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Key Symbols and Abbreviations

(a · b) Dot product of vectors a and b; aTb ILP Integer linear programming
c(x) Gradient of cost function, ∇f(x) KKT Karush–Kuhn–Tucker
f(x) Cost function to be minimized LP Linear programming
gj(x) jth inequality constraint MV-OPT Mixed variable optimization problem
hi(x) ith equality constraint NLP Nonlinear programming
m Number of inequality constraints PSO Particle swarm optimization
n Number of design variables QP Quadratic programming
p Number of equality constraints RBDO Reliability-based design optimization
x Design variable vector of dimension n SA Simulated annealing
xi ith component of design variable vector x SLP Sequential linear programming
x(k) kth design variable vector SQP Sequential quadratic programming
ACO Ant colony optimization TS Traveling salesman (salesperson)
BBM Branch-and-bound method
CDF Cumulative distribution function
CSD Constrained steepest descent Note: A superscript “*” indicates (1) optimum value for a
DE Differential evolution; Domain elimination variable, (2) advanced material section, and (3) a project-­
GA Genetic algorithm type exercise.

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