Effects of Technology on the Academic Performance of

Grade 12 T.V.L. ICT Students in Don Pablo Lorenzo

Memorial High-School

Roel Albot

Alvar Ladja

Archie Talosig

Ej Kenneth Corpin

Ian Gabriel Ponce

Jelvint Saavedra

Junrey Sagadsad

Justine Benasa

Jomar Kyle Ibanez

DON PABLO LORENZO MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL

 
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

As the Students of Senior High of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High-School, we tried to
find out if there’s an Effect of Technology in Academic Performance of T.V.L. ICT students. In
our generation today, there’s no denying that technology such as phones, laptop and computers
has become a significant part of many people especially in student’s everyday lives. But many of
us are still wondering on how these technologies affects the student’s learning and what are good
and bad effects of it.

Modern technology has greatly improved people’s lives through different fields such as
medicines, work, industry and especially education. For the students, we know the benefits of
using technology such as making student more interested and excited about the lesson. It also
increased the student’s level of interaction and it brought us new perspectives and knowledge in
class. Also, the teaching strategies based on educational technology can be described as ethical
practices that facilitate student’s learning and boost their capacity, productivity, and
performance. Instructors are no longer limited to write in a plain paper or discuss the lesson in a
white board, but they can rely on our modern technologies that will enable them to make things
easier.

In conclusion, technology is a versatile and valuable tool for teaching and learning and
becoming a way of life. Technology in the classroom is both beneficial to students and teachers.
It creates new ways of obtaining and presenting information and gives us new ways of analyzing
and understanding the world around us. These inspired the researcher to conduct a study about
technology. We focused on how students should interact to technology in order to attain learning
with the help of it.

Theoretical Framework

Over time, learning became easier and faster with the help of different tools and methods.
Blackboards have been used for at least a millennium, books and pamphlets have held a
prominent role in education. Now we have innovated technologies that can be used for quicker
and easier learning of every student.
 Educational Technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and
resources. According to David L. (2017) there are three (3) major educational theories, such as
Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism that widely implemented in education and greatly
linked to the development and utilization of the educational technology.

Cognitive theory is represented by Jane Piaget (1898-1980), Jerome Seymour Bruner

(1915) and David P. Ausubel (1918-2008). In education, cognitive developmental theory is to
develop students' capabilities of creative thinking, information analyzing, and problem-solving
through computer-assisted instruction. It concerns those mental processes that cannot be
observed through human beings’ problem solving process and human beings’ learning strategies.
It studies human brains’ thinking process. Cognitivists believe that a human being possesses
intrinsic modes of receiving, processing and utilizing information at different cognitive
development stages; advocate the study of people’s cognitive development processes and
models, and design different instructional programs based on one’s cognitive development needs
at different developmental stages.

Conceptual Framework

It shows the relationship between the variable of the study. The dependent variable is the
Effect of Technology in Academic Performance of the Senior High School student while the
independent variable is the Technology such as computers, laptops, cellphone, tablet and
internet. It tells about how the Academic performances of the students may be affected by the
technology.

 Statement of the Problem

The general problem of the study is: “How does the technology affect the student’s
Academic performance of Senior High School? Specifically, it sought to answer the following
questions.

1. How the technology may affect the student’s academic performance in terms of the following:

Students Name Age Sex Strand Rating Scale

 2. What is The Effect of Technology on the Academic performance of the Senior High

School students?

3. How does technology significantly affect the Academic performances of Senior High
School Students?

Hypothesis

1. There is a significant relationship between using technology and the Academic of

performance of the Senior High School Students in Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial
High School

2. There is no significant relationship between using technology and the Academic of

performance of the Senior High School Students in Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial
High School.

 Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study assessed the Academic performance of Senior High School Students in Don
Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School during the school year 2022-2023.

This   study   focuses  only  to  the   Grade 12  students  of  Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial
High School who are  using  technology,  are   the   subject  of   the investigation.  Same set of
questionnaires will be given to the respondents. It is limited  to the objective of the study since
the   researcher    only  wanted  to   determine   the   effects   of  using  technology   to    the
academic  performance  of    the  Senior   High   School students.  The attainment of this study is
dependent to the answers of the respondents.  The respondents are   composed of students in
TVL ICT course, in Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School. The study will be conducted in
this school year 2022-2023.  The framework of this study doesn’t covered any changes or
progress in details and updated information beyond the said point.

