Allfanes. [enttane 3] \ = Prepiaredtion “method) ’ D Wwe readin D R-x 4 2Na4x-p —Sydinet 5 R-R Alte albone habia Mechanizmn ) * key pins > ety Gant pe prepared > God metned fyr- even alkane Prepealuer > bt good «tor add alkane prepare - ey ie ed ae ee IE ae mic hue 4 produ > py ether be wed as edient’ (5 Th case fF alky! halides alkene” tne mafor — produuk 4 Scanned with CamScannerExamples chs a + ana 4 Clg-d Na ° ry eter > Hy CHa eng —tn, -d a “4 1 cha ! CH, ~a Aa ae u Na > ~iNa_ As buy ether “aie > er + = cht ae ony, Na tts dry ene =a chy = Uy eh, - 3 Cag ~ ch ag > 4 — 4 hi [ sfoes ae any a) Minor ater A & O S Otte tng I) ! + oayme cas mim 1 hy au Mafor 01) Nay eng = CHa Ug = elt wert | + ‘ Cty, Ct Fue 4) 3 Produ Scanned with CamScannerdy cher pou + ava +u(oy tbttes — R_Loy Aa aide halide 41 Franken = eadhin - Tn tnis methed we fan PTeeite botn even and etd alkane i wx i. pox > RU Gyetas? [Rai] ut 4 aliae oa GMrrann's Ri wor sw Fatky! Reagent anoup R-R! Scanned with CamScannerfou ] mg 7 RR! \ Wea | samples i \ et ed | ak Cty ets | ety qt ‘ aga a 4 City, 9 erg —U- A | + CHs ~ aH, 7 , Dw | uk > »* yeu 2 -metel : beriare both 2 Kobe's Eledrolyte — 4ynthes® -O i gig! + 2NaoH 2ellgnd +. 2tho dleckolyss gigi 4 aw. + Ha tone Zodwin (or) utr’. Meee ) Anode rag Sup a) iboats ont aecyna 38 a am Rap at Acoy + QNDOH A Ma Velcade 20 Scanned with CamScannerR-looNa —> Rwo + Na? Hee hy ow Anode _Ren: ee tie 4 R-b-F 5 nal-5 te ee ah. . Regd > Rw ReR 5 Rer * Keg folnks Cty lank be . iene x4 alky) group 5 alkyl! ester major product- In tnB method we can also; pepe tere* alpynes also. Sood method for eten allkane~ 1 TE we Tey for edd alkanes we gt mE 3 produds Gn & Ine ner | catbons > fy Me aed 6 then ro Lan bons fn the kane an-2 10H . Ct, cooH ate > tty = CMy lechto Wyse * ott te Pow oH 7 + n~”* tA Scanned with CamScannercoou 2 aN Nan too cludnoyscs 1 I g | wot woot : VW —i> we =n twolt tool ‘too ou Mali aud wom cou . . Fumaruk aud cr oot : i + _- hy ttt, HOOK X ext tw w cH ehty — tty — CH + chy —cn3 . | . | chy thn atta Cts Scanned with CamScanner» T Devarttonytation = ee 0 j R-C-on Nav og R-H Cabonyts vad ‘aud! Mecn g 6 ee OQlg * key pofnts + > Reagent used |is coda ime [Navn + #0] gorma. Hence - tankanwn “an @rbanlon intermedia ENG whith @n Sabliize the Yee the sale 4 the ren, uarkon th aude , then 7? pw & Me no 4 q tatton fn alkane = A-I cy Oa ? , SSS sss i Scanned with CamScannerOo J From grignard Reagent D Qpuignatd reagent M r-x —t_> ry ether quugnud Hyorwgen — gorims dane: » a R-oH + RMX Alweho! . anne + RMGX Amine = RMX fabey! magnesuim Hatlde) RMgX reagent with tompeurds hauity. atlive . > RA + MGXOR aleaine > RH + Mg XCRNH) Scanned with CamScannerBy Rocecn + Pon > eh OR? Terminal alkynes + ae + RMGX ——» RH + ng x (or) walin * + RMgx > RD + Mgx for) beilirto abeane . atts GN tele + ets on dee any Mgt = > cn + cha-da + Og alot _____—> chy — 3 © ay —c2gy Giis\ugt = > cone 4 ened + Gist) Mg ————> tHe tla patito « oy st fet) gd “gD methane : a +/Syae aN OS es Propane e + ee ee iD ca 1 ° pee Fea mht ton chy Baabetne- 4] Reduilien «=e Alkyl Halle - Rox —fetuuhg > RH + HX Reagent tng reagent + -2R- Us (ethane! so] Hk