Scope of Mechanics

Engineering Mechanics

Solids Fluids

Rigid Deformable ideal

Bodies Bodies
Theory of elasticity viscous
Static Dynamics
s
Strength of Materials compressible
Kinetic Kinematics
s Theory of Plasticity

Mechanics = Science which describes and predicts the conditions at rest or motion of bodies
under the action of forces.

Rigid Body = definite amount of matter the parts of which are fixed in position relative to one
another.

Mass = invariant property of a body which measures its resistance to a change of motion

Force = action exerted by one body upon another

Characteristics
1. Magnitude
2. Position of line of action
3. Direction (sense)

Principle of transmissibility
External Effect = force on a rigid body is the same for all points of application along its line of
action.
A
F

Axioms of Mechanics
1. Parallelogram Law = The resultant of two forces is the diagonal formed on the vector of
these forces.
 2. Two forces are in equilibrium only when in magnitude, opposite in direction and
collinear in action.
3. A set of forces in equilibrium maybe added to any system of forces without changing the
effect of the original system.
4. Action and reaction forces are equal but oppositely directed.

1.a.

R
F F
Ѳ
P

b.

R
F φ
Ѳ
P

c.

R
P φ
Ѳ
F

Guide
1. Identify the problem
2. Required and given
3. Error - simplifying
 Chapter 2: Resultants of Force System

Force and Components

A. Rectangular Components
1. Angular Direction

F
Fy Check: Use Pythagorean
Ѳ x Theorem
Fx

2. Slope or battered directions

F
c a
Fy
b
x
Fx

B. Oblique Components
v

Fv
Fv
Ѳ
u
Fu

v
F
Fv
φ
Ѳ
u
Fu
Example 1. Determine the X and Y components of each of the forces shown.

Y
F = 390lbs

12 A(x,y)
S(-x, y)
5

30 X
o
T = 400lbs 50 P = 300lbs
T(-x, -y)o C(x, -y)

Force P
P x =PCosθ=300 cos 30=259.81lbs →
P y =−PSinθ=−300 sin 30=−150.00 lbs↓

Force F
F x=() ( )
b
c
F=
−5
13
390=−150.00lbs

F y=() ( )
a
c
F=
12
13
390=360.00 lbs

Force T
T x =−TSin 50=−TCos 40=−400 sin 50=−400 cos 40=−306.42lbs
T y =−TCos 50=−TSin 50=−400 cos 50=−400 sin 50=−257.12 lbs

Example 2. Determine the components of force P along X-Y axes which are parallel and
perpendicular to the incline.
F = 260lbs
12
Y
5
P = 361lbs

2
3

3
4 X
 Y
4 For Ph
3

3 For Pv
4
Ph 4

3
3
Pv X
4

For Px
P x =Phx + P vx =
−3
5
(
4
Ph ) + ( P v )=
5
−3 3
5 √13( )( P)+ ( )
4 2
5 √ 13
( P)
−9 8 −1
P x= ( P)+ ( P )= (361 ) =−20.02lbs ↖
5 √ 13 5 √ 13 5 √13

For Py
P y =P hy + Pvy =
−4
5
3
P h− P v =
5
−4 3
( )
5 √ 13
( P )−( )
3 2
5 √ 13
( P)
−12 6 −18
P y= ( P )− ( P )= ( 361 )=−360.44 lbs ↙
5 √ 13 5 √ 13 5 √ 13

Assignment:
Using the same figure, determine the components of force F along X-Y axes which are parallel
and perpendicular to the incline.