 Significance of the Study

This research will help the researchers to determine and to know how the technology
affects the student’s Academic performance. It is hoped that the findings of this research
would be important to the following:

Students

It will help the students to acknowledge on how they should use the technological devices
to attain learning and to help them to improve themselves and participate actively, increase in
productivity and increased motivation.
Parents

They could help their child to use technology for academic or school purposes and they
could guide them and keep themselves involved, this way they could monitor their child in or out
of school.

 Teachers

It will help them to do some new strategies and   techniques   and   it can also aid teachers
in coming up with simple lessons plans or activities.

Researchers

This study will help the researchers to accomplish their requirements in their course. This
will also help them to understand the importance of knowing the effects of the technology on the
academic performance of a student.

Definition of Terms

In this study, the following terms were written to clarify the meanings of the words used
and to provide a frame of reference and a clear interpretation of the study.

Cognitivist - a person who believes or works in cognitive grammar.

Ethical - relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these

Millennium - a period of a thousand years, especially when calculated from the traditional date
of the birth of Christ.

Prominent –  important or famous.

Utilization - the action of making practical and effective use of something.

Valuable - a thing that is of great worth, especially a small item of personal property.

Versatile -  able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities.

Technology - machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge.

Adequate - satisfactory or acceptable in quality or quantity.

Inferential Statistics - makes inferences and predictions about a population based on a sample

of data taken from the population in question.

 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies, foreign and local which
provided the researcher the needed information and direction for the completion of the study.

Foreign Literature

Lynne Schrum, past president of the International Society for Technology in Education

(ISTE), is an associate professor in the department of instructional technology at the University
of Georgia. Her research, teachings, and writings focus on issues related to distance education,
specifically online learning. Schrum also investigates the uses of technology in K-12
environments and identifies ways to support educators in the effort. Educators want students
to learn. She said that It is certainly not enough to tell educators that they need to use the
boxes and wires that have invaded their schools simply because they are expensive or because
students need to know how to use the latest widget. If it's clear that technological tools will
help them achieve that goal, educators will use those tools. Technology lends itself to
exploration. But before technology can be used effectively, exploration must be valued as
important to both teaching and learning. In a technology-rich classroom, students might search
the Web for information, analyze river water, chart the results, and record what they've
learned on the computer. In such an environment, acquiring content changes from a static
process to one of defining goals the learners wish to pursue. Students are active, rather than
passive -- producing knowledge and presenting that knowledge in a variety of formats. In a
technology-rich classroom, students don't "learn" technology. Technology merely provides the
tools to be used for authentic learning. It is a means, not an end.

According to Benjamin Herold (2016) Technology is everywhere in education: Public

schools in the United States now provide at least one computer for every five students. They
spend more than $3 billion per year on digital content. Led by the federal government, the
country is in the midst of a massive effort to make affordable high-speed Internet and free
online teaching resources available to even the most rural and remote schools. And in 2015-16,
for the first time, more state standardized tests for the elementary and middle grades will be
administered via technology than by paper and pencil.

There were seven (7) steps for adapting technology to the classroom by Sean Nank
(2017) As the recession of 2008 becomes a not too distant memory, some schools are finding
themselves better funded. With this comes the acquisition of technology for schools and
classrooms. The widespread introduction of technology can have amazing impacts on curricula,
pedagogy, and student learning. But some schools have not experienced these results. The
following are the seven aspects of adapting technology that will help you avoid lackluster
results. Buy technology for teachers and students, Use the 10% rule (If you have $100,000 total
to spend on technology, then spend $90,000 and set aside $10,000 for professional
development and training to support teachers while implementing the technology.), Give
teachers time, Choose a platform and stick with it, Technology for the sake of technology,
Students are and are not digital natives, lastly is Assess with technology in a meaningful way.

