Definition of chromatography

Chromatography is a technique used to

separate and identify different
components in a mixture. It works by
using a stationary phase (such as a solid or
a liquid) and a mobile phase (such as a gas
or a liquid) to separate the components of
a mixture based on their physical and
chemical properties. The components of
the mixture will move at different rates
through the stationary phase, resulting in
the separation of the mixture into its
individual components. This technique is
used in a variety of fields, including
chemistry, biology, and medicine, to
analyze and purify complex mixtures.

Chromatography terms -
 Adsorption - Adsorption
chromatography is a method that
separates a mixture of compounds
 based on their ability to stick to a solid
stationary phase.
 Absorption :- Absorption refers to the
process by which a substance takes in or
absorbs another substance. In
chromatography, it refers to the process
by which a solute is adsorbed to the
stationary phase.
 Mobile phase :- The mobile phase is the
fluid or gas that is used to move the
components of the mixture through the
stationary phase.
 Stationary phase :- The stationary phase
is the material that the mixture to be
separated is applied to. The stationary
phase can be a solid or liquid.
 Capillary column :- Capillary
chromatography is a method that uses a
thin tube packed with a stationary phase
to separate a mixture compounds.
Column chromatography is a method
of separating a mixture of compound
 by passing it through a column packed
with stationary phase.
 Elution :- Elution is the process of
washing a component out of the
stationary phase and into the mobile
phase.
 Eluate :-Eluate is a term used in
chromatography to refer to the mixture
of compounds that is collected after
elution from the stationary phase.
 Solute :- A solute is the substance that is
dissolved in a solvent. In
chromatography, it refers to the
compound or mixture of compounds
that is being separated.
 Flow rate :- The flow rate is the speed at
which the mobile phase is flowing
through the column or other stationary
phase. It is typically measured in
milliliters per minute (mL/min) or cubic
centimeters per minute (cc/min).
 Linear velocity :- Linear velocity is the
speed at which the mobile phase is
 flowing through the column or other
stationary phase, divided by the cross-
sectional area of the column or
stationary phase. It is typically measured
in centimeters per minute (cm/min).
Linear velocity is an important
parameter in chromatography as it can
affect the separation of the solute, the
resolution and the efficiency of the
separation.
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