MIDTERMS o Rizal deleted certain passages in his

manuscript
HIS 007: Life and Works of Rizal
 Elias and Salome
LESSON 10  Feb 21, 1887
o Noli was finished and ready for printing
 Gloomy Winter of 1886 in Berlin
 Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft
o Darkest winter
o Printing shop which charged the lowest
 No money arrived from
rate
Calamba
 300 for 2,000 copies
 He was flat broke
 March 29, 1887
 Diamond ring given by
o Noli Me Tangere came off the press
Saturnina was in the pawnshop
 In his token of appreciation and gratitude, Rizal
 Memorable in Rizal’s Life because of 2 reasons:
gave Viola the galley proofs of Noli, carefully
o It was a painful episode for he was
rolled around the pen that he used in writing it
hungry, sick, and despondent in a
and a complimentary copy
strange city
o “to my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the
o It brought him great joy because his
first to read and appreciate my work –
first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off
Jose Rizal” inscription
the press in March 1887
Title of the Novel
The Writing of the Noli Me Tangere
 Noli Me Tangere
 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Canbin
o Latin phrase
o Inspired Rizal to prepare a novel that
o Touch me Not
would depict the miseries of his people
o Not originally conceived by Rizal
under the lash of Spanish tyrants
o Took it from bible
 Reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno Residence
o Dedicated to the Philippines
o Madrid, January 2, 1884
 “To my country”
o Rizal proposed the writings of a novel
o Cover was designed by Rizal
about the Philippines by a group of
 Ketch of explicit symbols
Filipinos
 Woman’s head atop a Maria
 End of 1884
Clara bodice
o Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid
- Nation and the women,
and finished about one half of it
victims of social cancer
 Paris, 1885
 Friar’s feet
o After completing his studies in Central
- One of the causes of
University of Madrid, he continued
social cancer
writing the novel, half of second half
 Guard’s helmet and iron chains
 Germany
- Cause of oppression
o Rizal finished the last fourth
and discrimination
 Wilhelmsfeld, April-June, 1886  Slight cluster of bamboo stands
o He wrote the last few chapters at the backdrop
 Berlin, winter days of February 1886 - People, forever in the
o Rizal made the final revisions on the background of their
o manuscript own country’s history
The Man who saved the Noli  Cross, maze, flowers, thorny
plants, flame
 Maximo Viola – friend from Bulacan - Religious policy
o Loaned Rizal funds to publish the novel - Misdirected ardor
 After Christmas Season - People strangled
 o Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
o Filipino patriot and a lawyer, exiled due
to his complicity in the Cavite Mutiny of
1872
o Read avidly the Noli and was very much
impressed by its author
 Writing to Felix Hidalgo in French, March 5,
1887
o “Noli Me Tangere, words taken from
the gospel of ST. Luke, signify “do not
touch me”
 Rizal made a mistake; it should
bethe Gospel of St. John
(Chapter 20 Verses 13-17)
Characters of Noli
 Maria Clara
o Leonor Rivera
 Ibarra and Elias
o Rizal
 Tasio
o Paciano
 Padre Salvi
o Padre Antonio Piernavieja, hated
Augustinian friar in Cavite who was
killed by the patriots during the
Revolution
 Capitan Tiago
o Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas
 Dona Victorina
o Dona Agustina Medel
 Basilio and Crispin
o Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy
 Padre Damaso
o Typical of a domineering friar during the
days of Rizal, who was arrogant,
immoral, and anti-Filipino
Social Cancer in the novel
 Absence of a meaningful governance
 Abuse of church power
 Lack of nationalism and lost of identity of indios
(Filipinos)
LESSON 11: RIZAL’S TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA,
1887
 May 11, 1887
o Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train
o Headed to Dresden, Germany
o Visit coincided with the floral exposition
 In museum of Art
o Rizal was impressed by a painting of
Promentheus Bound
First Meeting with Blumentritt
 1:30pm of May 13, 1887
o Arrived at railroad station of Leitmeritz
Bohemia
o Rizal and Blumentritt met in person
 Prof Blumentritt – kind-hearted, old Austrian
professor
o Took Rizal into his heart and loved him
as a son
 May 13-17, 1887
o Rizal and Viola stayed in Leitmeritz
Beautiful Memories of Leitmeritz