kid —P | HE Scanned with CamScannerr fa to ent at Ethane eta cies dy tee Tin ety — ella Recuusliion & CH3 a9 °/s —ans Wy gy, ts J Bech Reduclor RCH =cr, | —NAJNHs R -an ~ Hs aigoH : hn) ys eex +HY | a oie ’ | oP cerowrte or) Heal Meckaniem. \ Chath tnpHalion + ho . * K— xX —pewride” x + uy Scanned with CamScanner: 08 . ) tote x AO te _ prea} 3 Ginyl Fee rea > RX +X oe Key toiets) > the nat det , attep Cn the above — mechn us RH +x > R + HK. Op ee Ryd RN & e2eOthewie [Bucption + Th case 4 ety da Ren por Me amve endo thermic] Fp ver ro) Rin Ko endetnermfe > Reactiiityy order’ Halogere ey > oe > tse The nae gf Te arn fan be sed by lee UND, - HI RH + Tp > RT HE MS auneey muy HNO, ' HED: | eye = Scanned with CamScannerro Reldtite NO yeni oe lhUhU Hydragen Readlivily x yidd = Rildlive yfeld ce Telal yf a o Mey any certy ttn eg Oe Felts ttt = 8 Rape cnittaion 8 i Gutr — (esay) = Relative yield = owt = b ce pdabie yield 2 \aeae > tb oral ylelA = bth IE % afield eb radiata, P27 Heel : - ab ase x yield 40 db x10 ay , =e = Wa crt, — 18 ala —> Ornate tty + ee nlortrat (on & a : xr we) Scanned with CamScannerEF Rabie yfeld oul zr Rolalue — Yield 2ve2 = ee Toit yleld = br tbe = 17° G an 85% x + 6 roo yleld et ro u - WwTr% Y jel 4 . phy , % yidd 4 14 xiao @ a te Cty en my tty WD lng ornate | * ay cntortnation ong yb on & Relatiie grelel bx a Foeixg95 Oy ad + aug = Tb = i Bereta te iia Bam es into” 5 ' . ae] a Tord Y 2 2leb qraa | = Er Sete? yyelt is (or>ree orden i & A) ogg on -tty Brel gg ensmeny hy moro oe chorimion. “ Gt pula i peraeld aye ny tH T + oxireb m TE» peltop= tbo0 tac — OH tH, Eos 2r62 = by . a, © : We gel, - 6 or 1 on —H.— 113 ony ee er om> rere 2 ead Ban ee Scanned with CamScannerOthe Reacliens we AvomalCsalian wo | ches Moss 3 Mo, 03 THK |to-aoatm 2 Toorencsalion NO ee ax A Gately’ yet dalion on chy On oa tee» ners r v4 =o a Gate + 02 — Mntttiaxgo). crsrooHt +e Hi/KtnDo, (us) fon etsy 8 i a’ epudyets: tealing in abserce. 4 A. Goths, te My x A ery + My + HL Higher —fyrdysts_, Lowen nyartocatkon Hydrotartten. Scanned with CamScanner15] Nftraker! hy any — Rani > Cty - Ne Pike “acid, + hy — Gta ~ NOx . eH 3— Mt — Ne Now : aye a tt Now Fryshal Fropeilies 4 Alkanes 4d . Bolling point, > Bp ot Mol. wh > RP we [oniys tor lsnerets] Branchirg = | sped *, Ae AN < IG 2] Meliing —pofok: we Sg | beanibie ] MP oy Shon li Norm eh tyliedlan "her Mp Pnereasey > Mp > tylinduial > more mp Scanned with CamScanner5 Density . Hence Alkanes ane less dene than wala alkane tan float on wwalin « Scanned with CamScannerti Rearrange tankdilin when Ye- arrangement may fake place (4a Carbo cabar tory ) the fnterme dale ty ger Blabber The tanho vailiom reonangement ore | below. * Ss s ‘i t Cu; ~ cH - at 1 sare Corton ons wey Senger = crt ens 2” tnibo telluon we) So ee OS» — 4 hyper ton] st uaa wig. ty mas Hye - ete > ony V conttaber ons ' a He staph city a ~ cies Ut, NeshateS ' cn a > an-ch - ths 2° ¢aieo cucr ents cH, 6 8 aa 2 2 carectayon [o) Nos tape to. hypencorqnqahd +t + ere — en, ~ tle i ch, af eribocaten ens erty ~4 = en~ ey t . = 2 cor pocaleer cH, 2"tor | crt Inde tty oC - H— . ery chy 2 canhoulon Scanned with CamScanner1 Rig eapansion ; \ Q | Q © ya shit Scanned with CamScanner4 Dehtaagertotfon ; Reagan . 