Lecture n°01

Text
Telecommunications technology transmits information by electromagnetic means over media
such as telephone wires or radio waves. The information may be voice, facsimile, data, radio,
or television signals. The electronic signals that are transmitted can be either analogue or digital.
The advantages of digital transmission are high reliability and low cost. Digital switching
systems are much cheaper than analogue systems. In analogue modulation, the signals are
transmitted directly (without converting them to digital form) by amplitude modulation or
frequency modulation. For digital transmission the analogue signals must be converted to a
digital form Then the digitized signal is passed through a source encoder, which reduces
redundant binary information. After source encoding, the digitized signal is processed in a
channel encoder, which introduces redundant information that allows errors (degradation by
noise or distortion) to be detected and corrected. The encoded signal is made suitable for
transmission by modulation onto a carrier wave. When a signal reaches its destination, the
device on the receiving end converts the electronic signal back into an understandable message
- sound on a telephone, images on a television, or words and pictures on a computer. There are
three main methods of electromagnetic signal transmission: wires, radio and optical.
Telecommunications is the fastest growing segment of technology today. Telecommunications
technologists are needed to plan, install and maintain state-of-the-art telephone systems, cable
TV and computer networks. Although technologists have knowledge of theoretical topics, they
tend to focus on salving practical design and application problems. Training covers a wide range
of telecoms-related topics.

A/ COMPREHENTION:
Q1: Give a title to the text
A suggested title for this text is: A numerical transmission system
Q2: Draw the digital transmission system

Information CAN Source Encoder Channel Encoder Modulator

From the transmitter

Source Channel
Information Channel Demodulator
CNA (wires, radio,
To the receiver Decoder Decoder
optical

Q3: What are the methods of electromagnetic signal transmissions?

Teacher : Mr.GOUMIDI Mohammed Abdessamad

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 Lecture n°01

There are three main methods of electromagnetic signal transmission: wires, radio and optical.
Q4: What do the telecommunications technologists do?
Telecommunications technologists are needed to plan, install and maintain state-of-the-art
telephone systems, cable TV and computer networks.

B/ VOCABULARY:
Q1: Give the synonym of: facsimile
Facsimile= copy

C/ WRITTEN & ORAL EXPRESSION:

HOMEWORK:
Answer these questions in a few lines: (6 to 10 lines)
1-What is your specialty? (Give the name of your specialty)
2-Why did you choose this specialty? (Give a logical argument)
3-Give two or more than two fields of application related with your specialty
4-Choose a field of application and describe the function of the engineer (you can discuss your
internship)

Teacher : Mr.GOUMIDI Mohammed Abdessamad

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 Lecture n°01

GLOSSARY
Signal Is an information, whivh can be video image or picture…ect
CAN Analogue digital converter which converts the analogue signal to digital
signal
Source Encoder The Source encoder (or Source coder) converts the input i.e. symbol
sequence into a binary sequence of 0’s and 1’s by assigning code
words to the symbols in the input sequence
Source Decoder the source decoder converts the binary output of the channel decoder
into a symbol sequence
Channel The Channel provides the electrical connection between the source
and destination. The different channels are: Pair of wires, Coaxial
cable, Optical fibre, Radio channel, Satellite channel or combination
of any of these.
Channel encoder Error control is accomplished by the channel coding operation that
consists of systematically adding extra bits to the output of the source
coder. These extra bits do not convey any information but helps the
receiver to detect and / or correct some of the errors in the
information bearing bits.
Channel decoder The Channel decoder recovers the information bearing bits from the
coded binary stream. Error detection and possible correction is also
performed by the channel decoder .
Modulator A modulator is an electronic circuit that superimposes a low-frequency
(information) signal onto a high-frequency (carrier) signal for the purpose
of wireless transmission. The reason for this is that higher frequency
signals can be received using shorter aerials, which are more practical
than longer ones. The information signal can be either analog or digital.
The modulator circuit superimposes the information signal onto the
carrier signal by modifying one of the properties of the carrier, i.e.,
amplitude, frequency, or phase.

Modulation the act or process of superimposing the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc,
of a wave or signal onto another wave (the carrier wave) or signal

Teacher : Mr.GOUMIDI Mohammed Abdessamad

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 Lecture n°01

Demodulator demodulator is an electronic circuit (or computer program in a software-

defined radio) that is used to recover the information content from the
modulated carrier wave

Demodulation Demodulation is extracting the original information-bearing signal from

a carrier wave

Carrier wave A radio wave that can be modulated in order to transmit a signal.
CNA Digital analogue converter converts the digital signal to analogue signal
Facsimile Device for transmitting documents, drawings, photographs by means of
radio or telephone for exact reproduce

Teacher : Mr.GOUMIDI Mohammed Abdessamad

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