Educ 101- THE TEACHING PROFESSION (3) At the option expressed in writing by the parents or
guardians, religion shall be allowed to be taught to
Chapter 3: Legal Bases of Education and
Professionalization of Teaching
THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE XIV EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS
Education
Section 1. The State shall protect and promote the
right of all citizens to quality education at all levels,
and shall take appropriate steps to make such
education accessible to all.
Section 2. The State shall:
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete,
adequate, and integrated system of education
relevant to the needs of the people and society;
(2) Establish and maintain a system of free public
education in the elementary and high school
levels. Without limiting the natural right of
parents to rear their children, elementary
education is compulsory for all children of
school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship
grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and
other Incentives which shall be available to
deserving students in both public and private
schools, especially to the underprivileged:
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and
indigenous learning systems, as well as self-
learning, Independent, and out-of-school study
programs particularly those that respond to
community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-
of-school youth with training in civics,
vocational efficiency, and other skills.
Section 3. (1) All educational institutions shall include
the study Constitution as part of the curricula.
(2) They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism,
foster love of humanity. Respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach the rights
and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and
spiritual values, develop moral character and personal
discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking,
broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and
promote vocational efficiency
their children or wards in public elementary and high
schools within the regular class hours by instructors
designated or approved by the religious authorities of
the religion to which the children or wards belong,
without additional cost to the Government.
Section 4.(1) The State recognizes the complementary
roles of public and private institutions in the
educational system and shall exercise reasonable
supervision and regulation of all educational
institutions.
(2) Educational institutions, other than those
established by religious groups and mission boards,
shall be owned solely by citizens of the Philippines or
corporations or associations at least sixty per centum
of the capital of which is owned by such citizens. The
Congress may, however, require increased Filipino
equity participation in all educational institutions.
- The control and administration of educational
institutions shall be vested in citizens of Philippines.
- No educational institution shall be established
exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall
comprise more than one-third of the enrollment in any
school. The provisions of this subsection shall not
apply to schools established for foreign diplomatic
personnel and their dependents and, unless otherwise
provided by law, for other foreign temporary residents
(3) All revenues and assets of non-stock, non-profit
educational institutions used actually, directly, and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt
from taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or
cessation of the corporate existence of such
institutions, their assets shall be disposed of in the
manner provided by law.
-Proprietary educational institutions, including those
cooperatively owned, may likewise be entitled to such
exemptions, subject to the limitations provided by law,
including restrictions on dividends and provisions for
reinvestment.
(4) Subject to conditions prescribed by law, all grants,
endowments, donations, or contributions used actually
directly, and exclusively for educational purposes shall
be exempt from tax.
Section 5, (1) the State shall take into account regional
and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage
local planning in the development of educational
policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all
institutions of higher learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or
course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and
equitable admission and academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to
professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and
non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of
the State.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary
priority to education and ensure that teaching will
attract and retain its rightful share of the best available
talents through adequate remuneration and other
means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.
LANGUAGE
Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is
Filipino. As it evolves, It shall be further developed
and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and
other languages.
- Subject to provisions of law and as the
Congress may deem appropriate, the
Government shall take steps to initiate and
sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of
official communication and as language of
instruction in the educational system.
Section 7. For purposes of communication and
instruction, the official languages of the Philippines
are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law,
English.
- The regional languages are the auxiliary
official languages in the regions and shall
serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.
- Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a
voluntary and optional basis.
Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in
Filipino and English and shall be translated into major
regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
Section 9 The Congress shall establish a national
language and commission composed of representatives
of various regions and disciplines which shall
undertake, coordinate, and promote researches for the
development, propagation, and preservation of Filipino
and other languages.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Section 10. Science and technology are essential for
national development and progress. The State shall
give priority to research and development, invention,
innovation, and their utilization, and to science and
technology education, training, and services. It shall
support indigenous, appropriate, and self-reliant
scientific and technological capabilities, and their
application to the country's productive systems and
national life.
Section 11. The Congress may provide for incentives,
including tax deductions, to encourage private
participation in programs of basic and applied
scientific research. Scholarships, grants-in-aid, or other
forms of Incentives shall be provided to deserving
science students, researchers, scientists, inventors,
technologists, and specially gifted citizens.
Section 12. The State shall regulate the transfer and
promote the adaptation of technology from all sources
for the national benefit. It shall encourage the widest
participation of private groups, local governments, and
community-based organizations in the generation and
utilization of science and technology.
Section 13. The State shall protect and secure the
exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists, and
other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and
creations, particularly when beneficial to the people,
for such period as may be provided by law.
Arts Culture
Section 14. The State shall foster the preservation,
enrichment, and dynamic evolution of a Filipino
national culture based on the principle of unity in
diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual
expression.
Section 15. Arts and letters shall enjoy the patronage
of the State. The State shall conserve, promote, and
popularize the nation's historical and cultural heritage
and resources, as well as artistic creations.
Section 16. All the country's artistic and historic
wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation
and shall be under the protection of the State which
may regulate its disposition.
Section 17. The State shall recognize, respect, and
protect the rights of indigenous cultural communities
to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and
institutions. It shall consider these rights in the
formulation of national plans and policies.
Section 18. (1) The State shall ensure equal access to
cultural opportunities through the educational system,
public or private cultural entities, scholarships, grants
and other Incentives, and community cultural centers,
and other public venues.
(2) The State shall encourage and support researches
and studies on the arts and culture.
SPORTS
Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical
education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training
for international competitions, to foster self-discipline,
teamwork, and excellence for the development of a
healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular
sports activities throughout the country in cooperation
with athletic clubs and other sectors.
BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 232
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE
ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF AN
INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 1
Preliminary Matters
Section 1. Title - This Act shall be known as the
"Education Act of 1982."
Section 2. Coverage - This Act shall apply to and
govern both formal and non-formal systems in public
and private schools in all levels of the entire
educational system.
CHAPTER 2
Declaration of Basic State Policy and Objectives
Section 3. Declaration of Basic Policy - It is the
policy of the State to established and maintain a
complete, adequate and integrated system of education
relevant to the goals of national development. Toward
this end, the government shall ensure, within the
context of a free and democratic system, maximum
contribution of the educational system to the
attainment of the following national developmental
goals:
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of
economic development and social progress;
2. To ensure the maximum participation of all the
people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits
of such growth; and
3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and
consciousness and preserve, develop and promote
desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in a
changing world.
The State shall promote the right of every individual to
relevant quality education, regardless of sex, age,
creed, socio-economic status, physical and mental
conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other
affiliation. The State shall therefore promote and
maintain equality of access to education as well as the
enjoyment of the benefits of education by all its
citizens.
The state shall promote the right of the nation's
cultural communities in the exercise of their right to
develop themselves within the context of their
cultures, customs, traditions, interest and belief, and
recognizes education as an instrument for their
maximum participation in national development and in
ensuring their involvement in achieving national unity.
Section 4. Declaration of Objectives - The
educational system aim to:
1. Provide for a broad general education that will assist
each individuals in the peculiar ecology of his own
society, to
(a) attain his potentials as a human being;
(b) enhance the range and quality of individual and
group participation in the basic functions of society;
and
(c) acquire the essential educational foundation of his
development into a productive and versatile citizen;
2. Train the nation's manpower in the middle-level
skills for national development;
3. Develop the profession that will provide leadership
for the nation in the advancement of knowledge for
improving the quality of human life; and
4. Respond effectively to changing needs and
conditions of the nation through a system of
educational planning and evaluation.
Towards the realization of these objectives, and
pursuant to the Constitution, all educational
institutions shall aim to inculcate love of country,
teach the duties of citizenship, and develop moral
character, personal discipline, and scientific,
technological, and vocational efficiency.
Furthermore, the educational system shall reach out to
educationally deprived communities, in order to give
meaningful reality to their membership in the national
society, to enrich their civic participation in the
community and national life, and to unify all Filipinos
into a free and just nation.
II. THE EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 1
Preliminary Provisions
Section 5. Declaration of Policy and Objectives - It
is likewise declared government policy to foster, at all
times, a spirit of shared purposes and cooperation
among the members and elements of the educational
community, and between the community and other
sectors of society, in the realization that only in such
an atmosphere can be true goals and objectives of
education be fulfilled.
Moreover, the State shall:
1. Aid and support the natural right and duty of parents
in the rearing of the youth through the educational
system.
2. Promote and safeguard the welfare and interest of
the students by defining their rights and obligations,
according them privileges, and encouraging the
establishment of sound relationships between them and
the other members of the school community.
3. Promote the social economic status of all school
personnel, uphold their rights, define their obligations,
and improve their living and working conditions and
career prospects.
4. Extend support to promote the viability of those
institutions through which parents, students and school
personnel seek to attain their educational goals.