2, wr). Nar / Atetone duns dod fee ee —4 ae Sh ty Stn te : HH, -cH -at, Zn ___, eH, = cents : ~2nd; 7 * Michal dthalides ory gern dfhalides ith above suagenb tan getm alkene a - ZN _y eng-tne cn- CMs (Hy = cH + theo 5 et = N 7 3 Tznde a 2 Hyareqenaron rhe Alkynes Reagens ‘ Y Ptyeascy Jeultoune > Uirdlars cobalyst wee un Ug wna > Crrand] on ecu —Hndlacs ee indian’, 5 wy Re-exe-R —| “atalyst : tees 4 UR iq wih eet rR 4 > puting — elimination Hydbtagen ren fpom —tarthon — navihg bess 0 eh huevagen Scanned with CamScanner> More @ubs Htubdd. alkene fre - dominant preduut - 4 ’ oH Cig HO Oy wom. Masou san, men CMe - Oe ~io 4 + | ens - cH=cn- CHa (rvajon) a ey ln at, cH, ale KOH, ery = ae CHa Ne ~ Ha + any —c zene ery (omer) 3] Deyadaticn Clrom alcohols) lon. H250q (ory H3POy pu : R-cH — en, aoe > RACH = CHD in, foe pe ee ee eee ee poss thle x more than one alkene ’ 2, ; th bell § product & mae! produc. en ony! Scanned with CamScanneron i Sea Dec + Crt cH -ar, 5» Ha 1G oH * City — a4, — cn - CH, ton Hpso. ety —tts tp, ~¢ a O84 ey CHa ow (major) et cry Sete Cry . < City Ot, — CH = Og on 2 1 © ctig- Ca. CHa Cle Nah gy, erty - Cle, — He og = CH = Ut cy + 7 Cet sO — CH = Ha He re ey a tig & — CH = ot, om ong 6 — tH - ey 1 Hy cy ve ots ra shife Mant ee 4, 3 ons ay-F -a1-% + dy i cha & = o- os Ou lenajor) on DK mi A ales yy L ON Grapr) Scanned with CamScanner- ec bat + ‘ YO > AYN sagt? ae AA + YS Crnajor) : Cy or 9 Fs Rey major peg eee rh. Yo w+ O J crap ow + on, 1 in — Cte Me + Geigy tren ey > Cee ve \ tee snier etn — era Me Poe. Ow Or As AK ef Gry Scanned with CamScanner“Al De hydtopalojerviluory Crem alkyl baled | ale Ro al Navi cusol 1 60H Go Neoh e NAOH ww) ‘ e Gis ONO! eons ox." aernalion 4 &, mechanism Tn this | ben tnere & 1 00 tanbpalign wz Ue follows fo wheh mon & no Grbocalen intermediade Th 2 Preduls ane possible = NEN ‘ sayled]o's product & major product - “ he eat, ale Koy erty = et ONO OSES AN EY a (major) : a ~« a > | (opr) Od Scanned with CamScanner(Note: 1 i % Holtman's Rule « \ nul “4 Dwuing ellinorahen by. Hottrnan BO OMaMeved trom the tathon’ having Mer a. Hpregen 5 Bem Quatzines ammontum abt 7 : e Bualetary ammonium ' ealk 4 ve base ena tat forms — olf man’s preede as major Product pee see peybey + e 5 cha~ Gta ~ ex fie HLA soy, cp, —ert= > Ne Ee, et n- Es), ae Ai otis cn, -on + Ce ee ee te 1 od: bot cH “oy ~ fn eta Ma on fA CH= . ee its Menor Ors 1 ons wen), > Estes om —aptolysis fet alkene: [the alkyl gre ms have B- hydrogen ] Co - sae} Scanned with CamScanner> Xn The reackén ro ltrran produ Predominant Ths methantem — Involves formation “| 6 membeud Uplt hanseefssiin Sale (6 mers) 4g : ; ¢ = + R-C LOH R-aiy-a1,-0- 6 ~ Ro RCH Oe abhene cortege teen i ; " ra R—cy ) . {¢ SS lg ee ° eH € ° Scanned with CamScannerY fo 1s ‘Froperttes 4 Alkene’, Yo Al BlecbiopHite — aaatyon een + oe eledicep it _ Generally alkenes urd addition yey, - re D classtat lartiotalien _mechanlem. Z yb? nor SNeaeO AON Fes Air E EB Ne [eerbotatien Solenmed ati ; here wortaraemen B oUlower] 7 - - fem> Tl] Non clasefat tanboedluan — mechanism Ao