9.

REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS
EXERCISES
A. VERY SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS : Answer in one-word
Q. 1. Name one animal which reproduces by the asexual
reproduction method.
Ans. Yeast.
Q. 2. What is the reproductive cell of human male called ?
Ans. Sperm.
Q. 3. What is the process of fusion of gametes of the
male and female taking place inside the body of the female
called ?
Ans. Internal fertilisation.
Q. 4. Where in the body of the human male, the sperms are
produced ?
Ans. Testis.

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 TEACHER’S MANUAL :: SCIENCE— 8
Q. 5. What type of animal is the butterfly ?
Ans. Oviparous.

B. SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS : Answer in 10-15 words

Q. 1. What are the unisexual organisms ?
Ans. Organisms which have their individual male and female sex
organs are called unisexual. The male produces sperms and the female
produces the egg or ovum.
Q. 2. What is external fertilisation ? Name one organism
that exhibits external fertilisation.
Ans. When the fusion of male gametes with female gametes takes
place outside the body of female partner, the fertilisation is called
external fertilisation.
In fishes and frogs, fertilisation takes place externally.
Q. 3. Name the reproductive organs of the human female.
Ans. The reproductive organs of the human female are ovaries,
oviduct, utreus and vagina.
Q. 4. Describe viviparous and oviparous animals.
Ans. The animals which give birth to young ones are called
viviparous animals.
Cow, buffalo, cat, dog and human beings are the examples of the
viviparous animals.
The animals which lay eggs which later develop into the young ones
are called oviparous animals.
Frog, lizard, butterflies, hen and crow are the examples of oviparous
animals.
Q. 5. Describe fertiilisation in humans.
Ans. In humans, fertilisation occurs in the body of the female
partner. The process of reproduction starts with mating during which
the male releases male sex cells (sperms) into the body of the female.
When sperms come in contact with an ovum (the egg), one of the
sperms may fuse with the egg. Such a fusion of the sperm with the eggs
is called fertilisation. During fertilisation, the nucleus of the sperm and
the egg fuse to form a single nucleus. The fertilised egg is called zygote.

C. LONG-ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : Answer in 20-25 words

Q. 1. Describe internal and external fertilisation.
Ans. (i) Internal fertilisation : The fertilisation which occurs
inside the female body is called internal fertilisation. In internal
REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS 3
fertilisation, the female animal’s eggs are fertilised by sperms inside her
body. It occurs in many animals including humans, cows, dogs and hens.
(ii) External fertilisation : The fertilisation which occurs outside
the female body is called external fertilisation. In external fertilisation, the
female animal’s eggs are fertilised by sperms outside the body. Generally
the male and female animals release their sperms and eggs in water
where fertilisation takes place by collisions between sperms and eggs. It
is commonly seen in aquatic animals such as fish, starfish, frog, etc.
Q. 2. Describe the reproductive organs of a human male.
Ans. The reproductive organs of the human male are described
below :
(i) Testes : These are two in number and oval in shape. They lie
within the scrotum. These testes produce sperms in very large numbers.
(ii) Vas deferens (Sperm duct) : This duct starts from the testis
and joins the urethra. It carries sperms to the urethra by the muscular
action of its wall.
(iii) Urethra : Vas deferens carrying the sperms receives the fluid
secreted by the seminal vesicles. This fluid provides nourishment to the
sperms. The mixture of the sperms and the fluid is called semen. This
duct opens into the urethra.
(iv) Penis : Urethra leads to a muscular organ called penis. It has
erectile tissues and blood spaces which cause the stiffness of the penis.
It is used to pass urine as well as to deliver the sperms into the vagina of
the female body.
Q. 3. Explain the formation of zygote.
Ans. The male partner produces male gametes called sperms. The
female partner produces female gametes called ova (or eggs). The sperm
enters into the ovum (or egg) and fuses with it to form a new cell called
zygote. This process is called fertilisation.
Q. 4. What is meant by metamorphosis ?
Ans. The transformation of the larva into an adult silkworm
and that of a tadpole into a frog through drastic changes is called
metamorphosis.