 Warm hospitality of the Blumentritt fam
 Blumentritt served as his tourist guide
 Burgomaster – town mayor
o Amazed by Rizal as he can speak French
and German which he studied for only
11 months
 Tourist’s Club of Leitmeritz
o Blumentritt was the secretary
o Visited one afternoon
o Rizal spoke in German to the officers
and members
 Dr. Carlos Czepelak
o Renowned scientist of Europe
 Prof Robert Klutschak
o Eminent naturalist
 May 17, 1887, 9:45AM
o Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train
Prague and Vienna
 Dr. Welkomm
o Prof of natural history in University of
Prague
 “nothing of importance happened here”
o According to Viola
  May 20, 1887  June 23, 1887
o Rizal and Viola arrived in Vienna, capital o They parted ways
of Austria-Hungary  Viola returned to Barcelona
 Vienna  Rizal continued tour to Italy
o Queen of Danube  After a week of wonderful stay in Rome
 Bec of beautiful buildings, o Rizal prepared to return to the
religious images, haunting Philippines
waltez and majestic charm  Already written to his father
 Norfentals that he was coming home
o Greatest Austrian novelists who was
LESSON 12: BACK TO CALAMBA (1887-88)
favrably impressed by Rizal
o “whose genius he so much admired”  Warned by Paciano, Silvestre Ubaldo (brother-
in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio), and other
Danubian Voyage to Lintz
friends
 May 25, 1887 o Publication of Noli
o Left Vienna on a river boat to see o Uproar it caused among the friars
beautiful sights of Danube River  Reasons of returning
o Passengers on the riverboat were using o Operate on his mother’s eyes
napkins during the meals o Serve his people who had been long
 Novelty to Rizal oppressed by Spanish tyrants
 Paper napkins were “more o Find out for himself how Noli and his
hygienic and economical than other writings were affecting Filipinos
cloth napkins” – Viola and Spaniards in the Philippines
o Inquire why Leonor Rivera remained
From Lintz to Rheinfall
silent
 Munich  June 29, 1887
o Where they stayed for a short time to o Wrote to his father announcing his
enjoy Munich beer homecoming on the 15th of July
 Reputed to be the best in  I shall embark for our country,
Germany so that from 15th to 30th of
 Nuremberg (From Munich) August, we shall see each other
o One of the oldest cities of Germany
Delightful Trip to Manila
 The Cathedral of Ulm (aft Munich)
o Tallest cathedral in all Germany  Left Rome by train for Marseilles (French port)
 Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of which he reached without mishap
the Rhine) (Aft Ulm)  July 3, 1887
 Rheinfall o Rizal boarded the Steamer Djemnah,
o They saw the waterfall same steamer which brought him to
 “most beautiful waterfall of Europe 5 years ago
Europe”  July 30, 1887, Saigon
o Rizal transferred to another steamer,
Geneva
Haiphong – Manila-bounded
 Swiss city  August 2, 1887
 One of the most beautiful cities in Europe o Steamer left Saigon for Manila
 Visited by tourists every year
Happy Homecoming
 June 19, 1887
o Rizal treated Viola a blowout  August 8, 1887
o 26th bday o Rizal returned to Calamba
  He established a medical clinic  Rizal was forced to leave his country for a 2 nd
o First patient – mother; almost blind time in Feb 1888 hounded by his powerful
 Doctor Uliman enemies
o Rizal  Full-grown man, 27yo, practicing physician, a
o Bec ha came from Germany, treated recognized man-of-letters
their ailments, soon acquired a lucrative
The Trip to Hongkong
medical practice
 Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks  Feb 3, 1888
o He introduced European sports o Left Manila for Hongkong on board the
 Suffered one failure Zafiro
o During 6 months in Calamba, he failed  Feb 7, 1888
to see Leonor Rivera o Zafiro made a stopover at Amoy
 Didn’t get of the ship at Amoy
Storm over the Noli
for 3 reasons
 Storm broke over his novel aft few weeks of  Was not feeling well
arrival  Was raining hard
 Received a letter form governador general  He heard the city was
Emilio Terrero to come to Malacanan dirty
o Novel contained subversive ideas  Feb 8, 1888
o Rizal denied it o Arrived in Hongkong
o To prove, he finds a copy of his novel o Welcomed by Filipino residents
and fortunately the governor general s including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino
a liberal-minded and he believed Rizal Mauricio, and Manuel Yriate (son of
Francisco Yriate, alcalde mayor of
