Fiqh of Prayer

Fiqh of The Prayer (Salah)
It was reported by Mua’wiyah that the Prophet (Allah

bless him and give him peace) said, “If Allah wants good
for someone, he gives him understanding of the religion.”
Course content
01 Importance of Salah 07 Disliked actions & 13 Imam & Ma’moon
Nullifiers
02 Athan & Iqamah 08 Sujuud Sahw 14 Jummah prayer
03 The Conditions of Salah 09 The Witr prayer 15 Janazah prayer
04 The Obligations 10 Sunnah prayers
05 The Sunan of the Salah 11 Times you shouldn’t pray
06 The prayer of the Prophet 12 Congregational prayer

01 Virtue of Salah
Praying the Salah has a great reward. The prayer prevents you from immorality
“Indeed, those who believe and do righteous “Recite, [O Muhammad], what has been revealed
deeds and establish prayer and give zakah will to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed,
have their reward with their Lord, and there will prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and
be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.” the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah
(2:277) knows that which you do. (29:45)
01 Importance of Salah
• {And establish prayer...} [Quran: 2: 43]
• It was narrated that Jaabir ibn ‘Abd-Allaah (may Allaah be pleased with
him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said: “Between a man and shirk [associating others with Allaah] and
kufr [disbelief] there stands his giving up prayer.” Narrated by Muslim, 82.
01 Importance of Salah
• The first question on the day of judgement
• I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “The
first deed for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will
be his prayer. If it is good then he will have prospered and succeeded, but if it is bad then
he will be doomed and have lost. If anything is lacking from his obligatory prayers, the
Lord will say, ‘Look and see whether My slave did any voluntary prayers, and make up
the shortfall in his obligatory prayers from that.’ Then all his deeds will be dealt with
likewise.” Narrated by al-Nasaa’i, 465; al-Tirmidhi, 4
01 The Ruling of Salah
• The prayer is fard ‘ayn (a personal obligation) upon every sane,

mature Muslim.
Allah says: [ ‘And establish the prayer. Indeed prayer has been enjoined]
01 Importance of the prayer
Introduction to (Salah)
Definition:
Linguistic term: Salah linguistically means Supplication (du’a);
Allah says [‘and pray for them; your prayer is a source of peace for them] (9:103),
Islamic term (Technical): The combination of words and actions that commence with
the Takbeer (exaltation) for Allah and conclude with the Salam (salutation), with
specific conditions’
02 Athan & Iqamah
Virtue of the Athan/Muadhin
The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “And when Salah approaches, let someone among you
make the call to prayer for you, then let the oldest among you lead (the
prayer).” [ Agreed upon.]
“I heard the Messenger of Allah ‫ ﷺ‬saying: “Your Lord is amazed at a goat shepherd
at the peak of a mountain[ The midst of mountain peaks] who calls the adhan and
prays. Allah says, ‘Look at this servant of mine, he proclaims the call to prayer,
announces the commencement of prayer and then prays, fearing Me. I have
forgiven him all of his sins.” [ Source: An-Nasa’i.]
02 Athan & Iqamah
Virtue of the Muadhin
Everything that hears the voice of the Mu′adhin (the one who says
Adhan) will testify on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection. The Prophet
‫ ﷺ‬said: “The jinn, mankind or any other thing that hears the voice of
the Mu′adhin, will testify on his behalf on the Day of Resurrection.” [
Source: Al-Bukhari.]
02 Athan & Iqamah
Important rules and principles regarding the Athan
• The Athan & Iqamah are sunnah (Recommended)

• It should be read when the time of salat starts
• The Athan must be done by a Muslim, sane man
• It must be said in Arabic using the wording of the sunnah.
• Woman are not allowed to call the Athan publicly but the they
are encouraged to do so privately
• It is recommended to listen to the Athan and repeat after him.
• It is recommended to recite the Dua after the Athan
The hadeeth of the one who prayed wrong
03
A man entered the masjid and prayed, and the Messenger of Allah ( )‫ﷺ‬was watching,
but we did not realize. When he had finished, he came and greeted the Messenger of
Allah with salam. He said: "Go back and pray, for you have not prayed." So he went
back and prayed, then he came to the Messenger of Allah ( )‫ﷺ‬and he said: "Go back
and pray, for you have not prayed." (This happened) two or three times.
Then the man said to him: "By the One who has honored you , O Messenger of Allah
( ,)‫ﷺ‬I have tried my best; teach me." He said: "When you get up to pray, perform wudu
and do it well, then turn to face the Qiblah and say the takbir. Then recite the Quran,
then bow until you are at ease in bowing. Then stand up until you are standing
straight, then prostrate until you are at ease prostrating, then sit up until you are at
ease sitting, then prostrate until you are at ease prostrating, then get up, and continue
doing that until you have finished your prayer.“
03 Conditions of Salah
Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)
1. Islam
2. Al-Aql - Sanity
3. Tamyeez - (Age of understanding)
4. Niyyah - (Intention)
5. State of purity
6. Removal of filth
7. Covering the Awrah
8. Facing the Qiblah
9 Entrance of time
1. Islam
The prayer is not valid if performed by an unbeliever.