Section 6. Definition and Coverage - "Educational
community" refers to those persons or groups of
persons as such or associated in institutions involved
in organized teaching and learning systems.
The members and elements of the educational
community are:
1. "Parents" or guardians or the head of the institution
or foster home which has custody of the pupil or
student.
2. "Students," or those enrolled in and who regularly
attend and educational institution of secondary or
higher level of a person engaged in formal study.
"Pupils," are those who regularly attend a school of
elementary level under the supervision and tutelage of
a teacher.
3 "School personnel," or all persons working for an
educational institution, which includes the following:
a. "Teaching or academic staff," or all persons engaged
in actual teaching and/or research assignments, either
on full-time or part-time basis, in all levels of the
educational system.
b. "School administrators," or all persons occupying
policy implementing positions having to do with the
functions of the school in all levels.
c. "Academic non-teaching personnel," or those
persons holding some academic qualifications and
performing academic functions directly supportive of
teaching, such as registrars, librarians, research
assistants, research aides, and similar staff.
d. "Non-academic personnel," or all other school
personnel not falling under the definition and coverage
of teaching and academic staff, school administrators
and academic non-teaching personnel.
4. "Schools," or institutions recognized by the State
which undertake educational operations.
Section 7. Community Participation. - Every
educational institution shall provide for the
establishment of appropriate bodies through which the
members of the educational community may discuss
relevant issues, and communicate information and
suggestions for assistance and support of the school
and for the promotion of their common interest.
Representatives from each subgroup of the educational
community shall sit and participate in these bodies, the
rules and procedures of which must be approved by
them and duly published.
CHAPTER 2
Rights
Section 8. Rights of Parents - In addition to other
rights under existing laws, all parents who have
children enrolled in a school have the following rights:
1. The right to organize by themselves and/or with
teachers for the purpose of providing a forum for the
discussion of matters relating to the total school
program, and for ensuring the full cooperation of
parents and teachers in the formulation and efficient
implementation of such programs.
2. The right to access to any official record directly
relating to the children who are under their parental
responsibility.
Section 9. Right of Students in School - In addition
to other rights, and subject to the limitation prescribed
by law and regulations, and student and pupils in all
schools shall enjoy the following rights:
1. The right to receive, primarily through competent
instruction, relevant quality education in line with
national goals and conducive to their full development
as person with human dignity.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study subject
to existing curricula and to continue their course
therein up to graduation, except in cases of academic
deficiency, or violation of disciplinary regulations.
3. The right to school guidance and counseling
services for decisions and selecting the alternatives in
fields of work suited to his potentialities.
4. The right of access to his own school records, the
confidentiality of which the school shall maintain and
preserve.
5. The right to the issuance of official certificates,
diplomas, transcript of records, grades, transfer
credentials and other similar documents within thirty
days from request.
6. The right to publish a student newspaper and similar
publications, as well as the right to invite resource
persons during assemblies, symposia and other
activities of similar nature.
7. The right to free expression of opinions and
suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic channels
and administrative bodies of the school or institution.
8. The right to form, establish, join and participate in
organizations and societies recognized by the school to
foster their intellectual, cultural, spiritual and physical
growth and development, or to form, establish, join
and maintain organizations and societies for purposes
not contrary to law.
9. The right to be free from involuntary contributions,
except those approved by their own he organizations
or societies.
Section 10. Rights of all School Personnel - In
addition to other rights provided for by law, the
following rights shall be enjoyed by all school
personnel:
1. The right to free expression of opinion and
suggestions, and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and
administrative bodies of the school or institution.
2. The right to be provided with free legal service by
the appropriate government office in the case of public
school personnel, and through the school authorities
concerned in the case of private school personnel,
when charged in an administrative, civil and/or
criminal proceedings by parties other than the school
or regulatory authorities concerned for actions
committed directly in the lawful discharge of
professional duties and/or in defense of school
policies.
3. The right to establish, join and maintain labor
organizations and/or professional and self-regulating
organizations of their choice to promote their welfare
and defend their interests.
4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions
except those imposed by their own organizations.
Section 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges of
Teaching or Academic Staff - Further to the rights
mentioned in the preceding Section, every member of
the teaching or academic staff shall enjoy the
following rights and/or privileges:
1. The right to be free from compulsory assignments
not related to their duties as defined in their
appointments or employment contracts, unless
compensated therefor, conformably to existing law.
2. The right to intellectual property consistent with
applicable laws.
3. Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when
in the discharge of lawful duties and responsibilities,
and shall, therefore, be accorded due respect and
protection.
4. Teachers shall be accorded the opportunity to
choose alternative career lines either in school
administration, in classroom teaching, or others, for
purposes of career advancement.
Section 12. Special Rights of School Administration
- School administrators shall, in accordance with
existing laws, regulations and policies of the Ministry
of Education, Culture and Sports, be accorded
sufficient administrative discretion necessary for the
efficient and effective performance of their functions.
School administrators shall be deemed persons in
authority while in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities, and shall therefore be accorded due
respect and protection.
Section 13. Rights of Schools - In addition to other
rights provided for by law, schools shall enjoy the
following:
1. The right of their governing boards or lawful
authorities to provide for the proper governance of the
school and to adopt and enforce administrative or
management systems.
2. The right for institutions of higher learning to
determine on academic grounds who shall be admitted
to study, who may teach, and what shall be subjects of
the study and research.
CHAPTER 3
Duties and Obligations
Section 14. Duties of Parents. - In addition to those
provided for under existing laws, all parents shall have
the following duties and obligations:
1. Parents, individually or collectively, through the
school systems, shall help carry out the educational
objectives in accordance with national goals.
2. Parents shall be obliged to enable their children to
obtain elementary education and shall strive to enable
them to obtain secondary and higher education in the
pursuance of the right formation of the youth.
3. Parents shall cooperate with the school in the
implementation of the school program curricular and
co-curricular.
Section 15. Duties and Responsibilities of Students -
In addition to those provided for under existing laws,
every student shall:
1. Exert his utmost to develop his potentialities for
service, particularly by undergoing an education suited
to his abilities, in order that he may become an asset to
his family and to society.
2. Uphold the academic integrity of the school,
endeavor to achieve academic excellence and abide by
the rules and regulations governing his academic
responsibilities and moral integrity.
3. Promote and maintain the peace and tranquility of
the school by observing the rules and discipline, and
by exerting efforts to attain harmonious relationships
with fellow students, the teaching and academic staff
and other school personnel.
4. Participate actively in civic affairs and in the
promotion of the general welfare, particularly in the
social, economic and cultural development of his
community and in the attainment of a just,
compassionate and orderly society.
5. Exercise his rights responsibly in the knowledge that
he is answerable for any infringement or violation of
the public welfare and of the rights of others.
Section 16. Teacher's Obligations - Every teacher
shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his
responsibilities in accordance with the philosophy,
goals, and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective
attainment of specified learning objectives in
pursuance of national development goals within the
limits of available school resources.
3. Render regular reports on performance of each
student and to the latter and the latter's parents and
guardians with specific suggestions for improvement.
4. Assume the responsibility to maintain and sustain
his professional growth and advancement and maintain
professionalism in his behavior at all times.
5. Refrain from making deductions in students'
scholastic rating for acts that are clearly not
manifestations of poor scholarship.
6. Participate as an agent of constructive social,
economic, moral, intellectual, cultural and political
change in his school and the community within the
context of national policies.
Section 17. School Administrators' Obligations -
Every school administrator shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his
responsibilities in accordance with the philosophy,
goals and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective
administration and management of the school.
3. Develop and maintain a healthy school atmosphere
conducive to the promotion and preservation of
academic freedom and effective teaching and learning,
and to harmonious and progressive school-personnel
relationship.
4. Assume and maintain professional behavior in his
work and in dealing with students, teachers, academic
non-teaching personnel, administrative staff, and
parents or guardians.
5. Render adequate reports to teachers, academic non-
teaching personnel and non-academic staff on their
actual performance in relation to their expected
performance and counsel them on ways of improving
the same.
6. Observe due process, fairness, promptness, privacy,
constructiveness and consistency in disciplining his
teachers and other personnel.
7. Maintain adequate records and submit required
reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports.
Section 18. Obligations of Academic Non-Teaching
Personnel - Academic non-teaching personnel shall:
1. Improve himself professionally be keeping abreast
of the latest trends and techniques in his profession.
2. Assume, promote and maintain an atmosphere
conducive to service and learning.
3. Promote and maintain an atmosphere conducive to
service and learning.
III. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 1
Formal Education
Section 19. Declaration of Policy. - The State
recognizes that formal education, or the school system,
in society's primary learning system, and therefore the
main instrument for the achievement of the country's
educational goals and objectives.
