WC Risk management

Starts at Planning Stage

Involves Well Planning

Rig and Equipment Selection, Redundancy

Well Design considerations

Operating Procedures, Policies, Bridging

Documents: More than 1 party

Training and Competency of Personnel

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

WC Risk management

Risk Assessment Matrix

-25 to -20 BLACK NON-OPERABLE: Evacuate the zone and or area/country

-16 to -10 RED INTOLERABLE: Do not take this risk

-9 to -5 YELLOW UNDESIRABLE: Demonstrate ALARP before proceeding
-4 to -2 GREEN ACCEPTABLE: Proceed carefully, with continuous improvement
-1 BLUE NEGLIGIBLE: Safe to proceed

Improbable

Unlikely

Possible

Likely

Probable
1 2 3 4 5

Risk Assessment Matrix

LIKELIHOOD

Light -1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
1L 2L 3L 4L 5L

Serious -2 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10
1S 1S 3S 4S 5S
SEVERITY

Major -3 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15

1M 2M 3M 4M 5M

Catastrophic -4 -4 -8 -12 -16 -20

1C 2C 3C 4C 5C

Multi-Catastrophic -5 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25

1MC 2MC 3MC 4MC 5MC

White arrow indicates decreasing risk

 How do we manage risk? 3 steps
Risk management is based on:

The systematic identification of hazards associated

with a task, before the task is started.

The systematic identification of the potential consequences caused

by the release of the hazard, and the measurement of the
probability and potential severity

The identification & implementation of prevention and/or mitigation

measures which will minimize the risk
 Risk Management in WC
Develop a Kill Plan
Evaluate the scenario
Supervisors need to develop Technical
Aspects of Kill Plan Plan.
Consult with a wide range of Sub experts

Communicate the Kill Plan to all involved Personnel) (Pre Kill Meeting)
Assign Roles and responsibilities

Identify and highlight the Key information (Data) that is required

Develop a JSA for Kill Process Identify Risks and mitigation measures

Out Line Crew change, Shift change, Handover, Overlap etc

Management of
Change Change in Conditions ( Problems on surface/Downhole)
 Risk Management in WC

Analyze Kill Log (Charts) While killing to identify Potential Problems

Underbalance/Excessive overpressure, Abnormal increase in DP/Csg Pr,

Choke openings etc

Safety Margins:

Required so that Slight fluctuation in BHP does not result in Underbalance

Rounding Up Kill Mud weight

Margins Used
All Margins together will
add up to Overpressure
SMargin On DP Pressure( ICP/FCP/Pr on Drop dn chart )
Annular Pressure Losses in Well act as overbalance
If not negligible, will cause overpressure

Fracture/Lost Control SMargin On Choke/Casing pressure

 Risk Management in WC

Kill Plan (Stoppage points)

DP Pr / Csg Pressure not as expected

Stoppage Points
should be outlined Pit Volume changes not according to Plan
in the Kill Plan(JSA) (Losses/Too big Gains) etc

Such As Surface Equipment Failures/Leaks etc

Observations, Reporting, corrective actions

Well Control
Complications
Well Control Complications
Washout / plugged string or bit nozzle
Washout / Plugged choke

Mud pump problems

Partial losses (20 - 50 bbl/hr)

Surface line parted on kick assembly

BOP’s choke line parted

Slim Hole Considerations

Surface pressure approaching MAASP

Packed off annulus

H2S Hydrates

Oil Base Mud

Incidents-Manifestations-Remedy
Problems
Drill string partly plugged
Drill string completely
plugged
Lose of bit nozzle
Drill string wash out
Pump, surface circuit failure abnormal pump
Surface circuit plugging
Choke wash out
Choke plugging
Important losses
Annulus partly plugged
Signs DPP CP BHP What to do
variation variation variation
Stabilisation of DPP
after an increase = = M aintain the new DPP in
circulation
Sharp increase of DPP Stop the pump, closing the well.
Use Volumetric method
Stabilisation of DPP
after a sharp drop = = M aintain the new DPP in
circulation
A need to reduce choke
opening to maintain
DPP constant
= = M aintain the previous DPP in
circulation
Drop of DPP and CP,
Stop circulation closing the well.
Prepare another circuit or pump
functioning
Stop circulation closing the well.
Sharp increase of DPP Prepare another circuit
A need to abnormally Stop circulation closing the well.
reduce continuously the
choke opening Prepare another choke
A need to abnormally Stop circulation closing the well.
increase continuously
the choke opening Prepare another choke
Flow return less than
Cure the losses
expected
Increase of DPP = Try to clean the annulus
(mechanically or with circulation)
Surface Pressure approaching MAASP
During well kill operations, the MAASP need to be considered only:
As long as the top of the kick is below the last casing shoe or the
weakest point in open hole.
If Casing Pressure ≥ MAASP and influx is still below shoe , This Means Kick
Taken is Bigger than Tolerance. Very Bad Scenario

Continue, this may not cause formation fracturing (Kick Fluids

are usually poor fracturing fluids)
Options
Reduce Any Extra pressure being Exerted on BH (Overbalance).
will be: Can consider reducing the pump but it will reduce negligible pressure on formation
and increase loading time
. To
Bullhead the kick :Evaluate the possibility, at the time of Shut in
Use Tertiary control method (barite / cement plug)

Warning
Do Not Try to Bleed Casing Pressure to keep Below MAASP. This will Reduce
BHP , Introduce More influx and result in even higher CP to maintain BHP
 H2S
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is one of the most poisonous of all naturally occuring
gases.

It is extremely toxic, explosive and heavier than air. ( H2S = 1.19 SG & Air = 1
SG )
When ignited it burns with a blue flame producing Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), which
also cause serious injury.

It occurs worldwide in various concentration. ( ppm = Parts Per Million )

1 ppm = you smell rotten egg odor
10 ppm = you may tolerate exposure for up to 8 hours
100 ppm = you lose sense of smell within 3 to 15 minutes
200 ppm = it kills sense of smell, burns your eyes and throat.
700 ppm = lethal concentration, ceases your entire nervous system.

BULLHEADING shall be the preferred of handling a kick whenever H2S is

suspected.
 Bridging Doc ( ) TB Cnt’d

Client and the Drilling Contractor and all involved parties

Project Manager to ensure that the bridging document is complete and

fully implemented prior to the commencement of operations.

To ensure all parties have the same information; to resolve well control
issues between different parties; to handle specific issues in relation to a
particular well/environment or legislative regime.

Resolve any Conflict in Policies (if there) between all parties before
beginning operations

To be communicated in Pre Spud Meeting

ERP TB Cont’d
The contingency plan must be written for the specific well(s) and specific rig(s)
and should be in place prior to spud

Among other things

It should contain the contacts with the blow-out companies, the sourcing of
contingency well control equipment and the organization structure to deal
with the emergency.

Decision points should be clearly identified in the contingency plan and

should be reviewed at the pre-spud meeting, as an example for offshore

Evacuate non-essential personnel.

Evacuate non-critical personnel (down-manning to minimum workforce).

Abandon well control.

Abandon the Rig