But they will still be asked about it on the day of Judgement.
[And asking them], "What put you into Saqar (Hell)?"

They will say, "We were not of those who prayed, (Qur'an 74: 42)
2. Al-Aql – Sanity
The insane is not held accountable for his/her actions) and is not required to perform the
daily prayers
The Messenger of Allah (Pbuh) said: “The Pen is lifted from three (i.e., their deeds are not
recorded): a child until he reaches puberty; an insane man until he comes to his senses;
one who is asleep until he wakes up.”
[Abu Dawud #4403, and Ibn Majah #2041]
Discuss the following ( If someone intoxicates himself on purpose and is not in his right
mind are they required to pray and is the pen lifted from them
3. Tamyeez - (Age of understanding)
The age of tamyeez is when children are seven years old, it is around this age
that children start understanding instructions and can appreciate the importance
of the prayer.
The prophet said (Teach your children to pray when they are seven years old, and
smack them (lightly) if they do not pray when they are 10 years old, and separate
them in their beds.”)
[Abu Dawod (459) and Ahmad (6650)]
4. Niyyah (intention)
You must have the right intention for your prayer this means
1. You must only pray for Allah (Sincerity)

2. You must intend to sincerely pray the designated prayer and have no other
purpose in that moment. If it Duhr you are praying you cant be thinking its
Asr or isha or anything else.
3. Niyyah does not need to be vocalised at all. It happens in the heart.

5. State of Purity (Taharah)/6. Removal of filth
You must be pure from major and minor impurity and Najasah
1. The Prophet ( )‫ﷺ‬said: Allah does not accept charity from goods acquired by
embezzlement as He does not accept prayer without purification.
2. The clothes, body and place of worship must all be pure.

5. State of Purity (Taharah)/6. Removal of filth
You must be pure from major and minor impurity and Najasah
1. The Prophet ( )‫ﷺ‬said: Allah does not accept charity from goods acquired by
embezzlement as He does not accept prayer without purification.
2. The clothes, body and place of worship must all be pure.

7. Covering the Awrah
You must cover you awrah when you are praying
• According to the Ijma of the scholars (consensus) the Awrah of a man is the area
between the navel and the knees.
• With women it is their entire body that is Awrah except the face & hands.
O Children of Adam! Put on your adornment (proper and decent dress) when you attend
your Masjid at the time of every prayer. (7:31)
8. Facing the Qiblah
Facing the Qiblah is a condition of the Salah

• So turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haraam (at Makkah) and wheresover
your people are, turn your faces in that direction. (Al-Baqarah 2:144)
• The first Qiblah was towards Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem) later that was abrogated and
the Qiblah was changed to the Kabah in Makkah
9. Entrance of time
Every prayer has a particular time that you cannot pray before or
after.
Allah say in the Quran
Then keep up the prayer; surely the prayer has been a timed prescription (Literally: book)
for the believers.
Prayer times
1. Duhr begins at the zawal when the sun passes its peak
Finishes whan a man’s shadow is equal in length to his height (this is the end
time)
2. Asr begins when the time for Zuhr ends, i.e., when the length of an object’s
shadow becomes equal to the length of the object itself.
‘Asr ends when the sun sets,
3. Magrib starts when the sun sets
And ends when the twilight or red afterglow has faded.
4. Isha’ begins when the red afterglow disappears from the sky)
Isha finishes at Fajr when the Dawn emerges horizonltaly (The second dawn .
5. Fajr start when the light of dawn emerges
Fajr ends when the sun comes up.
Start of Fajr
Horizon
light up and
sun is
about to
come up
End of Fajr
Sun came
up and the
morning is
bright
Pay attention
to the
Shadow of
the stick it is
early morning
now
It is close to
duhr time
now almost
Midday
Shadow is
becoming
smaller
Duhr times
start when at
Zawal when
the sun
moves over
the object
When the
shadow is
equal to the
length of
the subject
Duhr ends
and Asr
starts
The Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon
him) said: “The time for ‘Asr
lasts until the sun turns
yellow.”
This is the preferred time but
one can pray Asr until
Maghrib starts
Maghrib
starts when
the Sun sets
And ends
when the red
twilight in the
horizon
disappears
When the red
twilight in the
horizon
disappears
and it
becomes dark
Isha starts
Isha finishes
at the start of
fajr
but it is better
to not delayed
past midnight
04 Obligations of Salah
The Obligations of the prayer (Arkan)
(1) Standing during obligatory prayers if one is able to do so

(2) The opening takbeer (saying “Allaahu akbar”)
(3) Reciting al-Faatihah
(4) Rukoo’ (bowing),
(5) Rising from bowing
(6) Standing up straight
(7) Sujood (prostration)
(8) Rising from prostration
(9) Sitting between the two prostrations
.
The Obligations of the prayer (Arkan)
(10)Being at ease in each of these physical pillars

