Learning - Adverbial Clauses

Adverbial clauses
›The Williams Sisters
21
Wimbledon, tennis capital of the world, may never see anything like it again: the
Williams sisters,Venus and Serena, fighting it out in Centre Court for the women’s
singles championship in July 2008. When they had met here before in 2002 and 2003,
Serena beat her older sister both times, but not that day as Venus showed once again
that Wimbledon was her favorite court. Venus returned to defend her championship,
glowing with a confidence that she might not have elsewhere. When she plays on grass,
at 6’1” tall, she covers a lot of air and space at the net. After she won, there were none
of Venus’ usual leaps in the air because she had beaten her sister. But the joy was there
since it was clearly Venus’ day.
22
Use an adverb clause to show time relationships.
when = at that time
23
when = at that time
They had met here before in 2002 and 2003

when Serena beat her older sister both times.
24
when = at that time

When did Serena beat

her older sister?
25
when = at that time

When did Serena beat In 2002 and 2003.

her older sister?
26
as = during that time
When they had met here before in 2002 and 2003,

Serena beat her older sister both times, but not today
as Venus showed once again that Wimbledon was her
favorite court.
27

favorite court.
When?
28

favorite court.
When? Today, during the tennis

match.
29
after = to introduce the action that

happened first
30

happened first
After she won, there were none of Venus’

usual leaps in the air.
31

happened first
1 2
After she won, there were none of Venus’
usual leaps in the air.
32
Practice 1 - Look at the time relationships in each pair of
sentences. Combine the sentences into one using the words
in parentheses.
1. The Williams sisters had played each other many times

before. They met in the finals at Wimbledon in 2008. (when)
2. Venus started to feel more confident. She started to play

better. (as)
3. Serena started to get upset. She started to lose. (when)
4. Venus won. She was excited but kind to her sister. (after)
5. They played the final singles match in the morning. The

Williams sisters won the doubles final in the afternoon. (after)
33
Use an adverb clause to show cause and effect.
34
because give a reason, or express

= a known cause
since
35
because give a reason, or express

= a known cause
since
Because she is over 6’1”, she can cover a lot

of ground very quickly.
36
After she won, there were none of Venus

because
usual leaps in the air since shegive
had abeaten
reason, or express
= a known cause
her sister. since
Because she is over 6’1”, she can cover a lot

of ground very quickly.
37
Practice 2 - Look at the cause and effect relationships in each pair of
sentences. Then combine them into one sentence using either because or
since.
1. Two sisters were competing against each other for the

singles championship. The attention of the sports world
was focused on Wimbledon in July 2008.
2. Serena beat Venus in 2002 and 2003. Venus fought

even harder in 2008.
3. Venus was more subdued in victory that usual. Venus

had beaten her sister.
4. Still, Venus was joyful. It had clearly been Venus’ day

all the way.
38
Venus and Serena Williams grew up in Compton, California in a poor neighborhood.
Even though the tennis courts in the parks near their home were in shabby condition,
their father took them out to practice every day. If the tennis courts had any nets at all,
they were made of steel – like a chain-link fence. Even though he was still teaching
himself about tennis from books and videos, Mr. Williams began hitting balls to his
daughters on the city tennis courts. Whether or not it seemed possible to anyone
else, Richard Williams taught his girls that they would become world champions. And
even if his attitude struck some people as too cocky, it turned out that he was right!
Both of his daughters are world-class tennis champions today.
39
Use even though when the results are
unexpected.
because = expected results
40
unexpected.

Because the tennis courts in the parks were in
shabby condition, most people didn’t play on them.
41
unexpected.

even though = unexpected results
42
unexpected.

even though = unexpected results

Even though the tennis courts in the parks near
their home were in shabby condition, their father
Richard took them out to practice every day.
43
unexpected.
Were the courts in good condition?
44
unexpected.
Were the courts in good condition? NO
Is it normal to play on courts that have

holes in the ground or don’t have nets?
45
unexpected.
Is it normal to play on courts that have NO

Did the Williams sister practice on the
courts anyway?
46
unexpected.
Is it normal to play on courts that have NO

Did the Williams sister practice on the YES
courts anyway?
Unexpected result, so use even though.
47
unexpected.
Even though the tennis courts in the parks near

their home were in shabby condition, their father
Richard took them
Unexpected out toso
result, practice everythough.
use even day even
before they started grammar school.
48
Practice 3
Complete the sentences with even though or because.
One sentence has two answers.
1. _____________ the family grew up poor, they still

dreamed of becoming world famous tennis players.
2. ____________ he didn’t know much about the sport ,their

father started reading books about tennis.
3. He made the girls practice every day ___________

they were very young.
4. Mr. Williams’ confidence in his daughters was justified

______________ they both became world champions.
5. ____________ many people did not believe it could

happen, today the Williams sisters are world champions!
49
Practice 3
1. _____________
Even though the family grew up poor, they still
2. ____________ he didn’t know much about the sport ,their




