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Teknik Riset Operasional

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

TEKNIK RISET OPERASIONAL

OLEH

BASRUDDIN 09 014 024 030

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

A. Defenisi Riset Operasional

Riset Operasional berasal dari Inggris yang merupakan suatu has

stud
studii oper
operas
asii – oper
operas
asii mili
milite
terr sela
selama
ma Pera
Perang
ng Duni
Dunia
a II.
II. Isti
Istila
lah
h

operasional pertama kali digunakan pada tahun 1940 oleh Mc Closky da

Treft
Trefthen
hen di suatu
suatu kota
kota kecil,
kecil, Bowds
Bowdsey,
ey, Inggr
Inggris.
is. Kata
Kata operas
operasio
ional
nal dap

didefinisikan sebagai tindakan – tindakan yang diterapkan pada beberap

masalah atau hipotesa. Sementara riset dapat didefinisikan sebagai suat

proses
proses yang terorgan
terorganisasi
isasi dalam mencari
mencari kebenar
kebenaran
an akan masalah
masalah

hipotesa.

Bebe
Bebera
rapa
pa defe
defeni
nisi
si rise
risett oper
operas
asio
iona
nall yang
yang dike
dikemu
muka
kaka
kakn
kn

beberapa ahli antara lain :

1. Riset Operasional adalah penerapan metode-metode ilmiah terhada

lah-
lah- lah
lah mit
mit ul dala
dala ah
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

3. Riset
Riset operas
operasii adalah
adalah seni
seni membe
memberik
rikan
an jawaba
jawaban
n buruk
buruk terhad
terhad

masalah-masalah,
masalah-masalah, yang jika tidak, memiliki jawaban yang lebih buru

(T.L. Saaty).

4. Riset operasi adalah pendekatan

pendekatan dalam pengambilan
pengambilan keputusan yan

ditan
ditandai
dai deng
dengan
an pengg
pengguna
unaan
an penget
pengetahu
ahuan
an ilmiah
ilmiah melal
melalui
ui usa

kelom
kelompok
pok antar
antar disipl
disiplin
in yang
yang bertu
bertujua
juan
n menen
menentuk
tukan
an pengg
pengguna
una

terbaik sumber daya yang terbatas. (Hamdi A. Taha).

5. Riset
Riset operas
operasii dalam
dalam arti
arti luas
luas dapat
dapat diarti
diartika
kan
n sebag
sebagai
ai penera
penera

metode-metode, teknikteknik, dan alat-alat terhadap masalah-masala

yang menyang
menyangkut
kut operasi-o
operasi-opera
perasi
si dari
dari sistem-s
sistem-siste
istem,
m, sedemiki
sedemiki

rupa
rupa sehin
sehingga
gga membe
memberik
rikan
an penye
penyeles
lesaia
aian
n optim
optimal.
al. (Churchma

 Ackoff, dan Arnoff).

B. Model-Mod
Model-Model
el RO.

Model adalah abstraksi atau penyederhanaan realitas sistem yan

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

simulasi digunakan untuk menyelidiki hubungan yang ada diantara banya

variabel dalam suatu model. Model dapat diklasifikasikan dalam banyak cara

misalnya menurut jenisnya, dimensinya, fungsinya, tujuannya, subyekny

atau derajad abstraksinya. Criteria yang paling biasa adalah jenis mode

Jenis dasar itu meliputi:

a. Iconic
Iconic (Phys
(Physica
ical)
l) Mode
Model 
l 

Iconic model adalah suatu penyajian fisik yang tampak seperti asliny

dari suatu sistem nyata dengan skala yang berbeda. Contoh model i

adalah mainan anakanak, potret, histogram, maket dan lain-lain.

b. Ana
Analogu
logue
e Mode
Model 
l 

Model analogue lebih abstrak disbanding model iconic, karena ta

keliha
kelihatan
tan sama
sama antar
antara
a mode
modell denga
dengan
n sistem
sistem nyata
nyata.. Conto
Contohny
hny

 jaringan pipa tempat air mengalir dapat digunakan dengan pengertia

yang sama sebagai distribusi aliran listrik Contoh lain adalah pet

dengan bermacam-macam warna merupakan model analog diman

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

sist
sistem
em nyat
nyata
a tida
tidak
k sela
selalu
lu dapa
dapatt diek
dieksp
spre
resi
sika
kan
n dala
dalam
m rumu
rumu

matem
matemati
atik.
k. Model
Model ini dapat
dapat dibed
dibedaka
akan
n menja
menjadi
di deter
determin
minist
istic
ic

probabil
probabilistic
istic.. Model
Model determin
deterministi
istic
c dibentuk
dibentuk dalam
dalam situasi
situasi kepastia
kepastia

(certainty).
(certainty). Model ini memerlukan penyederhanaan-penyederhanaa

dari
dari realit
realitas
as karen
karena
a kepas
kepastia
tian
n jarang
jarang terjad
terjadi.
i. Model
Model proba
probabil
bil

melipu
iputi kasus
asus-k
-kas
asus
us dima
imana dias
iasumsika
ikan ketid
etidak
akp
pas

(uncertainty).
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

BAB II
PROGRAM LINEAR DAN METODE SIMPLEX

A. Program
Program Linear 
Linear 

Program linear adalah salah satu model matematika yang digunaka

untuk
untuk menye
menyeles
lesaik
aikan
an masa
masalah
lah optim
optimisa
isasi,
si, yaitu
yaitu mema
memaksi
ksimu
mumk
mkan
an

meminimumkan fungsi tujuan yang bergantung pada sejumlah variabel inpu

Hal
Hal terp
terpen
enti
ting
ng yang
yang perl
perlu
u kita
kita laku
lakuka
kan
n adal
adalah
ah menca
encari
ri tah
tahu tu

penyelesaian masalah dan apa penyebab masalah tersebut.