Section 20. Definition - "Formal Educational" refers
to the hierarchically structured and chronologically
graded learning organized and provided by the formal
school system and for which certification is required in
order for the learner to progress through the grades or
move to higher levels. Formal education shall
correspond to the following levels:
1. Elementary Education. - The first stage of
compulsory, formal education primarily concerned
with providing basic education and usually
corresponding to six or seven grades, including pre-
school programs.
2. Secondary Education. - the state of formal education
following the elementary level concerned primarily
with continuing basic education and expanding it to
include the learning of employable gainful skills,
usually corresponding to four years of high school.
3. Tertiary Education. - Post secondary schooling is
higher education leading to a degree in a specific
profession or discipline.
Section 21. Objectives of Elementary Education -
The objectives of elementary education are:
1. To provide the knowledge and develop the skills,
attitudes, and values essential to personal development
and necessary for living in and contributing to a
developing and changing social milieu;
2. To provide learning experiences which increase the
child's awareness of and responsiveness to the changes
in and just demands of society and to prepare him for
constructive and effective involvement;
3. To promote and intensify the child's knowledge of,
identification with, and love for the nation and the
people to which he belongs; and
4. To promote work experiences which develop the
child's orientation to the world of work and creativity
and prepare himself to engage in honest and gainful
work.
Section 22. Objectives of Secondary Education. -
The objectives of secondary education are:
1. To continue to promote the objectives of elementary
education; and
2. To discover and enhance the different aptitudes and
interests of the students so as to equip him with skills
for productive endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary
schooling.
Section 23. Objective of Tertiary Education. - The
objectives of tertiary education are:
1. To provide a general education program that will
promote national identity, cultural consciousness,
moral integrity and spiritual vigor;
2. To train the nation's manpower in the skills required
for national development;
3. To develop the professions that will provide
leadership for the nation; and
4. To advance knowledge through research work and
apply new knowledge for improving the quality of
human life and responding effectively to changing
societal needs and conditions.
CHAPTER 2
Non-Education and Specialized Educational Services
Section 24. Specialized Educational Service - The
State further recognizes its responsibility to provide,
within the context of the formal education system,
services to meet special needs of certain clientele.
These specific types, which shall be guided by the
basic policies of the State embodied in the General
Provisions of this Act, include:
1. "Work Education," or "Practical Arts," as a program
of basic education which aims to develop the right
attitudes towards work; and "technical-vocational
education," post-secondary but non-degree programs
leading to one, two, or three year certificates in
preparation for a group of middle-level occupations.
2. "Special Education," the education of persons who
are physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, or
culturally different from the so-called "normal"
individuals that they require modification of school
practices/services to develop them to their maximum
capacity; and
3. "Non-formal Education," any organized school-
based educational activities undertaken by the Ministry
of Education, Culture and Sports and other agencies
aimed at attaining specific learning objectives for a
particular clientele, especially the illiterates and the
out-of-school youth and adults, distinct from and
outside the regular offerings of the formal school
system.
The objectives of non-formal education are as follows:
a. To eradicate illiteracy and raise the level of
functional literacy of the population;
b. To provide unemployed and underemployed youth
and adults with appropriate vocational/technical skills
to enable them to become more productive and
effective citizens; and
c. To develop among the clientele of non-formal
education proper values and attitudes necessary for
personal, community and national development.
CHAPTER 3
Establishment of Schools
Section 25. Establishment of Schools - All schools
shall be established in accordance with law. The
establishment of new national schools and the
conversion of existing schools from elementary to
national secondary or tertiary schools shall be by law:
Provided, that any private school proposed to be
established must incorporate as an non-stock
educational corporation in accordance with the
provisions of the Corporation Code of the Philippines.
This requirement to incorporate may be waived in the
case of family-administered pre-school institutions.
Government assistance to such schools for educational
programs shall be used exclusively for that purpose.
Section 26. Definition of Terms - The terms used in
this Chapter are defined as follows:
1. "Schools" are duly established institutions of
learning or educational institutions.
2. "Public Schools" are educational institutions
established and administered by the government.
3. "Private Schools" are educational institutions
maintained and administered by private individuals or
groups.
Section 27. Recognition of Schools - The educational
operations of schools shall be subject to their prior
authorization of the government, and shall be affected
by recognition. In the case of government operated
schools, whether local, regional, or national,
recognition of educational programs and/or operations
shall be deemed granted simultaneously with
establishment.
In all other case the rules and regulations governing
recognition shall be prescribed and enforced by the
Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports defining
therein who are qualified to apply, providing for a
permit system, stating the conditions for the grant of
recognition and for its cancellation and withdrawal,
and providing for related matters.
Section 28. Effects of Recognition; Punishable
Violations - The issuance of a certificate of
recognition to a school shall have the following
effects:
1. It transforms the temporary permit to a permanent
authority to operate;
2. It entitled the school or college to give the students
who have completed the course for which recognition
is granted, a certificate, title or diploma; and
3. It shall entitle the students who have graduated from
said recognized course or courses to all the benefits
and privileges enjoyed by graduates in similar courses
of studies in all schools recognized by the government.
Operation of schools and educational programs
without authorization, and/or operation thereof in
violation of the terms of recognition, are hereby
declared punishable violations subject to the penalties
provided in this Act.
Section 29. Voluntary Accreditation - The Ministry
shall encourage programs of voluntary accreditation
for institution which desire to meet standards of
quality over and above minimum required for State
recognition.
CHAPTER 4
Internal Organization of Schools
Section 30. Organization of Schools - Each school
shall establish such internal organization as will best
enable it to carry out its academic and administrative
functions, subject to limitations provided by law.
Each school establish such arrangements for the
peaceful settlement of disputes between or among the
members of the educational community.
Section 31. Governing Board - Every government
college or university as a tertiary institution and every
private school shall have a governing board pursuant
to its charter or the Corporation Code of the
Philippines, as the case may be.
Section 32. Personnel Transactions - The terms and
conditions of employment of personnel in government
schools shall be governed by the Civil Service,
budgetary and compensation laws and rules.
In private schools, dispute arising from employer-
employee relations shall fall under the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Labor and Employment as provided for
by law regulations: Provided, That in view of the
special employment status of the teaching and
academic non-teaching personnel, and their special
roles in the advancement of knowledge, standards set
or promulgated jointly by the Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sports and by the Ministry of Labor and
Employment shall be applied by the Ministry of Labor
and Employment: Provided, further, That every private
school shall establish and implement an appropriate
system within the school for the prompt and orderly
settlement of provisions of Articles 262 and 263 of the
Labor Code.
CHAPTER 5
School Finance and Assistance
Section 33. Declaration of Policy - It is hereby
declared to be the policy of the State that the national
government shall contribute to the financial support of
educational programs pursuant to goals of education as
declared in the Constitution. Towards this end, the
government shall:
1. Adopt measures to broaden access to education
through financial assistance and other forms of
incentives to schools, teachers, pupils and students;
and
2. Encourage and stimulate private support to
education through, inter alia, fiscal and other
assistance measures.
A. FUNDING OF REPUBLIC SCHOOLS
Section 34. National Funds - Public school shall
continue to be funded from national funds: Provided,
that local governments shall be encouraged to assume
operation of local public schools on the basis of
national fund participation and adequate revenue
sources which may be assigned by the national
government for the purpose.
Section 35. Financial Aid Assistance to Public
Secondary Schools - The national government shall
extend financial aid and assistance to public secondary
schools established and maintained by local
governments, including barangay high schools.
Section 36. Share of Local Government - Provinces,
cities and municipalities and barangays shall
appropriate funds in their annual budgets for the
operation and maintenance of public secondary
schools on the basis of national fund participation.
Section 37. Special Education Fund - The proceeds
of the Special Education Fund accruing to local
governments shall be used exclusively for the purposes
enumerated in Section 1 of Republic Act No. 5447,
and in accordance with rules and regulations issued by
the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports and the
Ministry of the Budget. Said proceeds shall be
considered a local fund and shall be subject to
Presidential Decrees No. 477, Presidential Decree No.
1375 and other applicable local budget laws and
regulations.
Section 38. Tuition and other School Fees -
Secondary and post-secondary schools may charge
tuition and other school fees, in order to improve
facilities or to accommodate more students.
Section 39. Income from other Sources -
Government-supported educational institution may
receive grants, legacies, donations and gifts for
purposes allowed by existing laws.
Furthermore, income generated from production
activities and from auxiliary enterprises may be
retained and used for schools concerned in accordance
with rules and regulations jointly issued consistently
with pertinent appropriation and budgetary laws by the
Ministry of the Budget, the Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sports and the Commission on Audit.
B. FUNDING OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS
Section 40. Funding of Private Schools - Private
schools may be funded from their capital investment or
equity contributions, tuition fees and other school
charges, grants, loans, subsidies, passive investment
income and income from other sources.
