NOV 2022 CE-BOARD EXAM

HYDRAULICS AND GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING
1. A pressure surge or wave caused when fluid in motion is forced
to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is
referred to in hydraulics as:

A. Hydraulic jump
B. Water hammer
C. Potential head
D. Hydrodynamics
 𝒌𝑵
2. The dry unit weight of a soil sample is 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗 𝟑 . What is the
𝒎
saturated unit weight of the soil if Gs=2.72?
3. Given the following data of a clay layer:
H= 8 m Po = 250 kPa
Cc = 0.418 ∆P = 350 kPa
e = 1.148

Obtain the settlement of the normally consolidate clay.

4. A mercury barometer at the base of the mountain reads 620
mm. At the same time another barometer at the top of a
mountain reads 450 mm. Assuming w of air is to be constant at 10
N/m^3, what is the appropriate height of the mountain?
5. A triangular gate of height 1.2 m and base 0.9 m is installed in a
position that its plane is inclined 60 degrees with the horizontal
with its vertex at the top and the base is parallel to the water
surface. The vertex is at a depth of 2 m vertically below the water
surface. Fresh water is on one side of the gate. If the gate is
hinged at the bottom, Evaluate the force normal to the gate at its
vertex that will be required to open it in kN.
6. Evaluate the plastic settlement, in meter(s) on a layer of plastic
clay due to an increase of pressure cause by loads above it under
the following conditions:

Initial inter-granular pressure= 250 kPA

Increase in Inter-granular pressure = 100 kPA
Thickness of the clay layer = 10 m
Coefficient of consolidation = 0.312
Void ratio of the clay = 1.150
7. A 1.25 cm diameter orifice, in a vertical wall of a tank under a
constant head of 5.5 m discharged 0.45 cubic meter in 9.5
minutes. Find the coefficient of discharge.
8. A sharp edged orifice 150 mm in diameter discharges oil under
head of 3.35 m. The average velocity at the vena contracta is
7.85 m. How much head is lost in friction? Compute the Cv.
9. The wet unit weight of a soil sample is 14.9 kN/m. The soil has a
water content of 15%. the sp.gr. of the sol is 2.75, find the dry unit
weight.
10. A mercury barometer reads 660 mm. what would be the
corresponding reading in water barometer?
 𝐤𝐍
Situation #1. The bulk unit weight of the soil is𝟖 𝟑 , the specific
𝐦
gravity of solids is 2.5 and the moisture content is 35%. Evaluate
the following.

11. The void ratio.

kN
12. The dry unit weight in .
m3
kN
13. The saturated unit weight in .
m3
Situation #2. A stone weighs 350 N in air and 240 N in water.
Determine the following.

14. The volume of the stone.

15. The unit weight of the stone.
16. The specific gravity of the stone.
Situation #3. The water table in soil deposit is 2 meter below the
ground surface. The soil above the water table has dry unit weight
𝒌𝑵 𝒌𝑵
of 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓𝟗 𝟑 . The saturated unit weight of the soil is 𝟐𝟎. 𝟗 𝟑 .
𝒎 𝒎
Determine the following.

17. The total vertical stress at a point 4.8 m below the ground.

18. The total pore water pressure at a point 4.8 m below the
ground.

19. The effective vertical stress at point 4.8 m below the ground.
Situation #4. An 8.5 m thick clay layer is overlain by a 15.5 m thick sand
layer. The top of the sand layer is at the ground surface. The sand layer
𝐤𝐍 𝒌𝑵
has a dry unit weight of 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐 𝟑 , saturated unit weight of 𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟐 𝟑 , and
𝐦 𝒎
degree of saturation of 35%. The clay have saturated unit weight of
𝒌𝑵
𝟏𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝟑
𝒎

20. Determine the effective pressure at the mid height of the clay if the
ground water table is located at the ground surface.

21. Determine the effective pressure at the mid height of the clay if the
ground water table is located 7.9 m below the surface of the sand,
with degree of saturation of 35% for sand above water table.