50
Practice 3
1. _____________
Because
2. ____________
Even though he didn’t know much about the sport ,their



51
Practice 3
1. _____________
Because
2. ____________

even though


52
Practice 3
1. _____________
Because
2. ____________

even though

______________
because they both became world champions.

53
Practice 3
1. _____________
Because
2. ____________

even though

______________
because they both became world champions.
5. ____________
Even though many people did not believe it could
54
Use adverb clauses to express conditions.
Whether or not = neither of two conditions

matters
Whether or not it seemed possible to anyone else,

Richard Williams taught his girls that they would
become world champions.
55
Whether or not = neither of two conditions

matters
Whether or not it seemed possible to anyone else,

Richard Williams taught his girls that they would
become world champions.
Neither opinion mattered to Richard and

his daughters.
56
even if = a particular condition doesn’t matter
57
And even if his attitude struck some people

as too cocky, it turned out that he was right!
58
And even if his attitude struck some people

as too cocky, it turned out that he was right!
Some people thought his attitude was too

cocky, but it didn’t matter because he was right
in the end.
59
Practice 4
Which sentence has the same meaning (a. or b.)?
1. Whether or not they had to play against each other, both girls were
going to try their hardest to win at Wimbledon.
a. They would only try hard if they played against each other.
b. They would try hard in every game.
60
Practice 4
1. Whether or not they had to play against each other, both girls were
going to try their hardest to win at Wimbledon.
a. They would only try hard if they played against each other.
b. They would try hard in every game.
61
Practice 4
2. Even if the tennis courts are in bad shape,

we’ll play our match.
a. We don’t care if the courts are bad. We’ll play

anyway.
b. We’re not going to play if the courts are bad.
62
Practice 4
2. Even if the tennis courts are in bad shape,

we’ll play our match.
a. We don’t care if the courts are bad. We’ll play

anyway.
b. We’re not going to play if the courts are bad.
63
Practice 4
3. Whether or not it rains, the tennis at

Wimbledon goes on.
a. If it rains, they’ll play, and if it doesn’t rain, they’ll

play.
b. If it doesn’t rain, they’ll play.
64
Practice 4
3. Whether or not it rains, the tennis at

Wimbledon goes on.
a. If it rains, they’ll play, and if it doesn’t rain, they’ll

play.
b. If it doesn’t rain, they’ll play.
65
CREDITS
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education and

its licensors. All rights reserved.
Images used under license from:

Shutterstock, Inc.
66

Learning - Adverbial Clauses

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Learning - Adverbial Clauses

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Adverbial clauses

›The Williams Sisters

when = at that time

when = at that time

They had met here before in 2002 and 2003

when = at that time

They had met here before in 2002 and 2003

When did Serena beat

when = at that time

They had met here before in 2002 and 2003

When did Serena beat In 2002 and 2003.

as = during that time

When they had met here before in 2002 and 2003,

as = during that time

When they had met here before in 2002 and 2003,

as = during that time

When they had met here before in 2002 and 2003,

When? Today, during the tennis

after = to introduce the action that

after = to introduce the action that

After she won, there were none of Venus’

after = to introduce the action that

1. The Williams sisters had played each other many times

2. Venus started to feel more confident. She started to play

3. Serena started to get upset. She started to lose. (when)

5. They played the final singles match in the morning. The

because give a reason, or express

because give a reason, or express

Because she is over 6’1”, she can cover a lot

After she won, there were none of Venus

Because she is over 6’1”, she can cover a lot

1. Two sisters were competing against each other for the

2. Serena beat Venus in 2002 and 2003. Venus fought

3. Venus was more subdued in victory that usual. Venus

4. Still, Venus was joyful. It had clearly been Venus’ day

because = expected results

because = expected results

because = expected results

even though = unexpected results

because = expected results

even though = unexpected results

Were the courts in good condition?

Were the courts in good condition? NO

Is it normal to play on courts that have

Were the courts in good condition? NO

Is it normal to play on courts that have NO

Were the courts in good condition? NO

Is it normal to play on courts that have NO

Unexpected result, so use even though.

Even though the tennis courts in the parks near

1. _____________ the family grew up poor, they still

2. ____________ he didn’t know much about the sport ,their

3. He made the girls practice every day ___________

4. Mr. Williams’ confidence in his daughters was justified

5. ____________ many people did not believe it could

2. ____________ he didn’t know much about the sport ,their

3. He made the girls practice every day ___________

4. Mr. Williams’ confidence in his daughters was justified

5. ____________ many people did not believe it could

3. He made the girls practice every day ___________

4. Mr. Williams’ confidence in his daughters was justified

5. ____________ many people did not believe it could

3. He made the girls practice every day ___________