ybigodsd py uo Ne Dea a HER ORR S al ‘go an ME 4 tyuiiirternediste — | appt Ti figs | Rt an as bere pai’ we Vee’ € Pe ae E Te Addin ob HX. fuga to) otter tavieg enove Py duoyen > x 4 OS pid = tts i x * > R-ch-cHy —X—s R-cH —CHy coboxation FT (Reanorqernee w allowet) Scanned with CamScanneri Reaclivily 4 oe ctainPily 4 toiko clin atk ene towards ry Peay de iJ cy =e “~ x az i Haat, nett. Oech S lp ont Nop eS pla a RocacH . eae R-at-cH; = lame P. Ge J Martkovantkev’s ‘Rul, [Electrophid add] vuiten Rx «added a ‘WG etd © ge pee e unsymmetrical alRene atom — nawing ore con Negative part of reagent | x~ ‘adds to @tbon nawing less M0 of nydaspen Scanned with CamScannerbe Hs Clip Cr= cts, Hy eng bn Oty > 18 i fhechin “ i 7 On: H + uJ aye tg H" % eyy-cH-Ola tnnefor) | a 2 “ j i N3— OH sat, caneecatis: a ‘a HH a “ v, cH, He > eny-en-te > tte > anbocation. ex HY er er Her cr, = CH cHa-tty _ (worretvn (pnritononie) a da wth DA OK (Mortonteet) —— (pytimortertto OG -. se oe (Hertorttov) [bovinerseritav ) ~ Alo valet as Kharash ce Peroni effec 4 | A] Arifmarkonteov: Rue [hee radttal aad” mech] | i ot” t xn fre 4 fetpalile Uke Rao 4 | Her gtves ani metknontieey’s roduc . “Hydrogen * addea te carben having ess iH nog. hydrogen | + ce applitable fer ortly Her tor in he | hot appliiable — fer He, Ha, Ae | mechn* step I + step both de eXotheamy ec | mel. For HB) I Scanned with CamScannerHBr» ety— Ott. (ity = 1 ey Se, an =a : ea Proxide ie no) b Mager Mey cep 1 + R-0-0-R bs ord a] RO + Her ——> RoH + BF dep ong —Gt - Gta _] Cry = eH r : at tree rach col (90). > ayo ay l * br T tree radteal (oot erable) ub . Step gh : ane ty on — ar, HBL > | eta ote“ + er We step =! ep Hh. He endo . Ce ado = Har eb - ass 2x0 éndo. 3 wie he produ for the RO OD Ahobel Key > auboaiin intermediate & formed lala puanrangement ws allowed - > Curae ren Markonikov's add’ oo Oxy Meruunalién and fe mertumation, . - PM T tig Certs wo, THE / He ee ae i] nasty / ov” =—w on ergo, THE 20 5 Reon = a 3 oe ——? Co ) Nasty ort Alurho! Alpers t lechn Ha btiseeo) recount, tb ety-e o> erewralien N27 Scanned with CamScannerR- CH= ch. 5: fl 1 ee ties Rtn. Oty | ig OmG i at | ° Ug -0- 9 on a ' - 2 NABH ee R-cH-gy = Se Ro cw On + Remeraurrattien tig -0-§— ng o = R-cH -Ne Alene NaBrty ort ether ase® De.ne / THE i] Heo; / onT oH : ‘ Ya ert = ety doko! ean aty ahh Scanned with CamScannerteam ae Ratmts SMI, pages A 10 f mn “oraren nl ars [7 aornemberrd crs LUE ston Ste on | Rath Oh, Lge, ple imi oe r-on-oi] < FER [aacny pari] nite maby! repay borane Key poits No reorrangement a é ~ an add mp Hae : n overall Rens Antirraakenfkov’s add 4, Haw. SON ae EN > A > |_om=pM oH 2 i wh. ALG = OF Of CY? leans oH | HBO. yy’ 4 Scanned with CamScanner? Cis00), IHF / dso. op [eae yor abby Jone | ‘ “p HaCttatoo), (mefens0t os Naru (oH are Scanned with CamScannerNote () 4” = 4 : ” Gs alkene — —Syn--0dd” tte wompound ts alkene. Anta odd® Ag A ssoMens Trecema ex] sign adds dant A omen Trans alkene [races mit] ‘Tans alkene —Anitadd’ ese tempour Meso tormpound _tynz elimination. a - alkene ao # “parte clinton. ce alkene isomer . dor 2 . noe syn ei natn >» Trans alleene Meco wmpourd Ant? elimimifon. Trans