D. TICK (4) THE ODD-ONE OUT GIVING REASON

1.
Amoeba, Frog, Hydra, Yeast
2.
Cats, Dogs, Cattle, Fish,
3.
Cockroach, Frogs, Hydra, Birds
4.
Penis, Sperms, Ovaries, Testes
 TEACHER’S MANUAL :: SCIENCE— 8
5. Malarial parasite, Yeast, Multiple fission
Ans. 1. Frog : Others reproduce by asexual mode of
reproduction.
2. Fish : Others are viviparous animals.
3. Hydra : Others reproduce by laying eggs.
4. Ovaries : Others are male reproductive parts.
5. Yeast : Others are related with multiple fission.

E. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS

1. Fertilisation.
Ans. The process of fusion of the sperm and the ovum (or egg) is
called fertilisation of the egg.
2. Female (human) reproductive system.
Ans. The reproductive organs of the human female are described
below :
(i) Ovaries : There are two ovaries which are situated in the
abdominal cavity. These produce one mature ovum each after every four
weeks.
(ii) Oviduct (Fallopian tube) : It is a thin and coiled muscular tube
which joins the uterus and the ovary. It passes the ova into the uterus by
its ciliary action.
(iii) Uterus : It is broader muscular chamber which receives the
ovum and contains the developing foetus.
(iv) Vagina : The uterus opens into a wide muscular tube called
vagina.
3. Development of embryo.
Ans. After the formation of zygote, it divides repeatedly to give rise
to a ball of cells. The cells then begin to form groups.
These groups then develop into different tissues and organs of the
body. This developing structure is termed an embryo. The embryo then
gets embedded in the wall of the uterus.
The embryo continues to develop in the uterus. It gradually develops
body parts—hands, legs, head, eyes, ears, etc.
The stage of the embryo when all the body parts can be identified
is called foetus. When the foetus gets fully developed, the mother gives
birth to the baby.
4. In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)
Ans. In this method a freshly released egg and sperms are collected
and kept together for a few hours. If fertilisation of the egg by the sperm
is successful, the zygote is allowed to develop for about a week. The
REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS 5
developed zygote is then placed in the mother’s uterus. The further
development of zygote and the embryo takes place in the uterus of the
mother. The baby is born at the appropriate time like the other babies.
The babies born through the IVF are called test tube babies.

HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS : Think and Answer

Q. 1. In hens, fertilisation takes place internally but they

do not give birth to young ones. Chicks are born through eggs.
Explain.
Ans. In hens, fertilisation takes place internally. Soon after
fertilisation, the zygote divides repeatedly and travels down the oviduct.
As it travels down, many protective layers are formed around it. The
hard shell of hen’s egg is one such protective layer.
After the hard shell is formed around the developing embryo, the
hen finally lays the eggs. The embryo takes about three weeks to develop
into a chick. In this period the hen provides sufficient warmth to the
eggs by sitting on them. The chick develops inside the egg shell during
this period. The completely developed chick bursts open the egg shell.
Q. 2. Can a women with blocked fallopian tubes get
pregnant ?
Ans. No, a woman with blocked fallopian tube can’t be pregnant
because each month, when ovulation occurs, an egg is released from
one of the ovaries. The egg travels from the ovary, through the tubes,
and into the uterus. The sperm also needs to swim its way from the
cervix, through the uterus, and through the fallopian tubes to get the
egg. Fertilization usually takes place while the egg is travelling through
the tube.
If one or both fallopian tubes are blocked, the egg cannot reach the
uterus, and the sperm cannot reach the egg, preventing fertilization and
pregnancy.
Q. 3. Why do frogs and toads move to ponds / lakes during
rainy season ?
Ans. Fertilisation in frogs and toads takes place externally. They lay
their eggs and sperms together on the surface of the water. This is the
reason they move to ponds or lakes during rainy season.
Q. 4. Why do cats and dogs always reproduce several
young ones ?
Ans. In cats and dogs, several eggs fertilise at a time. The natural
body structure of these animals allows to fertilise more eggs than the
humans. Moreover, the semen of these animals contain thousands of
 TEACHER’S MANUAL :: SCIENCE— 8
sperms which are very active. This is the reason they reproduce several
young ones.

