellites revolving in these orbits Satellites revolving in these orbits
ub
take around 24 hours to complete take around 90 minutes to complete
one revolution around the earth. one revolution around the earth.
c. The satellites revolving in these The satellites revolving in these
orbits appear stationary with orbits do not appear stationary with
P

respect to earth. respect to earth.

d. Satellites revolving in these orbits Satellites revolving in these orbits
et

can be used for carrying signals for can be used for scientific
telephone, television etc. and also in experiments and atmospheric
the applications like meteorology. studies.
rg

Examples: Geostationary satellites Examples: International space

revolving parallel to equator of the station and Hubble telescope
earth revolve in these orbits. revolve in these orbits.
Ta

v. Solution:
SMART TIP
Given: f1 = f2 = 60 cm = 0.6 m To calculate power in dioptre,
note that focal length must be
To find: Power of combination (P)
converted from ‘cm’ to ‘m’.
1 1 1
Formula: P= = +
f f1 f2

Calculation: From formula,

1 1 10
P=  = = 3.3 D
0.6 0.6 3
Ans: Power of combination is 3.3 D.
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SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
Q.3 i. Solution:
Given: Height (s) = 320 m,
acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m/s2
To find: a. Initial velocity (u),
b. Total time taken
Formulae: a. v2 = u2 + 2 as
1
b. s = ut + at2
2
Calculation: For upward motion of the ball, v = 0.
a = –g = –10 m/s2

ns
From formula (a),
0 = u2 + 2 (–10)  320
 u2 = 6400

io
 u = 80 m/s
For downward motion of the ball, u = 0.
a = g = 10 m/s2

at
From formula (b),
1
320 = 0 +  10 t2
2
320
lic
 t2 = = 64
5
 t=8s
ub
Time for upward journey of the ball will be the same as time for
downward journey i.e., 8 s.
 Total time taken = 2  t = 2  8 = 16 s
Ans: a. The initial velocity of the object is 80 m/s.
P

b. The total time taken by the object to reach the height and come down is
16 s.
et

ii.
Retina
Ciliary muscles
rg

Iris
Ta

Functions:
a. Iris: Iris controls the amount of light entering the eye by contracting and
widening the pupil.
b. Ciliary muscles: They help the eye lens to adjust the focal length depending on
the distance of the object by contracting or relaxing.
c. Retina: It is the screen inside the human eye which contains light sensitive cells.
Image of an object is formed on this screen.
22
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

iii. a. Electroplating is the process in which a less reactive metal is coated on a more
reactive metal by electrolysis.
b. Corrosion of metallic articles can be prevented by isolating them from direct
contact with air and moisture.
This can be done by:
1. Applying layer of paint, oil, grease or varnish on metal surface
2. Galvanising, tinning, anodising
3. Alloying, etc.

iv. Solution:

ns
Given: Power (P) = 1100 W = 1.1 kW,
Time (t) = 2 hour
To find: Expense of using electric iron in April month

io
Formulae: a. Energy = Power  time
b. Electrical consumption expenses = Energy consumed
 charges per unit

at
Calculation: From formula (a),
Energy consumed in one day = 1.1  2 = 2.2 kWh

lic
Energy consumed in the month of April (i.e. 30 days) will be,
Energy = 2.2  30 = 66 kWh = 66 unit ....( 1 kWh = 1 unit)
From formula (b),
ub
Electrical consumption expenses SMART TIP
Note the conversion of ‘kWh’ to ‘units’.
= 66  5 = Rs 330
Ans: The expense of using iron for 2 hr daily in the month of April is Rs 330.
P

v. a. The substances taking part in chemical reaction are called reactants.

b. The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction by formation of new
et

bonds are called products.

c. Examples:
1. Formation of carbon dioxide gas by combustion of coal in air is a chemical reaction.
rg

In this reaction, coal (carbon) and oxygen (from air) are the reactants while carbon
dioxide is the product.
2. Decomposition of calcium carbonate by heating to form calcium oxide and carbon
Ta

dioxide is a chemical reaction. In this reaction, calcium carbonate is the reactant

while calcium oxide and carbon dioxide are the products.
vi. a. Specific heat of a substance can be studied using this procedure.
b. The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of an
object by 1 C is called its specific heat.
c. According to the principle of heat exchange:
Heat energy lost by the hot object = Heat energy gained by the cold object
In this activity heat absorbed by iron sphere is transmitted more in the wax,
hence sphere goes deepest in to wax. While lead sphere absorbs less heat,
resulting in less transmission of heat in the wax hence sphere goes the least
depth in the wax.
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 
SSC 54 Question Papers and
Activity Sheets with Solutions
vii. a. Roasting
b. Froth floatation method
c. Leaching
d. Electrolytic reduction
e. Calcination
f. Magnetic separation method
viii.
Element Atomic No. Electronic configuration Type of element

Aluminium 13 2,8,3 Metal

ns
Silicon 14 2,8,4 Metalloid

Phosphorus 15 2,8,5 Nonmetal

Sulphur 16 2,8,6 Nonmetal

io
Chlorine 17 2,8,7 Nonmetal

at
Q.4
i. a. When a ray of light enters a rarer medium from a denser medium, it gets
partially reflected i.e., part of the light gets reflected and comes back into
lic
the denser medium obeying the laws of reflection. This is called partial
reflection.
b. The rest of the light gets refracted and goes into the rarer medium. As light is
ub
going from denser to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal i.e., the angle
of incidence (i) is smaller than the angle of refraction (r).
c. According to Snell’s law, the refractive index of the material is constant. Hence,
P

on increasing the angle of incidence the angle of refraction (r) increases.

d. For a particular value of i for which, the value of r becomes equal to 90, is called the
critical angle.
et

For i = critical angle = ic, r = 90

2 sin ic
n1 = = sin ic ....( sin 90 = 1)
sin 90°
rg

e. For angles of incidence larger than the critical angle, the angle of refraction is
larger than 90. Such rays return to the denser medium as shown in the figure.
Ta

Thus, all the incident light gets reflected back into the denser medium. This is
called total internal reflection.
Refracted Rays

Air
r r r = 90 Medium 2

Water i ic
i i > ic Total internal
reflection
Partial reflection Medium 1
O
Light source
Partial reflection, Critical angle and total internal
reflection
24
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Model Activity Sheet Solution - 5

ii. Classification of hydrocarbons based on carbon-carbon bonds:

Hydrocarbons

Saturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Alkanes
Alkene Alkynes
Explanation:
a. Hydrocarbons: They contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
b. Saturated hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons which contain only single bonds between

ns
carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with general formula: CnH2n+2.
For example, methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), etc.
c. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons which contain at least one double or
triple bond between carbon atoms. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated

io
hydrocarbons.
d. Alkenes: Alkenes contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The general

at
formula: CnH2n. For example, ethene (C2H4), propene (C3H6), etc.
e. Alkynes: Alkynes contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. The general
formula: CnH2n-2. For example, ethyne (C2H2), propyne (C3H4), etc.
lic
P ub
et
rg
Ta

25