Section 41. Government Assistance - The
government, in recognition of their complementary
role in the educational system, may provide aid to the
programs of private schools in the form of grants or
scholarships, or loans from government financial
institutions: Provided, that such programs meet certain
defined educational requirements and standards and
contribute to the attainment of national development
goals.
Section 42. Tuition and Other Fees - Each private
school shall determine its rate of tuition and other
school fees or charges. The rates and charges adopted
by schools pursuant to this provision shall be
collectible, and their application or use authorized,
subject to rules and regulations promulgated by the
Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports.
Section 43. Income from Other Sources - Any
private school duly recognized by the government,
may receive any grant and legacy, donation, gift,
bequest or devise from any individual, institution,
corporation, foundation, trust of philanthropic
organization, or research institution or organization as
may be authorized by law.
Furthermore, private schools are authorized to engage
in any auxiliary enterprise to generate income
primarily to finance their educational operations and/or
to reduce the need to increase students' fees.
Section 44. Institutional Funds - The proceeds from
tuition fees and other school charges, as well as other
income of schools, shall be treated as institutional
funds. Schools may pool their institutional funds, in
whole or in part, under joint management for the
purpose of generating additional financial resources.
C. INCENTIVES TO EDUCATION
Section 45. Declaration of Policy - It is the policy of
the State in the pursuit of its national education
development goals to provide an incentive program to
encourage the participation of the community in the
development of the educational sector.
Section 46. Relating to School Property - Real
property, such as lands, buildings and other
improvements thereon used actually, directly and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be subject to
the real property tax based on an assessment of fifteen
per cent of the market value of such property:
Provided, That all the proceeds from the payment
thereof shall accrue to a special private education fund
which shall be managed and disbursed by a local
private school board which shall be constituted in each
municipality or chartered city with private educational
institutions with the mayor or his representative as
chairman and not more than two representatives of the
institutional taxpayers, and, likewise, not more than
two residents of the municipality or chartered city who
are alumni of any of the institutional taxpayers as
members: Provided, further, That fifty percent of the
additional one percent tax on real estate property
provided for under Republic Act 5447, shall accrue to
the special private education fund: Provided, finally,
That in municipalities or chartered cities wherein the
number of private institutions with individual
enrollment of pupils and students over five thousand
exceeds fifteen, the members of the private school
board shall be increased to not more than fourteen
members determined proportionately by the Minister
of Education, Culture and Sports. The private school
board shall adopt its own rules which shall enable it to
finance the annual programs and projects of each
institutional taxpayer for the following purposes;
student-pupil scholarships; improvement of
instructional, including laboratory, facilities and/or
equipment; library books and periodicals acquisition;
and extension service in the community, in that order
of priority.
Section 47. Relating to Gifts or Donations to
Schools - All gifts or donation in favor of any school,
college or university recognized by the Government
shall not be subject to tax; Provided, That such gifts or
donations shall be for improvement of classrooms and
laboratory of library facilities, and shall not inure to
the benefit of any officer, director, official, or owner or
owners of the school, or paid out as salary, adjustments
or allowance of any form or nature whatsoever, except
in support of faculty and/or professorial chairs.
Section 48. Relating to Earnings from Established
Scholarship Funds - All earnings from the investment
of any duly established scholarship fund of any school
recognized by the government, constituted from gifts
to the school, and/or from contributions or other
resources assigned to said fund by the school, if said
earnings are actually used to fund additional
scholarship grants to financially deserving students
shall be exempt from tax until the scholarship fund is
fully liquidated, when the outstanding balance thereof
shall be subject to tax.
Section 49. School Dispersal Program - All gains
realized from the sale, disposition or transfer of
property, real or personal, of any duly established
private school, college or university, in pursuance of a
school dispersal program of the government or of the
educational institution as approved by the government,
shall be considered exempt from tax if the total
proceeds of the sale are reinvested in a new or existing
duly established school, college, or university located
in the dispersal site, within one (1) year from the date
of such sale, transfer or disposition; otherwise, all
taxes due on the gains realized from the transaction
shall immediately become due and payable.
Section 50. Conversion to Educational Foundations
- An educational institution may convert itself into a
non-stock, non-profit educational foundation, in
accordance with the implementing rules to be issued
jointly by the Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports and the Ministry of Finance.
In the case of stock corporations, if for any reason its
corporate existence as an educational institution ceases
and is not renewed, all its net assets after liquidation of
the liabilities and other obligations may be conveyed
and transferred to any non-profit educational
institution or successor non-profit educational
institution or to be used in such manner as in the
judgment of said court will best accomplish the
general purposes for which the dissolved organization
was organized, or to the State.
D. ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS
Section 51. Government Assistance to Students -
The government shall provide financial assistance to
financially disadvantaged and deserving students. Such
assistance may be in the form of State scholarships,
grants-in-aid, assistance from the Educational Loan
Fund, or subsidized tuition rates in State colleges and
universities.
All the above and similar assistance programs shall
provide for reserve quotas for financially needed but
academically qualified students from the national
cultural communities.
Section 52. Grant of Scholarship Pursuant to
Existing Laws - Educational institutions shall be
encouraged to grant scholarships to students pursuant
to the provisions of existing laws and such scholarship
measures as may hereafter be provided for by law.
Section 53. Assistance from the Private Sector - The
private sector, especially educational institutions,
business and industry, shall be encouraged to grant
financial assistance to students, especially those
undertaking research in the fields of science and
technology or in such projects as may be necessary
within the context of national development.
IV. THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, CULTURE
AND SPORTS
CHAPTER 1
 GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 54. Declaration of Policy - The
administration of the education system and, pursuant
to the provisions of the Constitution, the supervision
and regulation of educational institutions are hereby
vested in the Ministry of Education, Culture and
Sports, without prejudice to the provisions of the
charter of any state college and university.
Section 55. Organization - The Ministry shall be
headed by the Minister of Education, Culture and
Sports who shall be assisted by one or more Deputy
Ministers.
The organization of the Ministry shall consist of (a) the
Ministry Proper composed of the immediate Office of
the Minister, and the Services of the Ministry, (b) the
Board of Higher Education, which is hereby
established, (c) the Bureau of Elementary Education,
the Bureau of Secondary Education, the Bureau of
Higher Education, the Bureau of Technical and
Vocational Education, and the Bureau of Continuing
Education, which are hereby established, (d) Regional
offices and field offices, (e) the National Scholarship
Center and such other agencies as are now or may be
established pursuant to law, and (f) the cultural
agencies, namely: the National Library, the National
Historical Institute, the National Museum, and the
Institute of National Language. Such of the above
offices as are created or authorized to be established
under this provision, shall be organized and staffed and
shall function, subject to the approval of the President,
upon recommendation of the Minister of Education,
Culture and Sports in consultation with the Presidential
Commission on Reorganization.
Section 56. The National Board of Education is
hereby abolished, and its appropriations, personnel,
records, and equipment are hereby transferred to the
Office of the Minister of Education, Culture and
Sports.
Section 57. Functions and Powers of the Ministry -
The Ministry shall:
1. Formulate general education objectives and policies,
and adopt long-range educational plans;
2. Plan, develop and implement programs and projects
in education and culture;
3. Promulgate rules and regulations necessary for the
administration, supervision and regulation of the
educational system in accordance with declared policy;
4. Set up general objectives for the school system;
5. Coordinate the activities and functions of the school
system and the various cultural agencies under it;
6. Coordinate and work with agencies concerned with
the educational and cultural development of the
national cultural communities; and
7. Recommend and study legislation proposed for
adoption.
Section 58. Report to the Batasang Pambansa. - The
Minister of Education, Culture and Sports shall make
an annual report to the Batasang Pambansa on the
implementation of the national basic education plan,
the current condition of the education programs, the
adequacy or deficiency of the appropriations and status
of expenditures, the impact of education on the
different regions, the growth of enrollment, the
adequacy of academic facilities, the concentration of
low income groups, or the supply of teaching and non-
teaching personnel, with such comments and
appropriate recommendations thirty (30) days before
the opening of its regular session.
CHAPTER 2
BOARD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Section 59. Declaration of Policy - Higher education
will be granted towards the provision of better quality
education, the development of middle and high-level
manpower, and the intensification of research and
extension services. The main thrust of higher
education is to achieve equity, efficiency, and high
quality in the institutions of higher learning both
public and private, so that together they will provide a
complete set of program offerings that meet both
national and regional development needs.
Section 60. Organization of the Board of Higher
Education - The Board of Higher Education is
reconstituted as an advisory body to the Minister of
Education, Culture and Sports. The Board shall be
composed of a Deputy Minister of Education, Culture
and Sports designated as Chairman and four other
members to be appointed by the President of the
Philippines upon nomination by the Minister of
Education, Culture and Sports for a term of four years.