Farewell to Calamba Laguna)
 Friars asked the governor general to deport him  Jose Sainz Varanda
o Governor general refused o Spaniard
 There was no valid charge o Former sec of Gov Gen Terrero
 Rizal was compelled to eave calamba for two o Shadowed Rizal’s movement i
reasons Hongkong
o His presence was jeopardizing the o It was believed that he was
safety and happiness of his family and commissioned by the Spanish
friends authorities to spy on Rizal
o He could fight better his enemies and  Feb 16, 1888
serve his country’s cause with greater o Rizal wrote to Blumentritt saying that
efficacy by writing in foreign countries Hongkong “is a small, but very clean
 Before Rizal left Calamba in 1888 city”
o Friend from Lipa requested to write a
Visit to Macao
poem in commemoration of the town’s
elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the  Macao
Becerra Law of 1888 o Portuguese colony near Hongkong
 Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) o According to Rizal, small, low, and
o Poem written by Rizal dedicated to the gloomy
industrious folks of Lipa o There are many junks, sampans, but
few steamers
LESSON 13: HONGKONG, MACAO, JAPAN, 1888’
o Looks sad and is almost dead
In Hongkong and Macao, 1888  Feb 18, 1888
 o Rizal accompanied by Basa, boarded the
ferry steamer, Kiu-Kang, for Macao
o Rizal witnessed a catholic possession
 The devotees were dressed in
blue and purple and were
carrying unlighted candles
 Rizal and Basa stayed at Don Francisco Lecaros
while in Macao
o Filipino gentleman married to a
Portuguese lady
 Feb 20, 1888
o They returned to Hongkong on board
Kiu-Kang
 Rizal left Hongkong on board the Oceanic
Romance with O-Sei-San
o American steamer
o Destination was Japan
 British Protestant missionary
o Rizal’s cabin mate
o “a good man”
Romantic Interlude in Japan 1888
 Feb 28-April 13, 1888
o One of the happiest interludes
 Sojourn in Japan for one and a
half month
 Feb 28, 1888
o Early morning of tuesday
o Arrived in Yokohama
o Registered at the grand hotel
 Stayed from March 2-7
 Wrote to Prof Blumentritt
o “Tokyo is more expensive than Paris.
The walls are built in cyclopean manner.
The streets are large and wide”
 Juan Perez Caballero
o Sec of Spanish legation
o Visited Rizal at his hotel who latter
invited him to live at the Spanish
Legation
 Rizal accepted for 2 reasons
o He could economize his living expenses
by staying at the legation
o He had nothing to hide from the prying
eyes of the Spanish authorities
 Things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan
o Beauty of the country – the flowers,
mountains, streams, scenic panoramas
LESSON 15: RIZAL’S 2ND SOJOURN IN PARIS
o Cleanliness, politeness, and the industry
of the Japanese people
o The picturesque dress and simple
charm of the Japanese women
o There were few thieves in Japans, so
that the houses remained open day and
night, and in hotel room one could
safely leave money on the table
o Beggars were rarely seen in the city,
streets, unlike in Manila and other cities
 However Rizal didn’t like Japan’s “Rickshaws”
o Popular mode of transportation drawn
by men
 O-sei-san
o Lovely young women who is fluent in 3
languages – Japanese, English, and
French
o Rizal was glad to converse w her in
English and French
 Rizal was impressed by the girl’s cameo-like
beauty, charming tenderness, and high
intelligence
 Rizal made almost visit to O-sei-San.
 Their friendship bloomed into romance
 Spent a happy month visiting old temples and
art galleries, walking along the cold meadow in
the moonlight, etc
 Almost tempted to settle down in Japan bec of
oseisan; but then the world, in general, and thr
Philippines, in articular would have lost a Rizal
 April 13, 1888
o Rizal left Japan boarded the Belgic,
American steamer bound to US
 Tetcho Suehiro
o Fighting Japanese journalist, novelist
and champion of human rights
o Forced by the Japanese government to
leave the country
o Rizal befriended on board the Belgic
 April 13-Dec 1, 1888
o 8 mos of acquaintanceship of Rizal and
Tetcho
o They parted ways bidding each other’s
goodbye
o They never met again
Rizal’s 2nd Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition  Indios Bravos
in 1889 o Replaced the ephemeral Kidlt club
o Its members pledged to excel in
 March 1889
intellectual and physical prowess to win
o Extremely difficult for a visitor t find
the admiration of the freigner
living quarters in Paris