According to Kelsey Sheehy(2012) the proliferation of social media and technology has
changed the way educators teach, how students learn, and the way teachers and students
communicate. Bob Wise a former governor of West Virginia and president of the Alliance for
Excellent Education, an advocacy organization, said that  "You can't just slap a netbook
[computer] on top of a textbook and say, 'Great, now we have technology," Good teaching,
especially the kind that involves working with evolving technologies, sometimes requires good
advice. "The whole intention of Digital Learning Day is to really celebrate teachers and good
instructional learning practices," says Sarah Hall, director of the Alliance's Center for Secondary
School Digital Learning and Policy.
 It’s hard to determine whether technology in the classroom is helpful or harmful.
Samantha Cleaver (2014) wrote an article about it. With a world of information at their
fingertips nowadays, it seems like kids should be finding it easier than ever to succeed in school.
However, as more classrooms invest in the latest technology, test scores remain the same,
bringing its effectiveness into question. “Incorporating technology into the classroom requires a
double innovation,” says Shelley Pasnik, director of the Center for Education and Technology,
Educators who receive new technology must first learn how to use the equipment and then
decide whether or not it supports the class objectives and curriculum. Despite the challenges,
incorporating technology into education still has proven benefits, especially when it comes to
personalized learning. From math games that adjust the level of difficulty as players progress to
electronic books that talk and respond to the tap of a finger, products that personalize the
learning experience for students often benefit their understanding. An interactive game is more
engaging than a book, so technology often promotes more practice and review in areas
requiring memorization, such as spelling, math and geography. This frees up time in the
classroom so educators can focus on skills like problem solving, character development and
critical thinking.

Local Literature

The Philippine Star created an article last 12th of July 2014 about how technology helps
students study well. According to it more and more school use technology such as computers
and the internet in their classroom and several improvements on students have seen and they
are now getting better in education. These improvements are the following: Independence and
information gathering, Critical thinking and reflection, Communication and collaboration, more
engaging learning experience and Preparation for jobs later on. By connecting the internet,
students learn how to do their own research and with the large information that they access.
Students are induced to learn to think critically. Through exchange of ideas and messages,
students are able to collaborate with each other to test their understanding of lessons.
Information today is more engaging to the mind and the senses because of its multimedia
nature. Knowing all of these improvements and advantages. More and more schools are
allowing not just desktop computers and laptops, but also tablet devices and smartphones in
their classrooms.

According to John Paul Espinosa (2016) Technological advances had greatly changed the
education landscape in that teaching is no longer confined to the traditional face-to-face
delivery of lessons. Now, via internet we can also learn not only in the classroom but outside
the school. Through the convergence of modern and traditional methods, students are now
able to experience the best of both worlds. They can learn from school and get additional
information or lessons through the web and internet. A survey conducted by Pearson
Foundation in the United States found that more than six in 10 college students and high school
seniors agree that they study more efficiently by using tablets. A study conducted by Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt in California also showed that students using iPads performed better in math
compared to students using traditional textbooks. Another study at Oklahoma State University
found that 75 percent of students said the use of gadgets enhanced their learning experience.
Even though that the parents and some teacher fear that gadgets may distract students,
surveys and studies have shown that these technological devices are a big help in learning.
Today, more states administered tests for the elementary and high school through the internet,
discarding the use of the traditional pen and paper.

Back in 1960s where computers are very bulky to the very compact gadgets of the
present time, technology had been continuously developing in the past decades. According to
John Rifuno I. Macaset(2017) a BS Computer Engineering, technology had played great roles in
many people’s daily tasks starting with the conception of the personal computer, people’s work
became faster, and communication with other people became easier. Recent years, the use of
technology in education has been proven beneficial to both teachers and students. With the
use of the internet, teachers are able to communicate with their students more easily, and allows
them to distribute learning materials such as assignments, exercises, and tests to their pupils.
 According to a blog posted by Angel de Dios(2012) How technology affects
learning from the views of teachers, With iPads, Facebook, smartphones, video games, music,
and others, technology now occupies a significant amount of a child's time in the United States
(almost eight hours a day - National Center for Education Statistics, USA). Students in the
Philippines probably face the same increasing amount of time spent on these activities provided
by technology. Thus, it is time to ask how current technology affects student learning. The
response from teachers is particularly important since their perspective comes directly from the
classroom. 

Why teachers have to use technology? article by Glenny E. Laping(2016)

according to it, technology is a way of life. It is everywhere in this computer age. Students use
technology improperly and unproductively so teachers should provide guidance for them. Also
free educational tools are easier and faster to use than the traditional tools. Teachers could use
this to build student’s collaborative, communication , problem-solving, critical and creative
thinking skills. Technology alone cannot develop in students the skills necessary to succeed in
today’s world. Teachers and parents should teach and guide the young to use technology the
right way productively.

Foreign Studies

Technology is a way to improve students goals. But are they using it the way
it meant to be in classes ? Eric Milou , conducted a study that examined the algebra
teachers if they are using graphic calculators when they are teaching , their awareness
over technology, changes in curriculum or instructional practices. The ones who became a
part of the study were students and teachers. They were selected solely because of its
great variety of population. The study has surveys to be completed by the ones who
participated. Of the 243 surveys, 146 were returned , for an aversge rate of 60%. It has
been confirmed that with the use of graphing calculator is still likely to disagree to
many algebra teachers. But the majority of the teachers says that the use of graphing
calculator is a great tool for motivating the students.