The four members shall have distinguished themselves
in the field of higher education and development either
in the public or private sector. In the initial
appointment of the non-ex officio members, the first
appointee shall serve for a term of four years; the
second for a term of three years; the third for a term of
two years; and the fourth for a term of one year. The
Director of the Bureau of Higher Education shall
participate in the deliberation of the Board but without
the right to vote. The Bureau of Higher Education shall
provide the Board with the necessary technical and
staff support: Provided, That the Board may create
technical panels of experts in the various disciplines as
the need arises.
Section 61. Function of the Board of Higher
Education. - The Board shall:
1. Make policy recommendations regarding the
planning and management of the integrated system of
higher education and the continuing evaluation thereof.
2. Recommend to the Minister of Education, Culture
and Sports steps to improve the governance of the
various components of the higher education system at
national and regional levels.
3. Assist the Minister of Education, Culture and Sports
in making recommendation relatives to the generation
of resources and their allocation for higher education.
CHAPTER 3
THE BUREAUS
Section 62. Bureau of Elementary Education - The
Bureau shall perform the following functions:
1. Conduct studies and formulate, develop, and
evaluate programs and educational standards for
elementary education;
2. Undertake studies necessary for the preparation of
prototype curricular designs, instructional materials,
and teacher training programs for elementary
education; and
3. Formulate guidelines to improve elementary school
physical plants and equipment, and general
management of these schools.
Section 63. Bureau of Secondary Education - The
Bureau shall perform the following functions:
1. Conduct studies and formulate, develop and
evaluate programs and educational standards for
secondary education;
2. Develop curricular designs, prepare instructional
materials, and prepare and evaluate programs to update
the quality of the teaching and non-teaching staff at the
secondary level;
3. Formulate guidelines to improve the secondary
school physical plants and equipment, and general
management of these schools.
Section 64. Bureau of Technical and Vocational
Education. - The Bureau shall perform the following:
1. Collaborate with other agencies in the formulation
of manpower plans;
2. Conduct studies, formulate, develop and evaluate
post-secondary vocational-technical programs and
recommend educational standards for these programs;
3. Develop curricular designs and prepare instructional
materials, prepare and evaluate programs to upgrade
the quality of teaching and non-teaching staff, and
formulate guidelines to improve the physical plant and
equipment of post-secondary vocational-technical
schools.
Section 65. Bureau of Higher Education - The
Bureau of higher Education shall perform the
following functions:
1. Develop, formulate and evaluate programs, projects
and educational standards for a higher education;
2. Provide staff assistance to the Board of Higher
Education in its policy formulation and advisory
functions;
3. Provide technical assistance to encourage
institutional development programs and projects;
4. Compile, analyze and evaluate data on higher
education; and
5. Perform other functions provided for by law.
Section 66. Bureau of Continuing Education - As
the main implementing arm of the non-formal
education programs of the Ministry, the Bureau shall
provide learning programs or activities that shall:
1. Serve as a means of meeting the learning needs of
those unable to avail themselves of the educational
services and programs of formal education;
2. Provide opportunities for the acquisition of skills
necessary to enhance and ensure continuing
employability, efficiency, productivity, and
competitiveness in the labor market;
3. Serve as a means for expanding access to
educational opportunities to citizens of varied interests,
demographic characteristics and socio-economic
origins or status.
CHAPTER 4
REGIONAL OFFICES
Section 67. Functions - A regional office shall:
1. Formulate the regional plan of education based on
the national plan of the Ministry taking into account
the specific needs and special traditions of the region;
2. Implement education laws, policies, plans,
programs, rules and regulations of the Ministry or
agency in the regional area;
3. Provide economical, efficient and effective
education services to the people in the area.
V. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
CHAPTER 1
PENAL ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS
Section 68. Penalty Clause - Any person upon
conviction for an act in violation of Section 28,
Chapter 3, Title III above, shall be punished with a
fine of not less than two thousand pesos (P2,000.00)
nor more than ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00) or
imprisonment for a maximum period of two (2) years,
or both, in the discretion of the court.
If the act is committed by a school corporation, the
school head together with the person or persons
responsible for the offense or violation shall be equally
liable.
Section 69. Administrative Sanction - The Minister
of Education, Culture and Sports may prescribe and
impose such administrative sanction as he may deem
reasonable and appropriate in the implementing rules
and regulations promulgated pursuant to this Act for
any of the following causes:
1. Mismanagement of school operations;
2. Gross inefficiency of the teaching or non-teaching
personnel;
3. Fraud or deceit committed in connection with the
application for Ministry permit or recognition;
4. Failure to comply with conditions or obligations
prescribed by this Code or its implementing rules and
regulations; and
5. Unauthorized operation of a school or course, or any
component thereof, or any violation of the requirement
governing advertisements or announcements of
educational institutions.
Sanctions against the schools shall be without
prejudice to the interest of the students, teachers and
employees.
CHAPTER 2
ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
Section 70. Rule-making Authority - The Minister
Education, Culture and Sports charged with the
administration and enforcement of this Act, shall
promulgate the necessary implementing rules and
regulations.
Section 71. Separability Provision - Any part or
provision of this Act which may held invalid or
unconstitutional shall not affect its remaining parts of
provisions.
Section 72. Repealing Clause - All laws or parts
thereof inconsistent with any provision of this Act
shall be deemed repealed or modified, as the case may
be.
Section 73. Effectivity - This Act shall take effect
upon its approval. Approved, September 11, 1982.
DECREE PROFESSIONALIZING TEACHING PD
1006
“Providing for the professionalization of teachers,
regulating their practice in the Philippines and for
other purposes.”
Whereas
"All educational institutions shall be under the
supervision of; and subject to regulation by, the State"
“The State shall establish and maintain a complete,
adequate and integrated system of education relevant
to the goals of national development”;
The Department of Education and Culture has adopted
ways and means of overseeing all the educational
institutions in the country;
The function of the DEC has been primarily beamed
towards insuring that the educational institutions
inculcate in the studentry love of the country, teach the
duties of citizenship, and develop moral character,
personal discipline, and scientific, technological and
vocational efficiency;
To implement these objectives, the institutions have
relied upon their teachers whose direct and continuing
interaction with the young people and the children
make them potent forces for the development of proper
attitudes among the citizenry;
This accounts for the tremendous growth of the
teaching population, comprising in the civil service
sector alone more than 300,000 teachers deployed all
over the country;
To insure that in the immediacy and urgency of teacher
recruitment qualitative requirements are not
overlooked, it has become necessary to regulate the
teaching profession;
Although teaching requires a number of years of
collegiate study, it is the only course that it is not yet
considered a profession
In recognition of the vital role of teachers in nation-
building and as an incentive to raise the morale of
teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as
professionals and teaching be recognized as a
profession.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS,
The President of the Philippines, by virtue of the
powers vested in me by the Constitution, do herby
decree and order:
SECTION 1 TITLE
“Decree Professionalizing Teaching”
SECTION 2 DECLARATION OF POLICY
It is hereby declared a policy that teacher education
shall be given primary concern and attention by the
government and shall be of the highest quality, and
strongly oriented to Philippine conditions and to the
needs and aspirations of the Filipino.
SECTION 3 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
the following shall be construed as follows:
(a) Teaching - refers to the profession primarily
concerned with the classroom instruction.
(b) Teachers - refers to all persons engaged in teaching
at the elementary and secondary levels
(c) Board - refers to the National Board for Teachers
duly constituted under this Decree.
SECTION 4 CREATION OF THE NATIONAL
BOARD FOR TEACHERS
Co-Chairman
(1) Secretary of Education and Culture
2) Chairman, Civil Service Commission Member
3) Commissioner, Professional Regulations
Commission
4) Two members representing the private sector to be
appointed by the President
SECTION 5 POWERS AND DUTIES
(a) Appoint a set of examiners for every examination
who will determine and prepare the contents of the
Board examination for teachers;
(b) Determine and fix the places and dates of
examination, appoint supervisors and room examiners
from among the employees of the Government;
(c) Look from time to time into the conditions
affecting the practice of the teaching profession;
(d) Issue, suspend, revoke, replace or reissue
Professional Teachers Certificate, and administer
oaths;
(e) Appoint, subject to the provisions of existing laws,
such officials and employees as are necessary in the
effective performance of its functions and
responsibilities, prescribe their duties and fix their
compensation;
(f) Prescribe and collect examination and other fees as
it may deem proper; and
(g) Promulgate rules and regulations, and exercise
such other powers, functions and duties as may be
necessary to carry into effect the purposes of this
Decree.
SECTION 6 QUALIFICATION
REQUIREMENTS FOR EXAMINATION
APPLICANTS
(a) The applicant must be a citizen of the Philippines;
(b) That he is of good moral character;
(c) That he is free from any physical or mental defect;
and
(d) That he possesses the following minimum
educational qualifications:
1) For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary
grades, BEEd or its equivalent;
2) For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor's
degree in Education or its equivalent with a major and
minor, or a Bachelor's degree in Arts or Sciences with
at least eighteen units in professional education; and
3) For teachers of secondary vocational and 2-year
technical courses, Bachelor's degree in the field of
specialization with at least 18 units in professional
education.
