St. Agnes Academy, Inc.

Junior High School

Legazpi City

SELF-LEARNING MODULE for STUDENTS

Student: Grade & Section: Module #

Teacher: Ms. Joan C. Alejo Date: Oct. 24- Nov. 11, 2022 (ONSITE) 3

THE TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS: SINE, COSINE,

TOPIC / LESSON NAME
TANGENT, COTANGENT, SECANT, COSECANT
The learner demonstrates understanding of:
CONTENT STANDARD
trigonometric ratios of special angles.
The learner is able to:
PERFORMANCE uphold integrity of creation by applying the basic concepts of trigonometric
STANDARD ratios of special angles in formulating and solving real-life problems with
precision and accuracy.
MOST ESSENTIAL The learner:
illustrates the six trigonometric: sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant,
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
and cotangent
At the end of this module, I will be able to:
(A) 1. understand and illustrate the six trigonometric ratios through video
analysis and group activity;
(M) 2. apply trigonometric ratios to solve the missing lengths of the right
triangles through drills; and
(T) 3. cite the importance of the topic in real life through an activity called
Trigonome-Tree
TIME ALLOTMENT 120 minutes (2 hours)

REFERENCES/ 1. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics Appreciating Trigonometry pp.

12-46
RESOURCES
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAole1-hadc
MATERIALS Ballpen, Notebook, Textbook, Calculator

Hi there! Welcome to SLM 3 of Trigonometry 10. In this module, we shall

discuss about the Six Trigonometric Ratios namely, Sine, Cosine, Tangent,
Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant. Activities are included here to further
enhance your knowledge about the topics. Moreover, you are also expected to
answer the Summative Assessment found at the last part of this module. GOOD
LUCK!

1 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Study Guide:
Activity Time Allotment Page Number
Pre-Assessment 5 2
Introduction 15 2
Acquisition of knowledge 40 3
Drill 1 10 4
Practice 10 8
Closure 5 9
Deepening 15 9
Summative 20 10

To start our discussion, can you fill in the organizer below with the Mnemonic Device used for the 6
basic trigonometric functions? Mnemonic device is used to aid the mind in recalling concepts, in which
usually in a form of acronyms or the like.

6
Trigonometric
Ratios

The pre-assessment activity asked you to identify the 6 trigonometric ratios. This time, let
us find out more about them through this video, and reserve your thoughts during our
virtual meeting.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAole1-hadc

2 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What was the video all about? 2. What concepts did you get from the video? Give
at least 2 statements.

3. What questions would you like to ask about the 4. How can you apply the concepts you learned
video? from the video to your life today and in the future?

Let us delve deeper into the 6 Trigonometric ratios and discover relationships among them.
But first, a short history is given below and a simple discussion and activity to recall the
parts of the right triangle as they play a vital role in our main topic for this module.

The first trigonometric table was apparently compiled by Hipparchus of Nicaea (180 - 125 BCE), who is
now consequently known as "the father of trigonometry." Hipparchus was the first to tabulate the corresponding
values of arc and chord for a series of angles.
The next significant developments of trigonometry were in India. Influential works from the 4 th – 5th
century, known as the Siddhantas, first defined the sine as the modern relationship between half an angle and half
a chord, while also defining the cosine, versine, and inverse sine. Soon afterwards, another Indian mathematician
and astronomer, Aryabhata (476-550 AD), collected and expanded upon the developments of the Siddhantas in
an important work called the Aryabhatiya. The Siddhantas and the Aryabhatiya contain the earliest surviving
tables of sine values and versine to an accuracy of 4 decimal places. They used the words jya for sine, kojya for
cosine, utkrama-jya for versine, andotkram jya for inverse sine. The words jya and kojya eventually became sine
and cosine respectively after a mistranslation described above.
-(https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/history-of-six-trigonometric-ratios/xg8c48ee)

Recall that a right triangle has one right angle and two acute angles. Opposite the right angle is the
hypotenuse which is the longest side of the triangle.
In this module, the sides of a right -angled triangle will be named as how it was described in the previous
module:
The hypotenuse, the opposite and the adjacent.
The hypotenuse is the longest side and is always opposite the right angle.
The opposite and adjacent sides refer to another angle, other than the 90°.

REMEMBER: Capital letters are usually used to repreent the angles of the triangles or their measure.
Lower case letters are used for the sides opposite their respective angles.

3 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
Drill #1 Given the figure on the right, name the following:

_______1. Hypotenuse
_______2. Side opposite ∠𝑴
a
_______3. Side adjacent to ∠𝑴
_______4. Side opposite ∠𝑱
_______5. Side adjacent to ∠𝑱

Here are the 6 Trigonometric Ratios presented through a table. The primary trigonometric ratios are:
sine, cosine, and tangent. The secondary trigonometric ratios are simply reciprocals of the primary ratios.
These ratios have also been given special names: secant, cosecant, and cotangent

4 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 STUDY TIP
2.
A mnemonic device for remembering the definition of the primary trigonometric ratios is:
SOH-CAH-TOA
𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒈
Where SOH is an acronym for 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = . (refer to the table for the others)
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆

WRITING MATH

In trigonometry, the letter of the vertex of the angle is often used to represent the
measure of that angle. For example, the sine of A is written as sin A.

SPEAKING MATHEMATICALLY

Trigonometric ratio Read as

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 sine theta
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 cosine theta
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 tangent theta
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 cotangent theta
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 secant theta
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 cosecant theta

Now that you have finished understanding the six trigonometric ratios, let’s have some examples
and application of this topic.