QUICK ASSIGNMENT

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS : Tick (4) the correct answer

1. Which of the following is related to the sexual reproduction ?
(a) vegetative propagation
(b) fertilisation
(c) binary fission
(d) multiple fission
2. Internal fertilisation occurs
(a) in female body (b) outside female body
(c) in male body (d) outside male body
3. In which female reproductive organ does the embryo get
embedded ?
(a) oviduct (b) ovaries (c) uterus (d) vagina
4. The number of nuclei present in a zygote is
(a) none (b) one
(c) two (d) four
5. The process leading to the fusion of the gametes in plants
and animals is called
(a) growth (b) fertilisation
(c) development (d) fusion
Ans. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)

B. WRITE ONE WORD FOR THE FOLLOWING

1. The method of reproduction in which both the partners (male
and female) are needed.
2. When the fusion of the gametes of the male and female takes
place inside the body of female partner.
3. The animals which give birth to young ones.
4. The stage of the embryo when all the body parts can be
identified.
5. Transformation of larva into an adult silkworm and of tadpole
into a frog.
Ans. 1. Sexual reproduction
2. Internal fertilisation
3. Viviparous animals
4. Foetus
5. Metamorphosis
REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS 7
C. MATCH THE COLUMNS
Column A Column B
1. Reproduction A. Zygote
2. Fertilisation B. Females
3. Ovaries C. Uterus
4. Embryo D. Bisexual
5. Hydra E. Sexual
Ans. 1. E 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D

Chapter Based Practice Paper

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE QUESTIONS : Tick (4) the correct answer
1. Which of the following is a hermaphrodite (bisexual) animal ?
(a) frog (b) dog
(c) cow (d) earthworm
2. In a mosquito, the eggs are hatched to produce
(a) pupa (b) larva
(c) adult mosquito (d) embryo
Ans. 1. (d) 2. (b)

B. FILL IN THE BLANKS TYPE QUESTIONS

1. The stage of an embryo when all the body parts can be
identified is called foetus.
2. Lizard is an oviparous animal.
3. Reproduction in human beings takes place through internal
fertilisation.
4. After fertilisation, the embryo fixes itself on the wall of uterus.
5. Reproduction in malarial parasite takes place through multiple
fission.

C. TRUE OR FALSE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Each sperm is a single cell.
2. Frog and fish reproduce by internal fertilisation.
3. In human females, one mature egg is produced every four weeks
by each of the ovaries.
4. A tadpole develops into an adult frog by the process of
metamorphosis.
 TEACHER’S MANUAL :: SCIENCE— 8
5. Oviparous animals give birth to young ones.
Ans. 1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False

D. PUZZLES AND QUIZ

Solve the following crossword puzzle with the help of clues
given below :
ACROSS
1. Transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic
changes. (13)
2. The male gamete. (5)
3. Animal which lays eggs which later develop into young
ones. (9)

DOWN
4. Mixture of sperms and the fluid secreted by the seminal
vesicles. (5)
5. Produce sperms. (6)
6. The mode of reproduction in Hydra and Yeast. (7)
7. Embryo when all the body parts can be identified. (6)
8. An animal in which fertilisation takes place externally. (4)
9. An animal that reproduces by sexual reproduction mode. (5)
10. A viviparous milk-giving animal. (7)
NOTE : The solved crossword is given below.

4
S
7 8

E F F
1 5 9
M E T A M O R P H O S I S

10

E E E O O B
6

N S B T G R U
T U U S F
2
E D S S P E R M F
S D A
3
O V I P A R O U S L
N O
G