SECTION 7 APPOINTMENT OF EXAMINEER
The Board shall appoint a set of examiners for every
examination who are recognized authority in teacher
education. Any examiner who is in the service of the
Government shall receive the compensation herein
provided in addition to his salary.
SECTION 8 SCOPE OF THE EXAMINATION
The examination shall consist of written tests, the
scope of which shall be determined by the Board.
SECTION 9 RATINGS IN THE EXAMINATION
At least 70 per cent in all subjects, with no rating
below 50 per cent in any subject.
SECTION 10 REPORT OF THE RESULTS OF
EXAMINATION
The examiners shall report the ratings obtained by
each candidate to the Board within 150 days after the
last day of the examination, unless extended by the
latter.
SECTION 11 ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE
The Board may consider their certificates of rating as
certificates of eligibility or issue an entirely new
certificate up on registration of the teacher and
payment of the corresponding fees.
SECTION 12 REGISTRATIONS
Registration shall evidence that the registrant is
entitled to all the rights and privileges of a Professional
Teacher until and unless the certificate is suspended or
cancelled by the Board for just cause.
SECTION 13 REISSUANCE OF REVOKED
CERTIFICATES AND REPLACEMENT OF
LOST CERTIFICATES
A new certificate to replace a lost, destroyed or
mutilated certificate may be issued subject to the rules
of the Board.
SECTION 14 REGISTRATION BY
RECIPROCITY
That the applicant shall submit competent and
conclusive documentary evidence, confirmed by the
Department of Foreign Affairs, showing that his
country's existing laws permit citizens of the
Philippines to practice teaching profession under the
rules and regulations governing citizens.
SECTION 15 PROHIBITIONS
No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a
teacher unless he is holder of a Professional Teacher
Certificate or is considered a Professional Teacher
under this Decree.
SECTION 16 PENAL PROVISION
Any person violating any provision of this Decree
shall be penalized by a fine of not less than One
Thousand Pesos nor more than Five Thousand Pesos
with subsidiary imprisonment or to suffer an
imprisonment of not less than six months nor more
than two years, or both such fine and imprisonment at
the discretion of the Court.
SECTION 17 REPEALING CLAUSE
All Acts, Decrees, Executive Orders, Administrative
Orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
SECTION 18 SEPARABILITY CLAUSE
In case any provision of this Decree or any portion
thereof is declared unconstitutional by a competent
court, other provisions shall not be affected thereby.
SECTION 19 EFECTIVITY
This Decree shall take effect January 1, 1977.
 THE PHILIPPINE TEACHERS
PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT RA NO. 7836
AN ACT TO STRENGTHEN THE REGULATION
AND SUPERVISION OF THE PRACTICE OF
TEACHING IN THE PHILIPPINES AND
PRESCRIBING A LICENSURE EXAMINATION
FOR TEACHERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Article 1
Sec. 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the
“Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
Sec. 2. Statement of Policy.
The State recognizes the vital role of Teachers in
nation-building and development through a responsible
and literate Citizenry. Towards this end, the State shall
ensure and promote quality education by proper
supervision and regulation of the licensure
examination and Professionalization of the practice of
the teaching profession.
Sec. 3. Objectives. — This Act has the herein
objectives:
(a) The promotion, development and
professionalization of teachers and the
Teaching profession; and
(b) The supervision and regulation of the licensure
examination.
Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this
Act, the following terms shall mean:
A) “TEACHING” classroom Instructions
B) TEACHERS All persons engaged in teaching
C) “BOARD” Established and constituted under
this Act.
D) “COMMISSION” Professional Regulation
Commission.
Article ll BOARD FOR PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS
Sec. 5 creation and composition of the board
-created under this Act a board for professional
Teachers
-five (5) members who shall be appointed by the
President
Sec. 6. Duties and Function of the Board.
SEC. 7. TERM OF OFFICE.
-term 3 years(The Chairman and Vice-chairman and 1
member)
-1 member for 2 yrs and 1 member 1 yr
-No person who has served for two (2) consecutive
terms shall be eligible for reappointment.
-Appointment to fill an unexpired term shall be
considered an appointment to a complete term.
Sec. 8. Qualification of Board Members.
(a) Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
(b) Be at least thirty-five (35) years of age, of
proven integrity, and possessed of high moral
values
(c) Be a holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts
or Bachelor of Science in Education and
preferably a holder of a master’s or doctorate
degree in education, Or their equivalents, from
a university, school, college, academy or
institute duly Constituted, recognized and/or
accredited by the Philippine government;
(d) Be a professional teacher with a valid
certificate of registration and valid
Professional license,
(e) Has been a professional teacher in the active
practice of the teaching Profession for at least
ten (10) years in any level
(f) Not be an official or member of the faculty of,
nor have pecuniary interest In any university,
college, school, or institution conferring a
bachelor’s degree in Education or its
equivalents for at least three (3) years prior to
his appointment, And neither connected with a
review centres or with any group or
association where review classes or lectures in
preparation for the licensure examination are
offered or conducted
Sec. 9. Compensation of the Board.
-All board members of the Board shall receive
compensation
-computed on the basis of the number of
Examinees/candidates
Sec. 10. Supervision of the Board and Custodian of
its Records.
All records, shall be kept by the board under the
supervision of the commission
Sec. 11. Secretariat and Support Services
The PRC shall provide secretariat and other support
services
Sec. 12. Removal of a Board Member
The Chairman or the other member or the board may
be removed by the President
-neglect of duty, incompetence, Unprofessional,
unethical, immoral or dishonorable conduct,
commission or Toleration of irregularities in the
examination, after having been given the Opportunity
to defend himself in a proper administrative
investigation
Article 3 EXAMINATION AND REGISTRATION
Sec. 13. Examination, Registration and License
Required.
-PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS SHALL BE
REQUIRED TO UNDERGO A WRITTEN
EXAMINATION WHICH SHALL BE GIVEN AT
LEAST ONCE A YEAR IN SUCH PLACES AND
DATES AS THE BOARD MAY DETERMINE
UPON APPROVAL BY THE COMMISSION.
SEC. 14. SCOPE OF EXAMINATION.
-The examinations for the elementary and Secondary
school teachers shall be separate.
-examination for teachers in the elementary level shall
consist of two (2) parts, namely: professional
education and general education. T
-examination for teachers in the secondary level shall
consist of three (3) parts, namely: professional
education, general education, and Field of
specialization.
Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants.
A. A citizen of the Philippines or an alien
B. At least eighteen (18) years of age
C. In good health and of good reputation with
high moral values
D. Has not been convicted by final judgment by a
court for an offense Involving moral turpitude
-A graduate of a school, college or university
recognized by the Government and possesses the
minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
-a bachelor’s degree in early childhood Education
(BECED)
-a bachelor’s degree in elementary Education
(BSEED)
-Secondary (Bachelor degree in Education of its
equivalent major or minor/10 units of professional
education)
-Vocational Teachers (Bachelor degree in the field of
specification(18 units in professional education)
Sec. 16. Report of the Results of the Examination.
REPORT THE RATINGS OBTAINED BY EACH
CANDIDATE WITHIN 120 DAYS BY APPROVAL
OF PRC
Sec. 17. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and
Professional License
-Every registrant who has satisfactorily met all the
requirements specified,
-be issued a certificate of registration as a professional
teacher
-the certificate shall remain in full force and effect
until withdrawn, suspended and/or revoked in
accordance with law.
Sec. 18. Oath before Practice.
Every registrant shall be required to take his
professional oath before practicing as a professional
teacher.
Sec. 19. Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers.
Teachers may take an oral and written examination at
least once in five (5) years as basis for merit
promotion. In taking this examination, no fee shall be
required.
Sec. 20. Failure to Pass the Merit Examination.
-IF A TEACHER FAILS TO PASS THE MERIT
EXAMINATION, HE OR SHE SHALL BE
ALLOWED TO TAKE THE EXAMINATION FOR
A SECOND TIME.
-FOR THE SECOND TIME, THEN HE OR SHE
SHALL BE REQUIRED TO TAKE A DECS
ACCREDITED REFRESHER COURSE OR
PROGRAM BEFORE BEING ALLOWED TO
RETAKE THE EXAMINATION.
-DISMISSAL OR DEMOTION
Sec. 21. Incentives.
-Awarded with diploma of merit Passing the exam complying the requirements
under this Act
-Earn merit points for purposes of promotion and
salary ARTICLE IV PROVISIONS RELATIVE TO THE
PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION
-Be placed in the priority list for government
scholarship

Sec. 22. Integration of the Teaching Profession.
-Membership Integrated Organizations may last within
3 year upon registration recognized by PRC
-The teachers shall receive benefits and privileges to
their membership in the said organization.