In the James Kulik Study (1994), the researcher used a technique called
meta-analysis to aggregate the findings from more than 500 individual studies of computer-
based instruction. Computer based instruction individualizes the educational process to
accommodate the needs, interests, and learning styles of each student (Kulik, 1994,
4). The study found that students who used computer-based instruction scored at the
64th percentile on test of achievement compared to students in the control conditions
without computers who scored at the percentile. This study helps to show that student
achievement can be affected positively especially through assessment scores. Students
also tend to like their classes more and develop more positive attitudes towards learning
which results in positive academic achievement.

According to Taibah university (2017).Their study was conducted on 231

students who studying physiology during their 2nd year at one five health colleges they are
the ( Medicine, Dental, Clinical Pharmacy ,Applied medical sciences , and nursing).Their
research was an online survey to the students regarding to the use of technology and the
devices they use. The Pearson correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were
implemented to study the frequency of ,and relationship between technology and
their learning achievements in physiology courses.They study observed a significant
relationship between students use of technology , and the most used devices is
laptops (50℅) phones (42℅) followed by tablets (7℅) and the desktop computers
(0.5℅) .The result of their online survey tells that technology usage might produce
comparatively more significant increase in academic achievements than would non-usage
of technology.

There are many terms that are currently in use so far as ICT in Education is
concerned. Many terms have come and gone and there are overlaps in some instances which
are not necessarily identical. Bybee, Poewll, and Trowbridge (2008) categorize the uses
of computer and associated technologies in science education into three as follows: learning
about computers, learning with computers and learning through computers. Learning about
computers which deals with knowledge of computers may be thought of as a continuum which
ranges from skills in and awareness of computers at lower level to programming at higher level
(Tabassum, 2004). In this situation students develop technological literacy which essentially
involves acquiring computer-related terminology.

In Harold Wenglinsky's National Study of Technology's Impact on Mathematics

Achivement, Wenglinsky found out that who used higher order of thinking software shown
the gains in math scores of up to 15 weeks above grade levels. Wenglinsky also controlled
for socioeconomic status, class, size, and teacher’s characteristics. Thus, all relationships
between technologies and educational outcomes had represented the value added by
technology for comparable groups of students with comparable teachers in a comparable
class sizes. This study has consisted a national sample of about 6,227 fourth grade students
and 7,146 grade eight students on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Then
another finding was found that higher order uses of computers and professional development
were related to student's academic achievement in mathematics for both 4th and 8th grade
students. The use of computers mainly for 5 simulations and applications had resulted in
higher math achievement.

Local Studies

According to the study of Jimson Mariano (2017) The Philippine government has
been committed to bring the educational system into a modernized status, particularly on basic
education, in its effort to make each and every student at par with other students of
neighboring developed countries. Our country is now capable to utilize and produce
information and to transform it into knowledge and vast array of goods and services. The
Department of Education (DEPED) has initiated in 1996 a computerization program with the
goal of preparing Filipino students for employment and competitive career by teaching them to
master new forms of technology. They also would like to harness and enhance the power of
technology towards developing the entire teaching-learning process, specifically in its bid to
make each and every public school student empowered in this highly globalized and integrated
world economy.

ICT plays a major role in creating a new and improved model of teaching and learning where
education happens anytime and anywhere. According to Diwanie Perez (2016) to achieve this vision we
should continue to use ICT to revitalize our schools to make them to dynamic, collaborative and
innovative learning institutions where students can become more motivated, inquisitive and creative
learners. Also to link students with vast networked world of knowledge and information and develop
student’s skills and capabilities to critically and intelligently seek ,absorb, analyze, manage and present
information. The assessment of the current state of computerization of public schools will aim to help
DepEd better integrate ICT in its ambitious K (Kindergarten) to 12 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
reform program. • Education Secretary Armin Luistro said that ICT education will be an important aspect
as they formulate an effectively enhanced K to 12 BEC curriculums. “We have to set up our ICT thrust as
we gradually implement the K to 12 Basic Education Reform Program. As we all know, ICT plays a very
important role in administrative functions as well as in the teaching and learning process,” Luistro
explained.

