NOTES OF

*SHORI METALLURGY
*
Mineal2 found in side eatth cust-must contain
metal
02e-Dmine2al Must contain igh d dmetalL
AL 0s a2e minezals ue
AlL Minergls 42e o2es lse

3 Gangue-impuaities matix
Sulphide ore Oide 02e
ronpyiteFeS2 Hamatit iaba eH
Coppe2 puzite Cufes2 Limonite Fes30HT
Ag2S magneitt Fea04 HT
ilve glance CugSi pu2olusitt MnD2 URT -
Coppez qlance
ZnS Bquxite Ak0s.2H;0 Gox
inc Zine bonde Casetnite SnOa Cassetle
pbs Ltho2gie Pho2 litho2gic
Grqyg Galena CuA0 Ruby.cepa
Cupaike
Cinnabaz2 Hgs
Cinema Zn0.2ncit pluilsophea
C022endum A203

atbonge 62e psum

alamine ZnC03
CuCOa CaCOH)2 Ma(03.7H20
Malachile
Azuaite 2Cuc0s. CulGH)2
idesiteFec03
kimestone (ac0
magnesite Mg(03
dofomite MgC03.CaC03
(e22usikePbc0a
 Halide ore
lornspaa Caf2-
Hon Silver Agc NgaAEE
Cayalite
Keanalitekci.Mgtla. 6H2

Metallu29y 02P metal-

A Step
OConcentration 02e
avit SepgraHon
ravitySEséparation_
glinaien magnelic

02e oxide Roasting roth loatoHon

9 oxide metal eachin9
Retining
elingham djaqram
polling ReacHivity SeHes Pometallugy
distillatien
3 liquation Self Reducion
4) Cupelaion Elecirn metallurg
Bessimezaian
6 20ne 2einning
monds pnceis Hammeunng
Van Azkl pntes QUshinq
lectroly Hc REHning g2indinq
K Amvity Sepa2ation
di1ie2ence in densit ole 4 impu2t
tE Fez03
EHudtolyix washinq
Feviq.aHon
 *magneHc Sepgrgion
dTerence in maqnetic charaLte
blu 02e 4 inpu2iy
Poideked 02e

mugneic
Impuže wheels g SnD2 (asscteHt
SAA RT non-magnetic pu2e nstone
Hloatation_ magnetic impužit LFell044 Mni
X oth
SUlphide 02e uoH ramit
ditaenceIn weltahility Co-CaHs
02 O1 Co0zdingte hond uw-
Impu2e Uafe2_
s ith metal d sulphide
mth caeatu2 fme ail, campho2 oil
Activato2 Sodium ethyl xanthate
Cufes2 Anth siabilize phenol esol Anillne
(U2S
PbS More one
than sulphide o2e
bepTessert (CN)4-
Zn + PbS
leachingg
NatN oxidizing
LCuSo CActiYaa).-
Bauxit
ia03+
02
Na0H
5olvent
NaAl02 t H20
Al203.XH20 + NaHC03
Soluble.
Suda ble ReagenT Al203
 Cxtvaction sAg, Au
Cyanide proceis
Ag(CN)2] + koH +kasN
Agt kCN+ 02t Ha0 k LZnCCN)4
Na
Auzth
RLAgCNDA+Zn Agt ke
CAu CCN)2]+k
kcN
Au_+ CCN) 02+ H20 k k2 LZn
CCNJ4Ja
k LAu 2+ Zn Aut
RoasHng-
Calcinafon
Hedting a12
HeaHing supply
*absent 12 * imited
belo mP * below MP

Cg2bonate C03 Sulphide 02

Oxide 02 Pbo +S0
Hydtated oxide Ha0 Pbst d2 (U20+ SO2
hydrotideOH CuzS 4 02

Al203.2H20AlL03+ H20
Fea03 + Fe2O
fa03.2H20
AlCOH)a Al203 Hab t02
nC03 n0 tcO
CaCOg Caot REVERRERATORY FURNACE
 aux 4Slag
+inHusible impu2ity ag
HUX
Lwhich an melt metal
Susible impu2ify

