Module 2-c: Coded Defects : D.O. No. 41, s.

2016

POTHOLE - Code 1 - 3 days

(a) Bowl-Shaped Depression - due to loss of wearing course or base materials
(b) Delamination - due to poor bonding between the surface and the lower layer
(c) Slippage Cracking - due to poor bonding or adhesion between layers
(d) Edge Break - occurs at corner or edge side of pavement with depression or removal
of pavement surface
(e) Spalling - breakdown or disintegration of slab surface at edges, joints, corners or
cracks
(f) Chuck-hole / Punchout - depression or broken part of slab due to pavement cracking
or disintegration of concrete
Recommendation: bituminous premix (hot) or penetration patching on both bituminous
and concrete pavement and adding base materials if needed (only in bituminous
pavement)

ALLIGATOR CRACKS - Code 2 - 3 days

Recommendation: bituminous premix (hot) or penetration patching and adding base
materials if needed

MAJOR SCALING - Code 3 - 30 days

- Deterioration of upper concrete slab surface of more than 10mm affecting the whole
slab
Recommendation: Reblocking of slab

SHOVING AND CORRUGATION - Code 4 - 10 days

(a) Shoving - bulging of the road that take place on points where braking and
acceleration of vehicle occurs
(b) Corrugation - undulations with less than 2m wavelengths
(c) Rutting - longitudinal surface depression that occurs in wheelpaths
(d) Depression - area within the pavement with elevations lower than the surrounding
area

PUMPING AND DEPRESSION - Code 5 - 30 days

(a) Pumping - seeping of water from beneath the pavement through cracks which
causes rocking, faulting and slab cracking
(b) Faulting - difference in elevation across a joint or crack creating a step deformation
(c) Slab Cracking - shattered slab
(d) Depression - dip in the pavement surface almost invariably across a crack or joint
Recommendation: Reblocking or replacement of concrete pavement, including base
correction

NO/FADED PAVEMENT MARKINGS - Code 6 - 15 days

- No/Faded Edge Line, Center Line, Yellow Line, Yellow Box and Pedestrian Lane
Recommendation: (1) Application/re-application of pavement markings using
thermoplastic paint; (2) Carriageway width > 6.10m must be provided with edge and
center line markings; (3) repainting of faded strips

LOW/INVERTED SHOULDER - Code 7 - 7 days

- Low, Inverted, Low Paved, Vegetated Shoulder
Recommendation: (1) Resurfacing or reshaping of unpaved shoulder; (2) reinstatement
of dropped/settled shoulder; trimming of grasses until water is allowed to drain from
the pavement surface; (4) Provide lane-to-shoulder transition

LUSH VEGETATION - Code 8 - 3days

- growth of grass, weeds and shrubs or any vegetation from side of the canal to the
RROW limits with 0.6m ave height
Recommendation: vegetation control

CLOGGED DRAINS - Code 9 - 3 days

- due to accumulated materials
- Clogged Drains, Vegetated, Silted and Obstructed Canal
Recommendation: (1) Manual cleaning/declogging; (2) Repair damaged line
canal/replace damaged indiv culverts; (3) Manual ditch cleaning and reshaping of
unlined ditch

OPEN MANHOLE - Code 10 - 10 days

- Open Manhole, Damaged Manhole Cover, Unleveled/Open Drainage Cover, Unfit Cover
& Damaged Curb Inlet, Depressed Cover and Unleveled Cover
Recommendation: (1) Repair covers, opening edges, curb inlets and drainage gratings;
(2) Replace missing covers, curb inlets / drainage gratings

NO/INADEQUATE SEALANT IN JOINTS - Code 11 - 3 days

- Insufficient and No sealant joints
- Recommendation: Apply sealant on open and under sealed joints

CRACKS - Code 12 - 3 days

- Transverse, Longitudinal, Block, Corner, Diagonal, Reflection and Meandering Cracks
Recommendation: (1) Seal working cracks with asphalt sealant or pressurized concrete
epoxy; (2) Consider cross stitching for cracks on concrete

RAVELING - Code 13 - 7 days

- Progressive disintegration of pavement surface caused by loss of both binder and
aggregates
Recommendation: Removal/Replacement/Resealing, monitoring to the period of
reconstruction

UNMAINTAINED ROAD SIGNAGES - Code 14 - 3 days

- Vandalized, Leaning, Missing, Not Facing Traffic and Other Unmaintained Signage
Recommendation: Repair/Replacement or cleaning of signages

UNMAINTAINED BRIDGES - Code 15 - 3 days

- Damages Railings, Damaged Curb and Sidewalk, Cracking on Bridge Deck, Faded
Bridge Paint/Bridge Name and Obstructed Bridge Waterway
Recommendation: (1) Cleaning for deck and drain; Repair for curbs, wing wall, sidewalk
and railing; painting/repainting; installation of signages and bridge name; clearing of
bridge waterway ;;; (2) Repair scaling, spalling and cracking

D.O. No. 189, s. 2022 : Comprehensive Policy Guidelines on the Maintenance of National
Roads and Bridges
• it included Code 16 - UNMAINTAINED GUARDRAILS