According to Melvin Matulac, Assistant Prof at University of Santo Tomas, Today’s

education faces a lot of challenges. The swirling changes and developments in teaching and learning all
seem promising and yet are still at their infant stages. There is resurgence for Constructivist approaches
in the classroom. Howard Gardner contradicts the IQ phenomena with his own findings on Multiple
Intelligence. The banking method of education is totally unacceptable to some education circles and yet
the new methods bring their own share of confusion. The use of technology is at least one unavoidable
reality and twenty years after the introduction of the PC, as many roads have been paved for us to
follow, a lot of work still lay ahead. In the present stage, since technology is here to stay, some
educators took a second look at how technology is being used. Instead of technology dictating what they
should do, they started telling technology what they wanted to do in teaching core subjects. The
technology experts of the school started shifting gears. From being the untouchable nerds in the
computer lab, they suddenly found themselves as the assistants of the teachers finding ways to bring
technology at the service of learning.

Education has changed a lot because of the development of information Technology and
knowledge information society. According to Reynato Arimbuyutan (2007) Educational infra of the
Philippines was meager before 4-5 years Also computing and Internet infra it will not support to
education environment. But Philippine education environment changed fast during 2000~ 2006 years.
Development of network environment is big effect of computer game by Philippine young generation.
Also, effect of education reform policy that Philippines government. Philippines making e-Learning
systems for remote education environment. And, there is progressing various project with more interest
about e-Learning. Therefore, the study wants to correct analysis and right direction presentation for
Philippine remote education environment. The study is structured as follows. In chapter 2, Environment
of education in the Philippines. In chapter3, environment of e-Learning in the Philippines, Lastly, e-
Learning environment and prospects of the study is made in chapter 4 of his study.

According to the MST News (2013) millions of Filipino students are back to schools.
Some will be studying more comfortably in air-conditioned rooms, complete with hi-tech learning tools
such as computers and modern methodologies. Others will not be as privileged. Still, learning takes
precedence over disparities in learning conditions. Substance over form, we say. With the recent
implementation of the K to 12 program, the country’s basic education curriculum undergoes a major
overhaul in the form of two additional years from the existing 10-year basic education. The authority
says the transition will provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong
learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment,
and entrepreneurship. Moreover, the reform would make the Philippines comparable and competitive
with other countries, as the 12 years of basic schooling had long been a global standard. But while the
change is a welcome development, it may still be considered protracted if taken in the larger context of
learning, which is transforming by leaps and bounds.

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies

Accordingly, the related literatures and studies just reviewed provided guides and
directions necessary for the researchers to meet the desired objectives.

Technology has impacted almost every aspect of life today. Technology has profoundly
changed education in many ways,. For one, technology has greatly expanded access to education. In
medieval times, books were rare and only an elite few had access to educational opportunities.
Individuals had to travel to centers of learning to get an education. Today, massive amounts of
information (books, audio, images, videos) are available at one’s fingertips through the Internet.
Opportunities for communication and collaboration have also been expanded by technology.
Traditionally, classrooms have been relatively isolated, and collaboration has been limited to other
students in the same classroom or building. Today, technology enables forms of communication and
collaboration undreamt of in the past. 

According to Zuckenburg (2016) “What defines a technological tool - one historical definition - is
something that takes a human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for
example, I wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that enhances my human ability of vision
and makes it better.”

The findings of the other studies reviewed by the researcher had presented a relevant study to
our research which will rate our study high and make our study more credible and reliable. It also has
the identical or similar findings of the other related studies.
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the method of study, the respondents, instruments used, and the
statistical tools applied.

Method of Study

Descriptive-Correlation method of research was used by the researchers. It is used to describe

the characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied.

According to Ed Forest (2001) Descriptive research does not fit neatly into the definition of either
quantitative or qualitative research methodologies, but instead it can utilize elements of both, often
within the same study. The term descriptive research refers to the type of research question, design,
and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic. Descriptive statistics tell what is, while inferential
statistics try to determine cause and effect. According to Devin Kowalczyk (2013) a correlation is simply
defined as a relationship between two variables. The whole purpose of using correlations in research is
to figure out which variables are connected.

Population and Sample

The respondents of this study were the Grade 12 students of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High
School TVL ICT in the school year 2022-2023.

In order to come up with the sample population of the study coming from each year level, the following
formula was used:

n= N
1 + Ne2
Where:
n = number of samples
N = total population; and
e = margin of error = 0.05

The current population of the senior high school students at Don Pablo l and its estimated
sample (based on 5% margin of error) is given in the table below:

Table 1

Distribution of the Population and Estimated Sample of all students

 
Senior High School Students Population Estimated Sample
     

Grade 12

The systematic sampling was used to get the estimated sample of the population and every
second person from the population would be included in the sample. Table 1 presents the total
population of the grade 12 ICT senior high school students.
 

