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Mehrdad Moghadas
University of Tehran More questions, even more answers
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Soil Science Geotechnical Engineering Soil Mechanics

Nov 1, 2013 QUESTION FOLLOWERS (20) See all

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Krzysztof Sternik · Silesian University of Technology
If you consider the ultimate state of a soil, often called the critical state, Answers 9
there is no difference between critical state friction angle and the angle of
repose. Critical state is the state of failure when stresses (normal and
shear) do not change any more during shearing and volume is also
constant. Only distortion (shear strain) continues to increase. The ratio of
shear stress over normal stress at any stage of shearing equals to the
tangent of so called mobilised friction angle. When you look at the shear
curve (shear strain vs. shear stress) for a loose sand or normally
consolidated clay it increases monotonically to the ultimate value of shear
stress. The stress path (normal stress vs. shear stress) goes straight up
during shearing at constant normal stress. So the mobilised friction angle
increases monotonically to the critical (or residual) value of friction angle.
When you have dense sand or overconsolidated clay, the shear curve
goes up at the beginning and then drops. The stress path firstly goes up,
then drops to the failure line (Coulomb line). This means that the mobilised
friction angle increases to the peak value and then drops to take the
critical state value.
You can find clear explanations for all of this e.g. in the book of Atkinson
"The mechanics of soils and foundations" or http://environment.uwe.ac.uk
/geocal/geoweb.htm.
In practical application it is safer to take the critical state (or residual)
value.

Nov 6, 2013

ALL ANSWERS (9)

Anubhav Srivastav · NTPC Limited

Internal friction angle of soil varies with the density of soil. Angle of
repose is the angle of friction of sand in loosest state.For sands angle of
repose is equals to the residual friction angle.

Nov 1, 2013

Krzysztof Sternik · Silesian University of Technology

If you consider the ultimate state of a soil, often called the critical state,
there is no difference between critical state friction angle and the angle of
repose. Critical state is the state of failure when stresses (normal and
shear) do not change any more during shearing and volume is also
constant. Only distortion (shear strain) continues to increase. The ratio of
shear stress over normal stress at any stage of shearing equals to the
tangent of so called mobilised friction angle. When you look at the shear
curve (shear strain vs. shear stress) for a loose sand or normally
consolidated clay it increases monotonically to the ultimate value of shear
stress. The stress path (normal stress vs. shear stress) goes straight up
during shearing at constant normal stress. So the mobilised friction angle
increases monotonically to the critical (or residual) value of friction angle.
When you have dense sand or overconsolidated clay, the shear curve
goes up at the beginning and then drops. The stress path firstly goes up,
then drops to the failure line (Coulomb line). This means that the mobilised
friction angle increases to the peak value and then drops to take the
critical state value.
You can find clear explanations for all of this e.g. in the book of Atkinson
"The mechanics of soils and foundations" or http://environment.uwe.ac.uk
/geocal/geoweb.htm.
In practical application it is safer to take the critical state (or residual)
value.

Nov 6, 2013

Krzysztof Sternik · Silesian University of Technology

Shamas, both sands and clays have the internal friction angle. It
characterizes their strength. What you write about clays is undrained
shear strength (cu or su). It can be measured in e.g. unconfined
compression test. In undrained conditions the friction angle for clays is
approximately 0 provided that the clay tested is saturated. In drained
conditions the friction angle for clays at failure (in the critical state) is
somewhere between 20 and 30 deg.
Certainly, we cannot speak about the angle of repose for clays unless a
clay sample is remoulded (its structure is destroyed, thus bonds are
broken) and is submerged in water to overcome negative pore water
pressure and resulting suction.

Dec 2, 2013

Krzysztof Sternik · Silesian University of Technology

Unconfined compression test gives the short term shear strength called
also undrained shear strength. It can be used in case of rapid loading of
clays (e.g. earthquake). In such conditions the friction angle is 0 and the
strength is expressed only by cohesion.

Dec 2, 2013

Shreedhar Ramachandrayya · Gogte Institute of Technology

A Comparison between Angle of Repose and Friction Angle of
Sand
E01.pdf

Feb 26, 2014

Ali Lashkari · Shiraz University of Technology

Hi,

Please look at this interesting paper:

Santamarina, J. C., and Cho, G. C. (20001). Determination of critical

state parameters in sandy soils- simple procedure. ASTM Geotechnical
Testing Journal, 24(2), 185-192.

Aug 20, 2014

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