-Payment of the required membership fees and dues
SEC. 23. REVOCATION OF THE CERTIFICATE
OF REGISTRATION, SUSPENSION FROM THE
PRACTICE OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION,
AND CANCELLATION OF TEMPORARY OR
SPECIAL PERMIT.
(a) Conviction for any criminal offense by a
court of competent jurisdiction;
(b) Immoral, unprofessional or dishonorable
conduct;
(c) Fraud;
(d) Malpractice, gross incompetence, gross
negligence or serious ignorance of the
practice
(e) Use of drugs
(f) Violations of any provision of this act
(g) )Unjustified or wilful failure to attend
seminars, workshops, conferences and the
like or the continuing education program
prescribed by the PRC
Sec. 24. Registration by Reciprocity.
-No teacher of a foreign nationality shall be
admitted to the examination
-That the laws of such state or country grant
the same privilege to Filipino professional
teachers on the same basis as the subject or
citizens of such foreign country or state.
SEC. 25. ROSTER OF PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS.
-containing the names and addresses of professional
teachers, date of Registration or issuance of certificate,
and other data
Sec. 26. Registration and Exception
Sec. 27. Inhibition against the Practice of the
Teaching Profession.
-no person shall practice or offer to practice the
teaching profession in the Philippines or be appointed
as teacher to any position calling for a teaching
position without having previously obtained a valid
certificate of registration and a valid professional
license from the Commission.
Sec. 28. Penal Provisions.
The following shall be punishable by a fine of not less
than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) nor more than
Twenty thousand Pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment
of nor less than six (6) months nor more Than five (5)
years, or both, at the discretion of the court:
(A) ANY PERSON WHO PRACTICES THE
TEACHING PROFESSION IN THE
PHILIPPINES WITHOUT BEING
CERTIFIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT;
(B) ANY PERSON WHO REPRESENTS OR
ATTEMPTS TO USE AS HIS OWN
CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION
THAT OF ANOTHER;
(C) ANY PERSON WHO GIVES ANY
FALSE, OR FRAUDULENT EVIDENCE
OF ANY KIND TO THE BOARD OR
ANY MEMBER THEREOF IN
OBTAINING A CERTIFICATE OF
REGISTRATION AS TEACHER;
(D) ANY PERSON WHO IMPERSONATES
ANY REGISTRANT OF THE SAME OR
DIFFERENT NAME;
(E) ANY PERSON WHO USES A
REVOKED OR SUSPENDED
CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION;
(F) ANY PERSON WHO, IN CONNECTION
WITH HIS NAME, OTHERWISE
ASSUMES, USES OR ADVERTISES
ANY TITLE OR DESCRIPTION
TENDING TO CONVEY OR CONVEYS
THE IMPRESSION THAT HE IS A
TEACHER WITHOUT HOLDING A
VALID CERTIFICATE; AND
(G) ANY PERSON WHO VIOLATES OR
WHO ABETS THE VIOLATION OF
 ANY OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
ACT.
Sec. 29. Appropriations.
Such sums as may be necessary to carry out
the Provisions of this Act shall be included in
the 1996 General Appropriations Act and
thereafter.
Sec. 30. Implementing Guidelines.
The Board shall formulate and adopt the
necessary guidelines for the effective implementation
of the provisions of this Act within sixty (60) days of
its approval.
Sec. 31. Transitory Provision.
All incumbent teachers in both the public and
private sector not otherwise certified as professional
teachers by virtue of this Act, shall be given (5) years
temporary certificates from the time the Board For
Professional Teachers is organized within which to
qualify as required by this Act and be included in the
roster of professionals.
Sec. 32. Separability Clause.
If, for any reason, any section or provision of
this Act or the application of such section or
provision to any person or circumstance is
declared unconstitutional or invalid, no other
section or provision of this Act shall be
affected thereby.
Sec. 33. Repealing Clause.
All laws, presidential decrees, executive
orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
Sec. 34. Effectivity Clause
This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15)
days following its complete publication in the
Official Gazette or in two (2) Newspapers of
general circulation.
AMENDMENTS TO CERTAIN SECTIONS OF RA.
7836 (RA NO. 9293 April 21, 2004)
AN ACT AMENDING CERTAIN SECTIONS OF
REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SEVENTY-EIGHT
HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX (R. A. NO. 7836),
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE "PHILIPPINE
TEACHERS PROFESSIONALIZATION ACT OF
1994"
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
assembled:
Section 1. Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836
is hereby amended as follows:
"Sec. 15. Qualification Requirements of
Applicant. – No applicant shall be admitted to take the
examination unless, on the date of filing of the
application, he shall have complied with the following
requirements:
"(e) A graduate of a school college or university
recognized by the government and possesses the
minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
(1) For teachers in preschool, a bachelor's degree in
early childhood education (BECED) or its equivalent;
(2) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor's
degree in elementary education (BSEED) or its
equivalent;
(3) For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor's
degree in education or its equivalent with a major and
minor, or a bachelor degree in arts and sciences with at
least eighteen (18) units in professional education; and
(4) For teachers of vocational and two-year technical
courses, a bachelor’s degree in the field of
specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen
(18) units in professional education,"
Sec. 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended
to read as follows:
"Sec 26. Registration and Exception. - No person
shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional
teacher as defined in this Act. whether in the
preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the
person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a
holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid
professional license or a holder of a valid
special/temporary permit.
Upon approval of the application and payment of the
prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and
professional license as a professional teacher shall be
issued without examination as acquired in this Act to a
qualified applicant, who is:
(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher
issued by the Civil Service Commission and the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or
(b) A registered professional teacher with the National
Board for Teachers under the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their
profession for the past five (5) years shall take at least
twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of a
least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of
context courses or the equivalent training and number
1 hours to be chosen from a list of courses to be
provided by the Board and the Department of
Education, before they can be allowed to practice their
profession in the country.
Those who have failed the licensure examination for
professional teachers, with a rating of not lower than
five percentage points from the passing general
average rating, shall be eligible as para-teachers upon
issuance by the Board of a two-year special permit,
renewable for a non-extendible period of two (2) years
The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where
there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher,
as identified and provided by the Department of
Education and the Autonomous Region for Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the
Board for professional teachers and to the
Commission. The special permit shall indicate the area
of assignment of the para-teacher.
A special permit may also be issued by the Board to a
person who has excelled and gained international
recognition and is a widely acknowledged expert in his
or her respective field of specialization."
Sec. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended
to read as follows:
"Sec. 31. Transitory Provision. – Special permits,
with a validity of three (3) and five (5) years. Issued to
para-teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers
before the effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to
expire based on the period granted therein: Provided,
that only special permits with a validity of three (3)
years maybe renewed upon expiration for a non-
extendible period of two (2) years."
Sec. 4. References to the term "Department of
Education, Culture and Sports", in Section 4 (a) and
Section 25, and the term "DECS" in Section 20, of the
same Act, are hereby amended to read as "Department
of Education" DepEd", respectively.
Sec. 5. Separability Clause. - If, for any reason, any
section or provision of this Act or the application of
such section in provision to any person in
circumstance is declared unconstitutional or invalid, no
other section or provision of this Act shall be affected
thereby.
Sec. 6. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees,
circulars, administrative orders, rules and regulations,
and other issuances which are inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act am hereby repealed or modified
accordingly.
Sec. 7. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect upon
approval.
THE ENHANCE BASIC Education Act of 2013
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10533
SECTION 2 DECLARATION OF POLICY
•The State shall establish, maintain and support a
complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people, the
country, and society at large.
• The State shall create a functional basic education
system that will develop productive and responsible
citizens equipped with the essential competencies,
skills, and values for both lifelong learning and
employment.
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE FUNCTIONAL BASIC
EDUCATION, THE STATE SHALL:
(a) Give every student an opportunity to receive a
quality education that is globally competitive based on
a pedagogically sound curriculum that is at par with
international standards;
(b) Broaden the goals of high school education for
college preparation, vocational and technical career
opportunities as well as creative arts, sports, and
entrepreneurial employment in a rapidly changing and
increasingly globalized environment; and
•c) Make education learner-oriented and responsive to
the needs, cognitive and cultural capacity,
circumstances, and diversity of learners, schools, and
communities through the appropriate languages of
teaching and learning, including the mother tongue as
a learning resource.
SECTION 3 BASIC EDUCATION
• Basic education is intended to meet basic learning
needs which provide the foundation on which
subsequent learning can be based.
• STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES IN
It encompasses:
Kindergarten, elementary and secondary education
as well as alternative learning systems for out-of-
school learners and those with special needs.
SECTION 4 ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION
PROGRAM.
•The enhanced basic education program encompasses:
– One (1) year of kindergarten education,
– six (6) years of elementary education,
– six (6) years of secondary education, in that
sequence. Secondary education includes four (4) years
of junior high school and two (2) years of senior high
school education.
