LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK [1] ENDING [16-09-

2022]

SUBJECT: TECHNICAL DRAWING

TOPIC: SPECIAL CURVES
TIME:
SCHEDULE:
AVERAGE AGE: 15 YEARS
LEVEL: SS2
NUMBER OF LEARNERS: 4

TIME TABLE FIT: In the previous lesson, the learners had learnt about computer graphics,
the different types of computer graphics packages and how to use these computer graphics
packages to draw shapes and perform lettering functions.

MAIN AIM: The learners will be able to elaborate on the meaning of Ellipse, Hyperbola, and
Parabola. identify the real life application of these special curves and construct the special
curves using different methods.

SUBSIDIARY AIMS: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to
1. Elaborate on the meaning of Ellipse, Parabola, and Hyperbola
2. Identify some of the real life application of the Ellipse, Parabola and Hyperbola
3. Construct the special curves using different methods

PERSONAL AIM: To ensure that the learners fully understand the meaning of Ellipse,
Hyperbola, and Parabola, identify the real life application of these special curves and the
construction process of these special curves using different methods.

ASSUMPTION: The leaners may have seen or heard about Special curves, their application
and the construction of these special curves on their textbooks or online

ANTICIPATED PROBLEM: The learner may find it difficult to understand the meaning of
some of these special curves and the real life application of special curves and the construction

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process of these special curves due to lack of drawing materials, stress and lack of
concentration.

POSSIBLE SOLUTION: The teacher will have to explain extensively about the meaning of
these special curves, their real life application and the construction process of these special
curves.

TEACHING MATERIAL: Models, Posters, Drawing instruments and equipment etc.

LEAD IN: Special curves are also known as Loci or engineering curves. They are generally not
circular and are used in machine components. Some of the special curves are what will be
treating in this lesson, they are Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Epicycloid etc.

PROCEDURE

STEP 1: MEANING OF ELLIPSE, PARABOLA, AND HYPERBOLA

 Ellipse: It is a locus of a point moving in a plane such that the sum of its distances from two
fixed points always remain constant and this sum equals to the length of the major axis.
Properties of Ellipse
1. Ellipse has two focal points, also called foci.
2. The eccentricity of ellipse is less than 1 i.e. 0≤e<1
3. The total sum of each distance from the locus of an ellipse to the two focal points is constant
4. Ellipse has one major axis and
5. Ellipse has one minor axis

 Parabola: It is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distances from the
fixed point (focus) and a fixed straight line (directrix) are always equal.
Properties of a Parabola
1. Parabola has focus
2. Parabola has directrix
3. Parabola has vertex
4. Parabola has axis of symmetry
5. Its eccentricity is equal to 1 or unity

 Hyperbola: It is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that the ratio of its distances
from a fixed point (focus) and a fixed straight line (directrix) is a constant and greater than
one.
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 Properties of a Hyperbola
1. Hyperbola has two focal points called Foci
2. It has a vertex
3. It has two asymptotes
4. It has a directrix
5. The eccentricity of a Hyperbola is greater than 1 i.e. e > 1.

STEP 2: REAL LIFE APPLICATION OF ELLIPSE, PARABOLA AND HYPERBOLA

Real life application of Ellipse
1. Shape of a man hole
2. Shape of tank in tanker
3. Flanges of pipes
4. Shape used in bridges and arches
5. Monuments
6. Path of planets around the sun
7. Shape of trays etc.

Real life application of Parabola

1. Motor car head lamp reflector
2. Sound reflector and deflector
3. Bridges and arches construction
4. Path of particle thrown at any angle with earth
5. Water from a fountain takes a path of parabola to fall on the earth.

Real life application of Hyperbola

1. The Kobe Port Tower
2. Shape of overhead water tanks
3. Shape of cooling towers
4. The shape of most potato chips
5. Open orbits of comets around the sun
6. The twin tower arch 138 in Ichinomiya, Japan.

STEP 3: CONSTRUCTION OF ELLIPSE, PARABOLA AND HYPERBOLA

Example 1: Applying the trammel method, produce a drawing of an Ellipse, given major and
minor axis as 140mm and 90mm respectively.
Solution

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Example 2: Construct a parabola when the distance between focus and the directrix is 40mm.
Draw a tangent and normal at any point on your curve.
Solution

Example 3: Construct two branches of Hyperbola, having foci 100mm apart and vertices are
60mmm apart. Locate the asymptotes and directices of the hyperbola.
Solution

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INTERACTION PATTERN: The use of explanatory, discussion, play-way, sketching,
teacher to learner and learner to learner method in her teaching method

STUDENTS’ EVALUATION:
1. What explanation do you have for the following?
a) Ellipse
b) Parabola
c) Hyperbola
2. Enumerate three ways, each of the special curves in the note can be applied in the real world
3. Given the major and minor axis of an ellipse as 150mm and 80mm, use the trammel method
to construct the Ellipse.
4. Construct a parabola when the distance between focus and the directrix is 50mm. Draw a
tangent and normal at any point on your curve.

TEACHER’S EVALUATION: The learners fully understood the meaning of Ellipse, Parabola
and Hyperbola, the real-life application of these special curves and the construction of these
special curves using different methods.

ASSIGNMENT:
1. How do you explain the following?
a) Ellipse
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b) Parabola
c) Hyperbola
2. Enumerate three ways, each of the special curves in the note can be applied in the real world
3. Given the major and minor axis of an ellipse as 150mm and 80mm, use the trammel method
to construct the Ellipse.
4. Construct two branches of Hyperbola, having foci 120mm apart and vertices are 70mmm
apart. Locate the asymptotes and directices of the hyperbola.

CONCLUSION: A locus (Plural loci) is the path traced out by a point which moves under
given definite conditions or rules. You may not have been aware of it, but you have met loci
many times before. One of the most common loci is that of a point which moves so that its
distance from another fixed point remains constant: this produces a circle. The problems of loci
can take several different forms just as seen in the note.

BIBLICAL PRINCIPLE: CREATION: The entire universe was spoken into existence by the
Designer’s willing choice. [Gen. 1]
BIBLICAL INTEGRATED LESSON: By the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
understand that just as all things was spoke into existence through the Designer’s willing choice
so also was special curves made by God after all he made the earth to look like an Ellipse and
he also instructed His people in the Bible to use curves in the construction of the ark and even
in the construction of the temple.

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