(11)The final tashahhud
(12)Sitting to recite the final tashahhud and the two salaams
(13)The salaam.
(14)Doing the pillars in the order mentioned here
1. Standing (Qiyam) if able.
Allah Says (what means): {Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the
middle [i.e. ‘asr] prayer and stand before Allah, devoutly obedient.} [Quran 2: 238
It was also narrated by al-Bukhaari, Abu Dawood and al-Nasaa’i, who added: “If you
cannot, then lying on your back, and Allaah does not burden any soul beyond its scope.”
2. The opening Takbeer. (Allahu Akbar)
The prophet said (When you get up to pray, perform wudu and do
it well, then turn to face the Qiblah and say the takbeer) (Hadith of
the one who prayed wrong)
3. Reading the Fatiha.
The Prophet (pbuh) said “There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening
of the Book [i.e., al-Faatihah].” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 714).
4. Rukoo’ Bowing.
The Prophet (pbuh) said “then bow until you are at ease in bowing. (The hadith of the one
who prayed wrong)
5.Rising from rukoo & 6. Standing up straight’.

The prophet said (Then stand up until you are standing straight) Same reference
7. Sujood (Prostrating).
The Prophet (pbuh) said “then prostrate (Sujood) until you are at ease prostrating,. (The
hadith of the one who prayed wrong)
8. Rising from Sujood’. & 9.Sitting between the two Sujoods
The prophet said (then sit up until you are at ease sitting, )
However one sits is good enough, but the Sunnah is to sit muftarishan, which means sitting
on the left foot and holding the right foot upright with the toes pointing towards the qiblah.
Sujood
The prophet (pbuh) said I have been commanded to prostrate on seven

bones: on the forehead,” and he pointed to his nose, “and on the two hands,
the two knees and the edges of the two feet (i.e., the toes).” Narrated by al-
Bukhaari, 812; Muslim, 490.
Iftirash.
Sit like this
1. Between two sujoods

2. First tashahud
Can we sit like this?
10. Being at ease (Tranquility) Tuma’neenah
The Prophet (pbuh) said (Then recite the Quran, then bow until you are at ease in bowing.
Then stand up until you are standing straight, then prostrate until you are at ease
prostrating, then sit up until you are at ease sitting, then prostrate until you are at ease
prostrating, then get up, and continue doing that until you have finished your prayer.“
(The hadith of the one who prayed wrong)
The scholars defined the Tuma’neenah as a praying person’s limbs remaining
motionless between between each pillar
11. Final Tashahhud & 12. being seated suring the

Tashahhud:
The Prophet (pbuh) said
[when anyone of you sits during his prayer, he should say: ‘At-tah, iyyatu-li l-lahi,' up to
'As-Salihin,]’ Bukhari
َّ ‫التَّ ِح َّي ُات الْ ُم َب َار ََك ُت‬

‫ ال َّس َال ُم عَلَ ْي َك َأُّيه َا النَّ ِ هب َو َر ْ َْح ُة هللا‬،‫الصلَ َو ُات ا َّلط ِي َب ُات هلل‬
‫ َأ ْشهَدُ َأ ْن َال ا ه َٰل االَّ هللا َو َأ ْشهَدُ َأ َّن‬،‫ ال َّس َال ُم عَلَ ْينَا َوعَ ََل ِع َبا ِد هللا ال َّصا ِل ِح َني‬،ُ‫َوبَ َر ََكتُه‬
ِ ِ ِ ‫ول‬ ُ ‫ُم َح َّمد ًا َر ُس‬
»‫الل‬
Tawaruk.
Sit like this during

the final Tashahud
13. The final Salaam
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of
Allah be upon him) said:
“The key to prayer is purification, its start is the takbeer (saying Allahu akbar) and its exit
is the tasleem (saying the salaam).”
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

If it is asked: upon whom are salaams being sent?
The answer is that they said: If there is a group of others with him, then the salaam is
upon them; if there is no group with him, then the salaam is upon the angels who are on
his right and his left, so he says: As-salaamu ‘alaykum wa rahmat-Allah. End quote.
14. Do the Arkan (Pillars in order)
All of the aforementioned pillars must be done in the order they are mentioned for the
Salah to be valid.
If a person deliberately prostrates before bowing, for example, the prayer is invalidated; if
he does that by mistake, he has to go back and bow, and then prostrate.
05 Sunnan of Salah
The Sunnan of the Salah 10 Sending Salawat upon the