• For kindergarten and the first three (3)
years of elementary education,
instruction, teaching materials and
assessment shall be in the regional or
native language of the learners.
• The Department of Education
(DepED) shall formulate a mother
language transition program from
Grade 4 to Grade 6 so that Filipino
and English shall be gradually
introduced as languages of instruction
• To achieve an effective enhanced
basic education curriculum, DepED
shall undertake consultations with
other national government agencies
and other stakeholders including:
• Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE),
• Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC),
• private and public schools
associations,
• national student organizations, the
national teacher organizations,
• parents-teachers associations
• chambers of commerce on matters
affecting the concerned stakeholders.
DEVELOPING THE ENHANCED BASIC
EDUCATION CURRICULUM :
• (a) The curriculum shall be learner-
centered, inclusive, and
developmentally appropriate;
• (b) The curriculum shall be relevant,
responsive, and research-based;
• (c) The curriculum shall be culture-
sensitive;
• (d) The curriculum shall be
contextualized and global;
• (e) The curriculum shall use
pedagogical approaches that are
constructivist, inquiry-based,
reflective, collaborative and
integrative
• (f) The curriculum shall adhere to the
principles and framework of Mother
Tongue- Based Multilingual
Education (MTB-MLE) which starts
from where the learners are and from
what they already knew proceeding
from the known to the unknown;
instructional materials and capable
teachers to implement the MTB-MLE
curriculum shall be available;
• (g) The curriculum shall use the spiral
progression approach to ensure
mastery of knowledge and skills after
each level; and
• (h) The curriculum shall be flexible
enough to enable and allow schools to
localize, indigenize and enhance the
same based on their respective
educational and social contexts. The
production and development of locally
produced teaching materials shall be
encouraged and approval of these
 materials shall devolve to the regional
and division education units.
SECTION 7 Teacher Education and Training.
To ensure that the enhanced basic education program
meets the demand for quality teachers and school
leaders, the DepED and the CHED, in collaboration
with relevant partners in government, academe,
industry, and nongovernmental organizations, shall
conduct teacher education and training programs, as
specified:
•(a) In-service Training on Content and Pedagogy
Current DepED teachers shall be retrained to meet the
content and performance standards of the new K to 12
curriculum.
The DepED shall ensure that private education
institutions shall be given the opportunity to avail of
such training.
•(b) Training of New Teachers.
New graduates of the current Teacher Education
curriculum shall undergo additional training, upon
hiring, to upgrade their skills to the content standards
of the new curriculum. Furthermore, the CHED, in
coordination with the DepED and relevant
stakeholders, shall ensure that the Teacher Education
curriculum offered in these Teacher Education
Institutes (TEIs) will meet necessary quality standards
for new teachers
•Duly recognized organizations acting as TEIs, in
coordination with the DepED, the CHED, and other
relevant stakeholders, shall ensure that the curriculum
of these organizations meet the necessary quality
standards for trained teachers
• (c) Training of School Leadership.
Superintendents, principals, subject area
coordinators and other instructional school leaders
shall likewise undergo workshops and training to
enhance their skills on their role as academic,
administrative and community leaders.
SECTION 8 HIRING OF GRADUATES OF
SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS,
ENGINEERING AND OTHER SPECIALISTS IN
SUBJECTS WITH A SHORTAGE OF
QUALIFIED APPLICANTS, TECHNICAL-
VOCATIONAL COURSES AND HIGHER
EDUCATION INSTITUTION FACULTY.
Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 26, 27, and
28 of Republic Act No. 7836, otherwise known as the
“Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994″,
the DepED and private education institutions shall
hire, as may be relevant to the particular subject:
• (a) Graduates of science, mathematics,
statistics, engineering, music and other
degree courses with shortages in
qualified Licensure Examination for
Teachers (LET) applicants to teach in
their specialized subjects in
elementary and secondary education.
• Qualified LET applicants shall also
include graduates admitted by
foundations duly recognized for their
expertise in the education sector and
who satisfactorily complete the
requirements set by these
organizations:
• Provided, That they pass the LET
within five (5) years after their date of
hiring: Provided, further, That if such
graduates are willing to teach on a
part-time basis, the provisions of LET
shall no longer be required
• (b) Graduates of technical-vocational
courses to teach in their specialized
subjects in secondary education:
Provided, That these graduates possess
the necessary certification issued by
the TESDA: Provided, further, That
they undergo appropriate in-service
training to be administered by the
DepED or higher education
institutions (HEIs) at the expense of
the DepED
• (c) Faculty of HEIs be allowed to
teach in their general education or
subject specialties in secondary
education:
• Provided, That the faculty must be a
holder of a relevant Bachelor’s degree,
and must have satisfactorily served as
a full-time HEI faculty;
• (d) The DepED and private education
institutions may hire practitioners,
with expertise in the specialized
learning areas offered by the Basic
 Education Curriculum, to teach at the
secondary level;
• Provided, That they teach on a part-
time basis only. For this purpose, the
DepED, in coordination with the
appropriate government agencies,
shall determine the necessary
qualification standards for hiring these
experts.
SECTION 9 CAREER GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING ADVOCACY.
To properly guide the students in choosing the career
tracks that they intend to pursue, the DepED, in
coordination with the DOLE, the TESDA, and the
CHED, shall regularly conduct career advocacy
activities for secondary level students.
• Notwithstanding the provisions of
Section 27 of Republic Act No. 9258,
otherwise known as the “Guidance
and Counselling Act of 2004″, career
and employment guidance counselors,
who are not registered and licensed
guidance counselors, shall be allowed
to conduct career advocacy activities
to secondary level students of the
school where they are currently
employed;
• Provided, That they undergo a training
program to be developed or accredited
by the DepED.
SECTION 10 EXPANSION OF E-GASTPE
BENEFICIARIES.
The benefits accorded by Republic Act No. 8545, or
the “Expanded Government Assistance to Students and
Teachers in Private Education Act”, shall be extended
to qualified students enrolled under the enhanced basic
education.
•The DepED shall engage the services of private
education institutions and non- DepED schools
offering senior high school through the programs
under Republic Act No. 8545, and other financial
arrangements formulated by the DepED and the
Department of Budget and Management (DBM) based
on the principles of public-private partnership.
SECTION 11 APPROPRIATIONS.
The Secretary of Education shall include in the
Department’s program the operationalization of the
enhanced basic education program, the initial funding
of which shall be charged against the current
appropriations of the DepED. Thereafter, the amount
necessary for the continued implementation of the
enhanced basic education program shall be included in
the annual General Appropriations Act.
SECTION 12 TRANSITORY PROVISIONS.
The DepED, the CHED, and the TESDA shall
formulate the appropriate strategies and mechanisms
needed to ensure a smooth transition from the existing
ten (10) years basic education cycle to the enhanced
basic education (K to 12) cycle.
• The strategies may cover changes in
physical infrastructure, manpower,
organizational and structural concerns,
bridging models linking grade 10
competencies and the entry
requirements of new tertiary curricula,
and partnerships between the
government and other entities.
• Modeling for senior high school may
be implemented in selected schools to
simulate the transition process and
provide concrete data for the transition
plan.
SECTION 13 JOINT CONGRESSIONAL
OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE ON THE
ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAM (K TO 12 PROGRAM).
There is hereby created a Joint Oversight Committee
to oversee, monitor and evaluate the implementation of
this Act.
The Oversight Committee shall be composed of five
(5) members each from the Senate and from the House
of Representatives, including Chairs of the
Committees on Education, Arts and Culture, and
Finance of both Houses. The membership of the
Committee for every House shall have at least two (2)
opposition or minority members.
SECTION 14 MANDATORY EVALUATION
AND REVIEW.
By the end of School Year 2014-2015, the DepED
shall conduct a mandatory review and submit a
midterm report to Congress as to the status of
implementation of the K to 12 programs in terms of
closing the following current shortages: (a) teachers;
(b) classrooms; (c) textbooks; (d) seats; (e) toilets; and
(f) other shortages that should be addressed.

The DepED shall include among others, in this

midterm report, the following key metrics of access to
and quality of basic education: (a) participation rate;
(b) retention rate; (c) National Achievement Test
results; (d) completion rate; (e) teachers’ welfare and
training profiles; (f) adequacy of funding
requirements; and (g) other learning facilities
including, but not limited to, computer and science
laboratories, libraries and library hubs, and sports,
music and arts.

SECTION 15 COMMITMENT TO
INTERNATIONAL BENCHMARKS.

The DepED shall endeavor to increase the per capita

spending on education towards the immediate
attainment of international benchmarks.

GOD BLESS YOU!

IF YOU BELIEVE, YOU WILL RECEIVE

WHATEVER YOU ASK IN PRAYER

-MATTHEW 21:22-

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