5 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Example 1 Find the values of trigonometric ratios of 𝜽 in the triangle.
Solution: Using the Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse 𝒓 can be
computed as: 𝒄𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟗
𝒓𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓
√𝒓𝟐 = √𝟐𝟓
𝒓=𝟓
From the definitions of the trigonometric ratios,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5
tan 𝜃 = = csc 𝜃 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 3 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 4

TRY THIS

Find the values of the trigonometric ratios of 𝜶 (read as “alpha”) in the given triangle in Example 1.

Example

Example

Find the length of the missing side of the given right triangle.

You have just learned how to determine the six trigonometric ratios given the angle of reference. I hope
you were able to process it. This time, let us discuss how to solve for the unknown length of a certain
side of the right triangle and how to use the calculator to find the trigonometric ratios.

6 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Solving the Missing Parts of a Right Triangle

Example 1. Determine the equation or formula to find a missing part of the triangle.

Example 2. Solve for 𝒂 given the figure

below.

Solve for 𝒄 given the figure on Example 2.

7 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Using the Calculator to find the Trigonometric Ratios
As you observed on our previous discussions, the values of the trigonometric ratios for any particular
angle are constant, regardless of the length of the sides. These values can be found using a calculator.
Also, you can use a calculator to find an angle when you are given a trigonometric ratio.
Example: To find the value of sin 38°, ensure that your calculator is operating in degrees.
Solution:
Press sin 38 = 0.6156614753
The calculator should give sin 38° = 0.62 (round to two decimal places)

Let us try to simplify our answers on the previous discussion.

Example 1.
a. 𝑠 = 12 cos 53°
Press 12 cos 53 = 7.221780278
The calculator should give 𝟏𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟓𝟑° = 𝟕. 𝟐𝟐 (round to two decimal places)
Do the answer for letter b using your calculator. Write the answer on the space provided

b. 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟓𝟑° = _______________________

Example 2.
𝟏𝟎.𝟔
a. 𝒂 =
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔𝟕°
Press 10.6 ÷ tan 67 = 4.499433052
𝟏𝟎.𝟔
The calculator should give = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 (round to two decimal places)
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔𝟕°
Do the answer for letter b using your calculator. Write the answer on the space provided.
𝟏𝟎.𝟔
b. 𝒄 = = _______________
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝟕°

Wow! 👏 We are now done with our lesson in this module. Please bear in mind that this topic
is very essential in our succeeding topics. Now, to deepen your knowledge about our lesson, kindly do
the drill.

Drill #2 Example: 1. Using SOH, 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 =

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝒂
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟓° =
𝒄
𝒂
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟓° =
𝟕𝟕
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟓°
𝒂=
𝟕𝟕
𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟔

8 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 My Working Space for numbers 2-6

Closure: Do the TILT!

Use the blank provided to write your answer to
complete the statement.

Trigonome-TREE!
1. Look for a tree outside your house then find its height using trigonometric ratio. You can also
ask help from your family member. If there is no available tree around your house, you can also
find the height of a plant, your fence, or maybe a pot.
2. Draw an illustration.
3. Write a short statement about how the height of the tree was computed.
4. Determine the other trigonometric ratios.
5. Reflect on these questions:
a. What learning have you discovered in doing the activity?
b. Would you be able to use this in your life? How and why?

9 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Trigonome-TREE!

1st Summative Assessment

A. Use ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 to find each trigonometric ratio.

1. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 4. 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝑩
2. 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 5. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑩
3. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 6. 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑨

B. Use your scientific calculator to find the following trigonometric ratios.

7. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎° = ____________ 8. 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟕𝟖° = ____________

C. Solve for the value of x and y.

10 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 Self-Assessment
Read each statement and check the box that best describes your work or feeling
as you perform the given tasks in this module.

STRONGLY
INDICATORS AGREE DISAGREE
AGREE
I know the six trigonometric ratios.
I can identify the six trigonometric ratios in a right triangle given
the reference angle
I can apply trigonometric ratios to solve the missing lengths of the
right triangles

My Evidences of Learning
Accomplish the table by writing your scores from the drills given.

ACTIVITIES SCORE REMEDIATION/ENRICHMENT

Six Trigonometric Ratios
Pre-Assessment
Drill 1
Drill 2
Enrichment Activity
1st Summative Assessment

Ms. Joan’s Corner 09173286261 joanconcepcionalejo01@gmail.com

Reach me thru the following:

Prepared by:
________________________________________________
________________________________________________ Ms. Joan C. Alejo
________________________________________________ Trigonometry 10 Teacher
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Checked by: Noted by: Noted by:

Mrs. Jennifer B. de Leon Mrs. Joan C. Alejo Mrs. Jenniffer B. Borja

Subject Area Coordinator JHS Academic Coordinator School Principal
Date: _______________________ Date: _______________________ Date: _______________________

11 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3
 ANSWER KEY: page 4 ANSWER KEY: page 8
Drill #1 Drill #2
1. a
2. m
3. j 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝟐. TOA, 𝐛 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟕𝟔° = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟒 5. CAH, 𝒄 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟔° = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓𝟐
4. j
5. m 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟏
3. SOH, 𝒄 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟒𝟗° = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 6. SOH, 𝒄 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟗° = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟕𝟗
𝟐𝟏.𝟐
4. TOA, 𝒃 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟕𝟏° = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟎

12 | TRIGONOMETRY 10 SLM 3