22. Determine the effective pressure at the mid height of the clay if
there in so water table at the sand stratum with degree of saturation
of 30% for sand above water table.
Situation #5. A 250 mm x 250 mm x 450 mm block weighs 50 N
when fully submerged in water.

23. What is the weight of the block in air?

24. Determine the specific gravity of the block.
25. Determine the unit weight of the block.
Situation #6. An open cylindrical tank 1m in diameter and 2 m tall
floats vertically in water. The empty tank weighs 3.825 kN.

26. How much metal (𝑦 = 110 kN/m3 ) should be placed inside so

that it will be submerged by 1.6 m?
27. How much metal (𝑦 = 110 kN/m3 ) should be placed outside
so that it will be submerged by 1.6 m?
28. Find the additional weight of metal that should be placed
inside so that the cylinder will float at the surface of water?
Situation #7. In accordance with the Bousinesq Theory, the vertical
stress at a point below the center of a flexible circular area in a
semi-infinite, homogenous, isotropic soil mass due to a uniform load
is given by the expression:
𝟏
𝐩 = 𝐪(𝟏 − )
𝐍
𝟏.𝟓
𝒓 𝟐
where N = 𝟏 −
𝒛
q = uniform load per unit area at the base of the footing
r = radius of point of the circular area
z = depth of pint below the center of the circular loaded area.
29. Evaluate the bearing pressure in kPa exerted by the footing
onto the supporting soil by a 4 m diameter circular footing
that is transmitting a column load of 1600 kN.

30. Evaluate the vertical stress in Kpa at a depth 6 meters below

the center of the footing.

31. How deep in meters below the footing would the pressure be
reduced to 1/10 of the pressure at the base of the footing?
Situation #8. A 3 layer soil has the following properties from top to
bottom
Layer K, cm/sec Thickness, m
1 2.0x10−4 4
2 4.3x10−2 5
3 5.2x10−5 6

32. Obtain the equivalent horizontal coefficient of permeability in

cm/sec.

33. Obtain the equivalent vertical coefficient of permeability in

cm/sec.

34. Estimate the rate of flow in the vertical direction per square
meter of layer in liters/hr, if the hydraulic gradient is 0.50.
Situation #9. A confined aquifer is shown. This aquifer has a source
of recharge located as shown. The hydraulic conductivity of the
aquifer is 40 m/day with a porosity of 25%. The piezometer (head)
surface in the two observation wells 1200 m apart at elevation 65
m and 60 m respectively from the common datum. The aquifer
has an average thickness of 25 m and an average width of 4 km.
35. Determine the nearest value to the rate of flow of water
through the aquifer, in cubic meters per day.

36. Determine the nearest value to the seepage velocity in

m/day.

37. Determine the nearest value to the time of travel from the
head of aquifer to a point 4km downstream in days.
Situation #10. A rectangular canal is 5.2 meters wide and 1.2
meters depth. The canal is laid on a uniform slope 0.001 and
roughness coefficient is 0.014. Calculate the following.

m3
38. The discharge in the canal in .
s

39. What savings in lining per meter length of canal could have
been effected if the most efficient rectangular section were
used for the same discharge and slope?

40. What savings in earth excavation per meter length of canal

could have been effected if the most efficient rectangular
section were used for the same discharge and slope.
Situation #11. A liquid is discharged from a container through a
circular orifice having a diameter of 10 mm that is located h
meters from the liquid surface to the center of the orifice.

41. If the container is open to the atmosphere, obtain the

theoretical discharge through the orifice in liters/sec when h=9

42. If the container is moving upward at acceleration half that of

gravity. Obtain the theoretical discharge through the orifice in
liters/sec when h=9

43. If the container is open to the atmosphere, and the coefficient

of velocity is 0.90 and the coefficient of contraction is 0.60.
Obtain the theoretical discharge through the orifice in
liters/sec when h=9