Acidic lux
Bauc
Baic
React
lux
React with gddic
Imputy impu2ity
FeOt SiO 2 Fesi03 Sf02 a(02 CgS103
Basie Aidic
Impu2ity Impuaity_

Elingham didg2am AG= AH-TOS

Plof blu 04luaxis) and T (9xis)
oxide_
ine
A
lowe line can 2educe uppO metal 2tduing
line 2 MLe loue the line is mo2e bette Is the
agent Melting point
Line 3 sharp tuan/Sydden
A
mq0
mg t02
m
1300
 Fe 40aFeg04
C02
O102
+02 CO2-
Co
Ct02
Btoee LoZ3.k, (o
15 agood 2eduin
073k agent
2educing egen
Ate 1073, Co is qcod
+Pu2ometolluagu

Please putaium ga0 AgtL0z

Higk StOp Sodium
eatHVE Calin9
me
Cdlum
mdgneium
Au20- Au 02
Auninium Pta0 A+02
Cute CQ2bon
SMtHng_Zebrg in
T2on ReductHonmetal oxide
Reduticn never Nickel by
mo2e
Ith (azbenToday in_ lecdoposihve metals
like
ead -0 Aluminium themitt pro
he Hydmgen Oa03 tAI Alz03 t C2
Fea03+ A
Smar
0gt
Railunay
rack
Al203+
e
upelding
pO02
plaHnum
2 Collspmess
licls 42Mg2Mg(l2T
 Seli Reduction
Pbs t 02 Pbo+soO2
Pbot PbS> Pbt S02 CuSt02 ua0+ S02
(uz0t (uaS (u tSo
Blisier coppe due
ReHning
Pelling gE cotainer t resh gooodenlog Hydncarbon
Cut
Reducing
dget CU,Sn
ADis Hllation
Plow Zn,Cd, Hg
LiquaHien MP lo Volatile Sn, Ph, Bi
A upelation
When a meial impueity_ is present in_other neble me
tal Ag, Au, Pt_
Agoe
Pbimpuzity
+
02 Aga0 t Pho
S brsemezation lister Coppe auto 2eduction self educhian
CuaS CFe impuaity) +02 (u26 +S02
Cua0 t Cu2š(u
B.Coppt
S0z fest02 fe0t S02
feotSi0z-FeSi0
Zone 2etiningsemiconducto2

andple impuzities
E MOhe soluble in molten staft
Valakile
Ond's_prn ceu Mo, Ni, (o NitCo NiCCo)4-L Ni to-
212
Atkelprncess TT7 I+J2 T:T4 Tt
Silye Riining £lecirometallurgy
Cafhode Pue d uT Ag
AnodeJmpuze HTZT
Ag-
electrolyk AgNOs
 KoaHng deliKeduction
Coppe nth lodkafion> Beusemaintu
CuFeSa Cu)
Reining
6xracHon tAluminium
Al:03.2H20> legching_
caluination
NaoH=
:
Na£l02t.EleidMe
impuzity BayerSAl03tAINH H20AlOAgy
0 ma
Si02_ImpuAiky Sezpeik Al20z1 Ha0. J
Si0z impuiity Hl03
lmot
"Halls Alzoat
Naal0MaAl02t H20)
AllOH)31NH3

AlCo4
Ala03
Al203
ltcdnluic Reining

-CothodeSteel
Anode20phute
Elec yte Koj bhu sol" sat
Metallu»a (Charqed Fea0s +GG
Tnn
Blast HUMgnce
) Combustion 20ne s00-1600 C Hroat
Reduchon 20ne 80
0-700c
) Slag ormation20ne 800-1000
uuon 20ne 1200-I500c
'c
O ombushion Collect COllect
20ne Slaq Heazt
E t0z >(02 heat_ lhgmetal
(02 +C
ReduchHon
t(0
20ne
Fe203 t (0
A4uon 20ne
res O4 FeG+Fesb4 Fers)
Fetn
)Slag ommation
20ne loFe
Ca0t Si 0z (ofihi
 melhng ig n9(95 4Hardbittle
Seapiron (dst wn C2s- s fuzest mn
uhough imn C 0.2o
Aloy
insleel
FetC 0.2 o- S lo