prophet (PBUH)
1. Raising hands for the takbeer 11. Resting before getting up
2. Putting the hands on the chest 12. Tawaruk & Iftirash
3. Looking at the place of sujood 13. Pointing with the finger during
4. Opening Dua tashahud
5. Saying Adhu bilah mina shaytan rajeem 14. Dua after the final tashahud
6. Reading a surah after fatihah 15. Takbeer intiqal (Moving)
7. Tasbeeh during Rukoo and Sujood 16. Sutrah
8. Dhikr read when rising up 17. Reciting the adhkar after the
9. Dua between two sujoods prayer
06 Description of the Prophets prayer
The Intention (an-Niyyah)
The person who is going to pray must have in his heart the intention to pray that particular
Prayer, be it the Obligatory Zuhr or ‘Asr Prayer, or the Sunnah Prayers for them, for
example. As for expressing that upon the tongue, then it is an innovation (bid’ah), contrary
to the Sunnah.
Facing Qiblah, Saying Takbir#
Whenever the Prophet (PBUH) stood for prayer, he faced the qiblah (towards the Ka’bah),
raised his hands up to the shoulders making the palms face the qiblah, saying the takbir,
“Allahu Akbar” i.e. “Allah is the Greatest.”
Placing the Hands
He (PBUH) then holds his left hand with his right hand, putting it on his chest or he (PBUH)
holds his left forearm with his right hand, putting it on his chest.
Opening Invocation
Then, he (PBUH) says the opening invocation; he (PBUH) did not observe a certain opening
invocations regularly, so it is permissible to say any of the opening invocation reported to
have been said by the Prophet (PBUH). Among these invocations is:
In Arabic, “Subhanakallahumma, wa bihamdika tabarakasmuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa la
ilaha ghairuk.”
Which means, “Glory be to You, O Allah, and to You be all praise, and Blessed is Your Name,
and Exalted is Your Majesty, and there is no deity (worthy of worship) but You.”
Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah
Then, he (PBUH) recites Al-Fatihah in Arabic (the Opening Chapter of the Qur’an), following
it with saying “Amin”.
Reciting a Supporting Surah
After that, he (PBUH) recites a surah from the Qur’an (a long, a short or a medium one). It is
narrated that he (PBUH) used to prolong reciting the Qur’an in the Fajr (Dawn) Prayer in
particular. The Prophet also used to recite publicly in the first two rak’ahs of the Fajr
(Dawn), the Maghrib (Sunset), the Isha (Night) Prayers, and recite quietly to himself in any
other rak’ahs. Moreover, he (PBUH) used to make the recitation of the first rak’ah longer
than that of the second one in every prayer.
Bowing Down (Ruku)
He (PBUH) then raises his hands in the same way he does while saying the opening takbir of
prayer, “Allahu Akbar” (i.e. “Allah is the Greatest”). He then bows putting his hands on his
knees firmly, parting between his fingers, and stretching his back, making his head aligned
with his back, neither raising nor lowering it, and says, “Subhana Rabbiyal Azim” (i.e. “Glory
be to my Lord, the Most Great”).
Raising from Bowing Down
Then, he (PBUH) raises his head saying, “Sami’ Allahu liman hamidah” i.e. “Allah listens to
the one who praises Him” raising both his hands in the same way he does upon bowing.
After that, he (PBUH) stands up straight saying, “Rabbana lakal Hamd” i.e. “Our Lord, to You
be (all) the praise.”
It is important to point out that the Prophet (PBUH) used to prolong standing following
bowing.
Prostration (Sujud or Sajdah)
He (PBUH) then says takbir “Allahu Akbar” (without raising his hands this time) then
prostrates. In prostration, he (PBUH) used to settle his forehead, nose, hands, knees, and
the bottom of his toes on the ground (or the place of prayer), making his fingers and toes
face the qiblah. He (PBUH) used to lean on the palms of his hands during prostration,
keeping his upper arms apart from his sides, his abdomen apart from his thighs, and his
thighs apart from his legs, saying, “Subhana Rabbiyal Ala” (i.e. “Glory be to my Lord the
Most High”); he (PBUH) used to make his prostration neither long nor short.
Raising from Prostration
Following the first prostration, he (PBUH) raises his head saying takbir “Allahu Akbar”,
placing his left foot on its side and sitting on it, keeping the right foot as it was since
prostration (i.e. resting on the bottom of its toes while the heel is up) Iftirash. He (PBUH)
also places his hands on his thighs and says:
In Arabic, “Allahummaghfir li, warhamni, wajburni, wahdini, warzuqni.”
Which means, “O Allah! Forgive me, have mercy on me, set me right, guide me, and sustain
me.”
Second Prostration
He (PBUH) then says takbir “Allahu Akbar” and prostrates, doing in the second prostration
the same as he did in the first.
Raising from Second Prostration
After that, he (PBUH) raises his head saying takbir “Allahu Akbar”, and sits down straight,
then stands upright leaning on his knees and thighs.
First Tashahhud (the testimony of faith)
At the end of the second rak’ah, the Prophet (PBUH) sits for the First Tashahhud, placing his
left foot on its side and sitting on it just as he does while sitting between the two
prostrations iftirash. Then he (PBUH) places his right hand on his right thigh and his left
hand on his left thigh. He (PBUH) also places the thumb of his right hand on his middle
finger making them like a ring, leaving the index finger extended forward as if pointing, and
keeps looking at it, reciting the First Tashahhud.
Third & Fourth Rak’ah
After this, he stands upright saying takbir “Allahu Akbar” while raising his hands up to the
shoulders, performing both the third and the fourth rak’ahs just like the first two, but
making them shorter.
Final Tashahhud (the testimony of faith)
He (PBUH) sits for the Final Tashahhud, placing his left foot on its side and sitting on it,
keeping the right foot as it was since prostration (i.e., resting on the bottom of its toes while
the heel is up), or putting his left calf under his right one, keeping his right foot vertical, and
sitting on the ground or the place of prayer instead.
Then, he (PBUH) recites the Final Tashahhud, which is the same as the First Tashahhud
followed by an addition.
In Arabic, “At-tahiyyatu lillahi, wa-s-salawatu wa-t-tayyibatu. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuha n-
nabiyyu wa-rahmatu llahi wa-barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alayna wa-‘ala ‘ibadi llahis-saliḥin.
Ashadu alla ilaha illa llahu wa-ashadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa-rasuluh.”
The Salawat upon the messenger
In Arabic, “Allaahumma salli ‘ala Muhammad wa ‘ala aali Muhammad kama salayta ‘ala
Ibraaheem wa ‘ala aali Ibraaheem, innaka hameedun majeed. Allaahumma baarik ‘ala
Muhammad wa ‘ala aali Muhammad kama baarakta ‘ala Ibraaheem wa ‘ala aali Ibraaheem,
innaka hameedun majeed.”
Which means, “O Allah! Confer Your blessings upon Muhammad and the family of
Muhammad as You conferred Your blessings upon Ibrahim (Abraham) and the family of
Ibrahim. Verily, You are Praiseworthy and Honorable. And bless Muhammad and the family
of Muhammad as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are
Praiseworthy and Honorable.”
After Final Tashahud
Following the Final Tashahhud, still in the sitting position, he (PBUH) seeks refuge with Allah
from the torture of the Fire, from the torture in the grave, from the trial of life and death,
and from the evil of the trial of Antichrist (Dajjal).
In Arabic, “Allaahumma inni ‘aoodhu bika min ‘adhaab Jahannam wa min ‘adhaab al-qabri
wa min fitnat il-mahyaa wa’l-mamaat wa min sharri fitnat il-maseekh id-dajjaal.”
Which means, “O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the torment of the Hell, from the
torment of the grave, from the trial of life and death and from the evil of the trial of Masih
al-Dajjal (Antichrist).”
Tasleem
Finally, he (PBUH) closes prayer with taslim, turning his head to the right saying, ” As-salamu
‘alaikum wa raḥmatullah” (i.e. “Peace and Mercy of Allah be upon you”), then turning to the
left saying the same. He (PBUH) used to start uttering taslim while facing the qiblah and
finish it when he completed turning his head to the right or the left.
Invocation after Finishing the Prayer:
When the Prophet finishes tasleem, he says,