Subjects of the Study

 The respondents of the study were ____ Senior High School Students at Don Pablo Lorenzo
Memorial High School TVL ICT who were enrolled 2022-2023, Systematic Sampling was employed.

Table 2

Population and Estimated Sample per Strand

Strand Population Sample
SHS12-ICT A

Total

In order to distribute this sample size evenly for ICT Strand, the population size of the year level
was divided by the total population. Table 2 presents the population of ICT course and its estimated
sample size.

Description of the Instruments

The instrument used was made by the researcher and validated by the instructor entitled
“Effects of Technology on the Academic Performance of Grade 12 TVL ICT Students in Don Pablo Lorenzo
Memorial High School” is composed of 3 negative questions that will determine on how the technology
may affect the academic performance of the Senior High School students.

Reliability and Validity of the Instrument

The designed questionnaire was submitted to the instructor or project supervisor for approval before
distributing it to the respondents.

The scores of the Senior High School Students in the tests were correlated using Pearson r
product moment correlation formula.

The obtained values were significant.

The following response mode was used.

Table 3

Equivalent scale for Verbal Description

Scale Verbal description
1 Never
2 Rarely
3 Occasionally
4 Often
5 Always

A high score represents that technology highly affects the student’s level of performance.

Procedure of Analysis
 Table 4

Equivalent Mean Range for Verbal Description of Effects of Technology

Scale Verbal description Equivalent Mean Range
1 Never 1.00 – 1.79
2 Rarely 1.80 – 2.59
3 Occasionally 2.60 – 3.39
4 Often 3.40 – 4.19
5 Always 4.20 – 5.00

The survey questionnaire utilized the rating scale as a means of identifying how the given
statements closely described the effects of technology to the student’s performance. The rating scale
ranges from 1-5, and described above.

Table 5

Scale for Student’s Grade

Limits Level
90 and above Excellent
85-89 Above Average
80-84 Average
75-79 Fair
74 and below Poor

The level of performance of grade 12 students was classified based on their achievement grade
using the following arbitrary scale. The frequency count and percentage distribution of SHS students
belonging to each level was determined.

Data Gathering Procedure

Researchers ask for permission from each instructor of the time we conducted the survey. Upon
approval, questionnaire was given to the respondents.
The average grade of Grade 12 students which served as the measure to academic performance
of the students of Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School TVL ICT for the school year 2022-2023, was
collected from the instructor upon the approval of the Principal in agreement that the student’s name
will not be included in the grade.

Treatment of Data

With the use of both descriptive and inferential statistics, the researcher analyzed, interpreted
the collected data and the implications were determined.

To facilitate the tabulation and tallying of the data gathered, the researchers made use of the
Microsoft Excel 2010.
 Frequency distribution was used to measure the number of responses and its magnitude with
the sample for the student’s perception of effects of technology. Also, the study made use of the mean,
standard deviation, and ranking to describe the perception of the respondents in the effects of
technology.
The mean is expressed through the following formula:

X̅ = ∑X

Where:

X̅ = mean

ΣX = sum of all data value

n = number of data items in the sample

The standard deviation is expressed through the following formula:

To determine the relationship between effects of technology and student’s academic

performance, Bivariate Correlation Analysis with the Pearson –Product Correlation was used. The
Pearson-Product Moment Correlation Coefficient is expressed through the following

formula :

Table 6 
Correlation Scale and Interpretations

Value of r            Interpretations

Between ± .80 to ± .99 High correlation

Between ± .60 to ± .79 Moderately high correlation

Between ± .40 to ± .59 Moderate correlation

Between ± .20 to ± .39 Low correlation

Between ± .01 to ± .19 Negligible correlation

 In analyzing the correlation of the effects of technology and academic performance of the
students, this study made use of the correlation scale that indicated the interpretation on the
correlation based on the value of r obtained.

Table 7

P-value Scale

P-value Interpretations

> 0.05 Not Significant

< 0.05 Significant

The p-value for each term tests the null hypothesis that the coefficient is equal to zero (no
effect). A p-value with (< 0.05) indicates that there is significant relationship. On other hand, p-value
with (> 0.05) indicates that there is no significant relationship, therefore we can accept the null
hypothesis that “There is no significant relationship between effects of technology and student’s
academic performance.