o Practice with great enthusiasm the use
 Valentin Ventura’s house at No. 45 Rue
of sword and pistol
Maubeuge
o Rizal taught them judo
o Where Rizal lived for a short time
 Asian art of self-defense, he
o Where he polished his annotated
learned in Japan
edition of Morga’s book
 Used most of his time in the reading room of Annotated Edition of Morga Published
the Bibliotheque Nationale (Nationa Library)
 Outstanding achievement in Paris
checking up his historical annotations on
o Publication in 1980 of his annotated
Morga’s book
editions of Morga’s Sucecos, which he
 3 Pardo de Taveras
wrote in Britis Museum
o Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera
 Printed by Garnier Freres
 Physician by vocation and
 Prologue was written by Prof
philologist by avocation
Blumentritt uon the req of Rizal
o Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera
 Dedicated to the Filipino people
 Physician by vocation and an
so that they would know the
artist and sculptor by avocation
glorious past
o Paz Pardo de Tavera
 Title page: “Paris, Liberia de
 Wife of Juan Luna
Garnier Hermanos, 1980”
 May 6, 1889
 Philippines within a century
o Opening of Universal exposition of Paris
o Article written by Rizal which he
o Eiffel Tower
expressed his views on the Spanish
 Greatest attraction of this
Colonization in the PHL and predicted
exposition
with amazing accuracy the tragic end of
 984 ft high, built by Alexander
Spain’s sovereignty in Asia
Eiffel, celebrated French
 The Indolence of the Filipinos
engineer
o Essay of Riza
Kidlat Club & Indios Bravos o Prestigious work of historical
scholarship
 March 19, 1889
o Able defense of the alleged indolence of
o Same day when he arrived in Paris from
the Filipinos
London
o Rizal made a critical study of the causes
o Organized his paisanos (compatriots)
why his people didn’t work hard during
into a society – Kidlat club
the Spanish regime
 Kidlat club  Main thesis: Filipinos were not
o Purely social society of a temporary by nature indolent
nature founded by Rizal  International Association of Filipinologists
o To bring together young Filipinos in the o Association proposed by Rizal to
French capital so that they could enjoy establish taking advantage of world
their sojourn in the city during the attention which was then focused at the
duration of Universal Exposition Universal Exposition in 1889 in Paris and
 Rizal was encountered by the dignified and have its inaugural convention in the
proud bearing of the American Indians in a French capital
Buffalo Bull show  Project for Filipino College in HongKong
 o Magnificent project of Rizal in Paris
o Fizzled out was his plan to establish
modern college in Hongkong
 Por Telefono
o Satirical work as a reply to slanderer Fr.
Salvador Font
 Masterminded the banning of
his Noli, in the fall of 1889
 It was published in a
booklet form in
Barcelona 1889
o Under the authorship “Dimas Alang”
 Witty satire which ridicules
Father Font
 After New yr,
o Rizal made a brief visit to London
o 2 reasons
 Check up his annotated edition
of Morga’s Sucesos with th
original copy in the British
Museum
 To see Gertrude Beckett for the
last time
LESSON 16: RIZAL IN BRUSSELS 1890
 Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala
(The New Orthography of the Tagalog
Language)
o Published in La Solidaridad
o April 15, 1890
o Laid down rules of the new tagalog
ortography and with modesty and
sincerity, he gave credit for the
adoption of this new orthography to Dr.
Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera,
 Author of celebrated wrk El
Sancristo en la Lengua Tagala
(Sanskrit in the Tagalog
Language)
 Published in Paris, 1884
 Letters from home
o Calamba agrarian trouble was getting
worse
o Dominican order filed a suit in court to
dispossess the Rizal fam of their lands in
calamba
 Rizal planned to go home
 July 29, 1890


In Belgian Brussels 1890

 Jan 28, 1890

o Left Paris for Brusseld, capital of
Belgium
 2 reasons to leave Paris
o Cost of living in Paris was very high
because of the Universal Exposition
o Gay social life of the city hampered his
literary works, especially the writing of
his 2nd novel, El Fili

Life in Brussels

 Jose Albert, who accompanied Rizal when he

moved to Brussels
o They lived in a modest boarding house
on 38 Rue Pjhilipe Chamoagne
 Run by 2 Jacoby sisters –
Suzanne and Marie
 Albert left the city and was replaced by Jose
Alejandro
o Engineering student