In Arabic, “Astaghfirullah” three times, and once “Allahumma anta al-salam wa minka al-
salam tabarakta ya dhal-jalali wa’l-ikram.”
Which means, “O Allah! I seek Your forgiveness. O Allah! You are the Perfection and You are
the One Who grants perfection; Blessed are You, O Owner of Majesty and Honor.”
07 Disliked actions in Salah
Disliked action in the prayer
Disliked action don’t invalidate the prayer but theybdecrease the reward.
1- Entering the prayer while one is distracted; like holding back urine, (Bukhari)
2- Useless movements; Meaning doing that which is contrary to being tranquil and
concentrating in Salah.
3- Looking with ones face left or right without a need. (Bukhari)
4- Putting ones hands on ones hips. Abu dawud
5- Covering ones mouth and nose in prayer. (Muwatta malik)
6- Rolling up ones garment, sleeves or the likes.
7- Tying ones hair back, gathering it, or braiding it for men; as this would resemble a man
whose hands are tied up behind his back.
8- Spitting in the direction of the Qiblah or to ones right side.
9- Looking up at the sky.
10- Closing one’s eyes, except for a need.
11- Stretching ones arms flat on the ground when in prostration.
07 Nullifiers of Salah
Nullifiers of the prayer
1- Performing something which breaks one of the conditions of Salah; like turning the whole
body away from the Qiblah, intending to stop the prayer when one is in the middle of it, or
breaking your wudhu.
2- Intentionally intending to leave an integral or obligatory aspect of Salah (Rukn).
3- Moving a lot if the movements are not part of those of the Salah.
4- Laughing out loud. Ijma of the scholars
5- Intentionally speaking.
6- Intentionally eating or drinking.
7- Intentionally adding a Rak’ah. Ijma of the scholars
8- Intentionally making the final Salam before the imam. Ijma of the scholars
.
08 Sujud Sahw
Definition of Sujud Sahw [The prostration of forgetfulness]
Sujud Sahw is:
Two prostrations that the one praying makes in order to compensate for mistakes occurring
in the prayer due to forgetfulness (sahw)..
08 Sujud Sahw
When is Sujud Sahw done?
1. When an extra action is added to the prayer. If a worshipper added an extra Rak‘ah,
Rukoo‘ (bowing), or Sujood (prostration
2. When an action is omitted from the prayer. If a worshipper forgetfully fails to perform an
act of the prayer that is not a rukn (Pillar), like omitting the transitional Takbeer or the
Tasbeeh in Rukoo‘ or Sujood, for example, it is prescribed for him to perform Sujood As-
Sahw to amend the shortage in the prayer.
3. When he doubts about performing a particular action in the prayer. If a worshipper