Dua macam fungsi Program Linear: 

1. Fung
Fungsi
si tuju
tujuan
an : meng
mengar
arah
ahka
kan
n anal
analis
isa
a untu
untuk
k mend
mendet
etek
eksi
si tu

perumusan masalah

2. Fungs
Fungsii kenda
kendala
la : untuk
untuk menget
mengetahu
ahuii sumber
sumber daya yang
yang terse
tersedia
dia da

permintaan atas sumber daya tersebut.

M l hM k i i i
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

Kebutuhan setiap unit produk akan bahan baku dan jam tenaga ker

dapat dilihat dalam table berikut:

Kedua jenis produk memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 40 ju

untuk kain sutera dan Rp 30 juta untuk kain wol. Masalahnya adala

bagaim
bagaiman
ana
a menent
menentuka
ukan
n jumlah
jumlah unit
unit setiap
setiap jenis
jenis produ
produk
k yang
yang ak

diproduksi setiap hari agar keuntungan yang diperoleh bisa maksimal.

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

4) Membuat
Membuat grafik
grafik

1. 2X1 + 3 X 2=60

X1= 0, X2 = 60/3 = 20

X2= 0, X1= 60/2 = 30

2. 2X2 ≤ 30

X2=15

3. 2X1 + X2 ≤ 40

X1= 0, X2 = 40

X2= 0, X1 = 40/2 = 20
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

Cara mendapatkan solusi optimal:

1. Dengan mencari nilai Z setiap titik ekstrim.

- Titi
Titik
kA

X1 = 0, X2 = 0

masukkan nilai X 1 dan X2 ke Z

Z = 40 . 0 + 30 . 0 = 0

- Titi
Titik
kB

X1 = 20, X 2 = 0

masukkan nilai X 1 dan X2 ke Z

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

masukkan nilai X 1 dan X2 ke Z

40X1 + 30X2 = 40 . 15 + 30 . 10 = 600 + 300 = 900 (optimal)

- Titi
Titik
kD

2X2 = 30

X2 = 15

masukkan X2 ke kendala (1)

2X1 + 3 . 15 = 60

2X1 + 45 = 60

2X1 = 15 ⇔ X1 = 7,5
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

2. Dengan cara menggeser

menggeser garis fungsi
fungsi tujuan.
tujuan.

Solusi
Solusi optim
optimal
al akan
akan terca
tercapai
pai pada
pada saat
saat garis
garis fungs
fungsii tuj

meny
menyin
ingg
ggun
ung
g daer
daerah
ah feas
feasib
ible
le (dae
(daera
rah
h yang
yang dili
dilipu
puti
ti oleh
oleh se

kendala
kendala)) yang
yang terjauh
terjauh dari titik origin.
origin. Pada
Pada gambar,
gambar, solusi opti

tercapai pada titik C yaitu persilangan garis kendala (1) dan (3).

- Titi
Titik
kC

Mencari titik potong (1) dan (3)

2X1 + 3X2 = 60

2X1 + X2 = 40

2X2 = 20
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

b. Masalah Minimisasi

Minimisas
Minimisasii dapat
dapat berupa
berupa meminim
meminimumka
umkan
n biaya
biaya produksi
produksi.. Solu

optimal tercapaipada
tercapaipada saat garis fungsi tujuan menyinggung daerah fasib

yang terdekat dengan titik origin.

Contoh :
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

3. Fung
Fungsi
si kendal
kendala
a

1) 2X1 + X2 ≥ 8
 (vitamin)

2) 2X1 + 3X2 ≥ 12 (protein)

3) X1 ≥ 2

4) X2 ≥ 1
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

Solusi optimal tercapai pada titik B (terdekat dengan titik origin), yait

persilangan garis kendala (1) dan (2).

2X1 + X2 = 8

2X1 + 3X2 = 12

-2X2 = -4 ⇔ X
 2=2
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

B. Metode
Metode Simplex
Simplex

Metode grafik tidak dapat menyelesaikan persoalan linear progra

yang memilki variabel keputusan yang cukup besar atau lebih dari dua, mak

untuk menyelesaikannya digunakan Metode Simplex. Beberapa ketentua

yang perlu diperhatikan, antara lain:

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TUGAS INDIVIDU

Kendala:

1) 2X1 ≤ 8


2) 3X2 ≤ 15

3) 6X1 + 5X2 ≤ 30
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

3. Memilih
Memilih kolom
kolom kunci
kunci
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

sehingga tabel menjadi seperti berikut :

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TUGAS INDIVIDU
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TUGAS INDIVIDU

C. Penyimpangan
Penyimpangan – Penyimpangan Bentuk
Bentuk Standar 
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