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Media and
Information
Languages
Start
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Discussion Proper
codes are known as a
system or collection of Morse Code
signs that create Smoke Signals
meaning when put Signal flags
together
Codes Examples
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Discussion Proper

Study of signs

Semiotics Examples
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

1.The Symbolic codes

These codes show what is beneath the surface of

what we see (objects, setting, body language,
clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are
easily understood.
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

1. The Symbolic codes Acting

Setting actors portray characters in media products

and contribute to character development,
Is the time and place of the narrative creating tension or advancing

Mise en Scene Color

The stage setting, everything within
the frame. The arrangement of actors as highly cultural and strong connotations.
and scenery on a stage for a Aspects: Dominant color, Contrasting foils,
theatrical production and Color Symbolism.
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

2. Technical Codes

The way in which equipment is used to tell the story

(camera techniques, framing, depth of fields,
lighting and etc.)
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

2. Technical Codes Audio

Camerawork o is the expressive or naturalistic use of

refers to how the camera is operated,
positioned and moved for specific effects
Editing
is the process of choosing,
manipulating and arranging images
and sound.
sound. The three aspects of audio are:
Dialogue, Sound effects, and Music
Lighting
is the manipulation of natural or artificial
light to selectively highlight specific
elements of the scene.
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

2. Technical Codes Camera Shot Framing

Photo caption is the art and science of placing subjects in

also known as cut lines, are a few lines of your shots. Camera shots are all about
text used to explain or elaborate on composition. Rather than pointing the
published photographs camera at the subject, you need to
compose an image.
Comic Strips
– is a sequence of drawings arranged in
interrelated panels to display brief humor or
form a narrative, often serialized, with text in
balloons and captions.
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TYPES OF MEDIA CODES

3. Written Codes

it is use of language style and textual layout

(headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language
style, etc.)
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3. Written Codes

The study of written codes includes:

- Headlines / Titles – It is the text indicating the
nature of the article below it.
- - Typeface/Font
- Slogans / Taglines
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3. Written Codes

The study of written codes includes:

-Captions (print) or inter-titles (moving image)
-Style
- Choice of words
- Emphasis of words.
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3. Written Codes
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Discussion Proper
CONVENTIONS
accepted ways of using
media codes. Conventions
are closely connected to
the audience
expectations of a media
product.
Different types of
conventions include
form conventions,
story conventions
and genre conventions
Examples
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

1. Form conventions
are the certain ways we expect types of
media codes to be arranged.
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

1. Form conventions
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

1. Form conventions
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

2. Story Conventions

are common narrative structures and

understandings that are common in story
telling media products.
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

2. Story Conventions

Examples of story conventions include:

Narrative structures, Cause and effect,
Character construction, and Point of View.
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TYPES OF CONVENT IONS

3. Genre Conventions
point to the common use of images,
characters, settings or themes in a particular
type of medium. Genre conventions are
closely linked with audience expectations
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Types of Signs

Regulatory Signs 1. Priority Signs, like Stop sign, Give

signs that inform way sign, Left turner must give
road users of traffic way
laws and 2. Direction Signs
regulations which, if 3. Prohibitive / Restriction Signs
disregarded, will 4. Speed Signs
constitute an 5. Parking Signs 6. Miscellaneous
offense. Sign
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Types of Signs

Warning Signs 1. . Horizontal signs

2. Intersection signs
-used to warn motorists of potentially
hazardous conditions on or adjacent
3. Advance Warning/ Traffic
to the road. Control Device Signs
-advises motorists of road conditions 4. Road Width Signs
that require caution, call for a
reduction in speed, in the interest of 5. Road Obstacle Signs
safety and that of other road users. 6. Pedestrian School Signs
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GENRE

a French word which means “kind” or

“class”

The original Latin word is “genus” and

means a class of things that can be
broken down into subcategories.
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Primary Genres
News
stories that have Hard News
critical importance to Soft News
Features
community and
Opinion and Editorial
national life. Investigative News
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1. Hard-sell advertisements- utilizes

Primary Genres explicit messages to get the
consumers to purchase a product or
Advertisements patronize service.
are messages 2. Soft-sell advertisements. These are
associate in nature, associates its
that are product with the happiness derived from
created to sell family togetherness.
a product or 3. Infomercial –Derived from the word
“information” and “commercials”
services to inform or educate and the intent to
sell a product.
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Primary Genres
Entertainment
derives from the
French word
entretenir which
means ‘ to hold the
attention, keep you
busy, or amused,”.
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Legal, Ethical & Societal

Issues in Media and
Information
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Intellectual Property
Refers to creation of the mind, such as inventions:
literary and artistic works designs and symbols,
names and images used in commerce.
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Copyright Patent Trademark Fair Use

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Copyright

protection of one’s expressions which only becomes

tangible and concepts when objects are created as
manifestation of these expression.
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A copyright protects solely original works of “authorship

"enclosed within the following seven categories:
• Literary works (including pc programs),
• Musical works, together with any incidental words,
• Dramatic works, together with any incidental music,
• Pantomimes and dance works,
• Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works,
• Motion photos and different audiovisual works,
• Sound recordings.
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Patent

Provides the patent owner with the right

to diced how, or whether, the invention
can be used by others in exchange for
this right. The patent owner makes
technical information about the
invention publicly available in the
published patent document
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Trademark

• A sign capable of distinguishing goods

or services of one enterprise from those
of other enterprises
• Dates back to ancient times when
craftsmen used to put their signature or
“mark” on their products
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Fair Use

Fair Use is the limitation and to the prerogative granted by

copyright law to
the author of an ingenious work. samples of use embrace
statement, search engines,
criticism, news coverage, research, teaching, library
archiving and scholarship.