doubts whether he performed three or four Rak‘ahs, for instance, he should assume that he
performed three (the lesser number), and act accordingly [i.e. perform the missing Rak’ah],
and then perform Sujood As-Sahw at the end of the prayer.
08 Sujud Sahw
Sujud sahw when you add something.
Ibn Mas'ood said: "The Prophet led us in prayer, and he performed

five Rak'ahs. When he turned around after ending the prayer, the
people whispered to one another. He said: "What is the
matter?" They said: 'O Prophet of Allah! Has the prayer been
increased (i.e. by Allah)?' He replied: "No". They said: 'You performed
five Rak'ahs'. So, he bent his legs and performed two prostrations for
forgetfulness, and then, said Salaam. After that, he said: "I am just a
human being like you (i.e. I forget)” [Muslim]
08 Sujud Sahw
Sujud sawh when you omit something?
Narrated Àbdullah bin Buhaina:
Allah's Messenger )‫ ) ﷺ‬got up after the second rakà of the Zuhr

prayer without sitting in between (the second and the third rakàt).
When he finished the prayer he performed two prostrations (of
Sahw) and then finished the prayer with Tasleem.
08 Sujud Sahw
Sujud Sahw when in doubt?
The prophet said "When anyone of you becomes uncertain during

prayer (i.e. of how much he has prayed), he should try to remember
the exact number and then complete what he missed of his prayer
and finally perform two prostrations for forgetfulness." [Al-Bukhari]
Another narration reads: “One has to complete his prayer, say Salaam
and then perform the prostration for forgetfulness.”
08 Sujud Sahw
Is Sujud Sahw before or after Salam
It is permissible for the Sujud Sahw to be performed before or after

saying Salaam, since the two ways were authentically recorded in
sound narrations..”
09 Witr prayer
Is• Sujud
Witr prayer
Sahw before is the Salam
or after closing units of prayer after the Qiyam (Night
prayer).
• It can be prayed after your night prayer or by itself.
• It should be prayed in odd numbers the least amount being 1
Rakah.
The prophet said “Whoever loves to make Witr with three

rak’ahs, let him do so.” Reported by Abu Dawūd and An-Nasā’ī.
09 Witr prayer
A’ishah stated:
“The Prophet ( )‫ﷺ‬would pray thirteen rak’ahs in the Night

Prayer. And from that he would pray five as an odd number
(Witr), not sitting down [for Tashahhud] in any of that except
after the final rak’ah.” Agreed upon
09 Witr prayer
Witr prayer is one of the greatest acts of worship that draw one
Iscloser to Allah.
Sujud Sahw before orItafter
is considered
Salam the most important prayer after the
five daily prayers.
Some of the scholars – the Hanafis – have concluded that it is one of

the obligatory prayers, but the majority of the scholars say that it is
one of the highly encouraged Sunnahs (Sunnah mu’akkadah) which
the Muslim should observe regularly and not neglect.
Ahmad said: Whoever omits to pray Witr deliberately is a bad man,

whose testimony should not be accepted.
09 Witr prayer
Only the Five daily prayer are wajib?

The Prophet (pbuh) answered the one who asked him how many
prayers Allah made obligatory on him saying: “Allah has
prescribed five prayer in the day and the night.” The
questioner said, “Am I obliged to do more?” He said: “No, unless
you perform extra prayers.” The man went away saying: “By
Allah, I will not increase or decrease beyond these obligatory
prayers.” Then, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)
said, “He would succeed if he did what he said.” (Muslim)
• Examples of the Sunnah prayers (Recommended)
• 1.Witr
• 2. Rawatib (Regular sunnah after the daily prayers)
• 3. Sunnah of Wudu
• 4. Sunnah of Istikharah
• 5. Sunnah of entering Masjid
• 6. Sunnah of Nikah
• Congregational
• 1. Taraweeh prayer
• 2. Prayer for rain
• 3. Eclipse prayer
• 4.Two Eids
10 Sunnah prayers
The Rawatib (regular sunnah prayers.)
The Messenger of Allah ( )‫ﷺ‬said: "Whoever prays twelve rak'ahs a

day and night, Allah (SWT) will build for him a house in Paradise.“
"Allah will build a house in Heaven for whoever is diligent in

observing 12 Sunnah Rak'at (as follows):
4 Rak'aat before and 2 after the Dhuhr,
2 after the Maghrib (Sunset Prayer),
2 after the Ishaa (Evening) Prayer and
2 before the Fajr (Dawn) Prayer." Hadith sahih narrated by at-
Tirmidhi No. 379 and by others. Hadith No. 6183 in Sahih al-
Jaami.
11 Times you shouldn’t pray
The forbidden times of prayers are as follows:

- From Fajr to sunrise.
- Noontime.
- From Asr until sunset
The evidence about this is the Hadith reported
by Bukhari and Muslim: “There is no prayer after Fajr prayer until
sunrise, and there is no prayer after Asr prayer until sunset.”
Imam Muslim reported the Hadith narrated by Uqba Bin Amir who
said: “The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam) forbade us to pray
or to bury our dead during 3 particular times: when the sun rises
until it goes high in the horizon, when the sun is at its meridian
until its goes past the meridian and the shadow of objects starts to
appear, and when the sun sets until it is totally down.”
12 The Congregational Prayer
The virtue of the congregational prayer
The Messenger of Allah (‫‘ )ﷺ‬Prayer in a congregation is 27 grades

better than praying alone.’ Bukhari
Ruling of the congregational prayer:
The scholars have differed over the Hukm (Ruling) of the

congregational prayer.
Opinion 1: It is an individual obligation on the men
Opinion 2: It is a communal obligation
12 The Congregational Prayer
What Constitutes a Congregational Prayer
A congregational prayer is made up of [as a minimum] an

Imam and a follower, even if it be a woman.
Where should the congregational prayer be held?
It is the recommended practice to perform the congregational

prayer in the mosque. However, it is permissible to pray it
elsewhere if need requires that. The women may also pray in
congregation separately from the men, as Aisha and Umm Salamah
(as al-Daraqutni recorded) used to do. The Prophet (peace be upon
him) ordered Umm Waraqah to lead her household in prayer.
(Recorded by Abu Dawood.)
13 Imam & Mamoom
IsPrinciples related
Sujud Sahw before toSalam
or after the imam
1. The Imam should know the recitation of the Quran

2. The Imam must be male if there are males present
3. The imam must be followed in every aspect of the prayer
4. The Imam must be standing infront of the mamoom
5. The Imam must keep the prayer short for the sake of the
people
6. The imam must know the rulings of the prayer
13 Imam & Mamoom
Principles related to the imam

7. The imam should ensure the rows behind him are straight
The Mamoom (The ones being led)
1. The Mamoom must pray behind the Imam

2. The Mamoom must follow the Imam in his movement and
not precede him.
3. If The Imam makes an error the men will correct him by
saying Subahanallah and the women will clap.
13 Imam & Mamoom
Principles related to the imam

7. The imam should ensure the rows behind him are straight
The Mamoom (The ones being led)
1. The Mamoom must pray behind the Imam

2. The Mamoom must follow the Imam in his movement and
not precede him.
3. If The Imam makes an error the men will correct him by
saying Subahanallah and the women will clap.
14 The Jumma Prayer
Salat al-Jumu’ah is not obligatory on a female,

the young ones, a traveller, and the sick who
might encounter difficulty in attending Salat al-
Jumu’ah. However, it is acceptable from them
if they do observe it (Salat al-Jumu’ah).
14 The Jumma Prayer
The Conditions for the Validity of Jumu’ah
1- Its time: Thus, it is not valid before its time, nor after its prescribed time
has finished. Its time is like that of Dhuhr.
2- The presence of a group: Thus it may not be made alone. The least which is
considered a group are three people.
3- That the ones praying be residents: As to the bedoiuns who live in tents,
and nomads, it is valid for them to perform Jumu’ah; yet it is not obligatory
on them.
4- That it be preceded by two sermons; since the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬always did that.
14 The Jumma Prayer
The Description of Salat ul-Jumu’ah
The Jumu’ah prayer consists of two Rak’ah in which the recitation is aloud. It is
Sunnah to recite Surah Al-Jumu’ah in the first Rak’ah, after the Fatihah; and in the
second Surah Al-Munafiqun, or to recite Al-‘Ala in the first and Al-Ghashiyah in the
second.
On the authority of An-Nu’man Ibn Basheer that: “The Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬used to recite Al-
‘Alaa and Al-Ghaashiyah in the two ‘Eid prayers and the Jumu’ah prayer. He then
said that if ‘Eid and Jumu’ah fell on the same day, he would also read them in both
(prayers).” [ Source: Muslim.]
14 The Jumma Prayer
Forbidden Acts during Salat al-Jumu’ah
1-Talking is forbidden when the imam is delivering the sermon on the day of
Jumu’ah. This is evidenced by the Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬statement: “When you say to
your partner on the day of Jumu’ah “quiet” while the imam is delivering a
sermon, you have indeed uttered a useless statement” [ Source: Al-
Bukhari.]
2-It is discouraged to walk between seated people, except if the person is
the imam or he walks to fill an empty space which he cannot get to except by
walking between them.
14 The Jumma Prayer
Recommendations on the Day of Jumu’ah
1- Recitation of Surat al- Kahf on the day of Jumu’ah : This is due to the statement of the
Prophet ‫ﷺ‬: “Whoever recites Suratul-Kahf on the day of Jumu’ah will be brightened with light
between the two Jumu’ahs.” [ Source: Al-Hakim.]
2- Sending as many blessings as possible on the Prophet ‫ﷺ‬: On the authority of Abu Mas’ud al-
Ansari ,, the Prophet ‫ ﷺ‬said: “Send several blessings on me on the day of Jumu’ah, because
anyone who seeks blessings on me on the day of Jumu’ah will have his blessings presented to
me.” [ Source: Al-Hakim.]
3- Taking a ritual bath and using perfume. This is due to the Prophet’s statement ‫ﷺ‬: “A man
who performs the spiritual bath on the day of Jumu’ah, cleanses himself as best as he can,
rubs oil on himself or perfumes his body, and then goes out (to the mosque) and does not
separate two (men sitting together in the mosque), and finally observes what is written for
him (supererogatory Salat) and keeps mute while the imam speaks (preaches), will have his
sins between that Jumu’ah and the next forgiven.” [ Source: Al- Bukhari.]
15 Janazah prayer
Preparing the deceased (Talqeen)
It is recommended to be present with someone exhibiting signs of death, to

remind him of the statement: “La ilaha illa-l-lah.” This is in accordance with the
Prophet’s ‫ ﷺ‬statement: “Instruct your deceased ones (terminally ill) to say “La
ilaha illa-l-lah.” [ Source: Muslim.]
15 Janazah prayer
The right of the deceased.
Bathing, shrouding, carrying, praying over and burying

the deceased is fardh kifayah (a collective obligation);
when enough people do this obligation, the remaining

people are relieved of the sin of not performing it.
15 Janazah prayer
Description of the funeral Salat
In case the deceased is a man, the Imam stands at his head, but in case the
deceased is a woman, he stands at the middle portion. The followers stand
behind the Imam as in all prayers, then the Imam says four Takbeers as
follows:
1- He says the first takbeer, and that is the initiating takbeer, followed by
“Al-Isti‘adha” and “Bismillahir-Rahamanir Raheem”, but he does not say “al-
Istiftah” (the invocation said when starting Salat), then he recites al-Fatihah.
2- He says the second takbeer and then sends blessings on the Prophet in
the manner described in the last at-Tashahud.
15 Janazah prayer
Description of the funeral Salat
3- He says the third takbeer, and then he prays for the deceased, himself
and other Muslims.
4- -He says the fourth takbeer and keeps mute for a while, thereafter, he
says at-Tasleem only to hisright, or he says the usual two tasleems.

Fiqh of Prayer

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Fiqh of The Prayer (Salah)

It was reported by Mua’wiyah that the Prophet (Allah

02 Athan & Iqamah 08 Sujuud Sahw 14 Jummah prayer

03 The Conditions of Salah 09 The Witr prayer 15 Janazah prayer

04 The Obligations 10 Sunnah prayers

05 The Sunan of the Salah 11 Times you shouldn’t pray

06 The prayer of the Prophet 12 Congregational prayer

• {And establish prayer...} [Quran: 2: 43]

• The first question on the day of judgement

• The prayer is fard ‘ayn (a personal obligation) upon every sane,

Virtue of the Athan/Muadhin

Virtue of the Muadhin

Important rules and principles regarding the Athan

• The Athan & Iqamah are sunnah (Recommended)

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

The prayer is not valid if performed by an unbeliever.

[And asking them], "What put you into Saqar (Hell)?"

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

3. Tamyeez - (Age of understanding)

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

1. You must only pray for Allah (Sincerity)

3. Niyyah does not need to be vocalised at all. It happens in the heart.

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

5. State of Purity (Taharah)/6. Removal of filth

2. The clothes, body and place of worship must all be pure.

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

5. State of Purity (Taharah)/6. Removal of filth

2. The clothes, body and place of worship must all be pure.

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

7. Covering the Awrah

You must cover you awrah when you are praying

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

8. Facing the Qiblah

Facing the Qiblah is a condition of the Salah

Prerequisites for The prayer (Conditions)

Allah say in the Quran

The Obligations of the prayer (Arkan)

(1) Standing during obligatory prayers if one is able to do so

The Obligations of the prayer (Arkan)

(10)Being at ease in each of these physical pillars

1. Standing (Qiyam) if able.

2. The opening Takbeer. (Allahu Akbar)

3. Reading the Fatiha.

5.Rising from rukoo & 6. Standing up straight’.

8. Rising from Sujood’. & 9.Sitting between the two Sujoods

The prophet (pbuh) said I have been commanded to prostrate on seven

1. Between two sujoods

10. Being at ease (Tranquility) Tuma’neenah

11. Final Tashahhud & 12. being seated suring the

The Prophet (pbuh) said

َّ ‫التَّ ِح َّي ُات الْ ُم َب َار ََك ُت‬

Sit like this during

13. The final Salaam

Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:

14. Do the Arkan (Pillars in order)

The Sunnan of the Salah 10 Sending Salawat upon the

The Intention (an-Niyyah)

Facing Qiblah, Saying Takbir#

Placing the Hands

Reciting Surah Al-Fatihah

Reciting a Supporting Surah