alkene NoTE * Req setutleve Re The) mn fn whi er Borers are domed as pads to Uae one 5 major and one 4 minor : 3 Stew 4eledve Rx in whith > vahfen one the oO etewo omen formed ae pred fh maior and pre. va minor Scanned with CamScanner3) eo Secipie Ren : PA ut: pow The wn tn when 2 apterus Bot? a whith — ack as peactant one Preduct enc one wont que on The 2 a@btewo wore ruadant wih give difenant produits - ”) w Ha logenation [aad? 4%) R-cstt, —a__, Rtn ae x key poft stom ani’-add No rearrangement o Colbeed 4 Mechn : x x i Ce - . ad Rat R-cn een, —> PR cia = Oe anit, \ t ada ugeud Halontum ter 7] z Geo re orrangement *} fi ° bes afin, by ah tee ON CH; = Cth ws fra, Sea Br By oH 1 ate cf a - or ar Bits cn — om = $e City, = tte ry er a 7 W yds dy ly Oe Bromium Br ton on 7 Mma fy 0 6 Scanned with CamScanner» i a vd eS a é. pase A br a ods > s Ee a tan “= Or a ce ens eng Ant, . Pat, anit yt add” 4 4 —J—- br en, ents ded mixture : a 7s a> fe a u—e er ety Meio compound Pt ce Pf er ee Hoo+ Scanned with CamScannerAddition 4. Hod Reageris : Hock a] “ [hypo chtoreus aiid] Tho , on R- cH = cn, | —Hod__, pode [Gneronadeta] a tute Hod ss pe ye uf ate nie How Markounikoy's additfon Nb teatrangement 4: canbovalion Ant addition ye pis Hol 4 HT ———> “ing — # i wor a Gevaert) HW ‘ : ou a Sen, We Ht — er Recnecn, Ys Rear MO Rat ge Ae/ a vr | it y gH po dn b oH Bp (whey br od wt» Ym, nol. (fen aa a Zoe Scanned with CamScannerA Ada? 4 145% Felowed vy tee \ Reagen5 * 7 woninxy i] m0 /a we ¢ 0803 oO , ‘ 7 ah euly + Hse S R-aiz ap —ton OH Roc ea -Y 2 Eee [asc] Tany cont) hydrogen Tontnns bay's fi Finns ey a MT Ae TG) + 7 Y tro Stay a + HCHO © ate lan on ey A> S91 dro Bis zn/tho a é » BD ao Scanned with CamScannergt Croridyse of o-xylene > dimethyl benzer gies glyoral , Methy) qlysoval, Pfmethyl glyorak ot ae me Hy - € =0 4 oe. I mnie I bro Methy! gqlypwak i? yor ae ~OZenolysius, erty —C =0 ate o-aylene ee fe ; On - =e : Dinethy! wyprs qyoral » + Properal A tte (Py went omy ery e pane cial + A ts Hethanal + “pepanene + Peren City 29 (Reo Fina A u ons 7 o + one A omy, ey 20 Ft = Ota OH c Methorst Propane dial oe on A 7) ae NH ~~ Hee 4 tL Nees Scanned with CamScanner“~, 4 one ety toes 0 | ron” Nan 4 8 , Keto — r Dre os Os toa Lr teas thee ‘Fu —— : | Hydtezylatort) ase O Bayer's reagent je uchoul tad dilulz © alkeiling. , KMHDe ee ‘ther pute, lolowt a Alkene wan decolowilze g s ky fayer's reagent ord qhes ya dol = dyn add” (Hy dronylalion) , tO Qs0y. va diol by Alkene with O04 gies ayn hugdpoxytalion \ Case Penory old [130° ~ x Aleene ust, Renney acta [4g0" gives a dct yA ay cert oS Scanned with CamScanner¥ Zramples of. Poory atids. * en, -c-0-08N > Pewomy i] Fee -&-0-08 > 5 f-0-0-" @ CL, : (Catrmyprttn >) Bauer's reagent Os0y Aun -nydroxylation Sun -nydronalntlon Ant — huyl roxy tion on a= Sayers > o orks anf (oro 0%} a Ferosy auld a0". add auhic aul. wa mc PBA Free wore e774 erect artd| on vot + Zz on mon ott egret oe coe ie o on if dake pe ottin nen Rae MIY \_/ fon ution Meso Scanned with CamScannerfe Reo = ete Scanned with CamScannera Pita. A. tee. i \ be : toot ( leon : to. tthe C (Reduction Reaction tw alkane E Gtalytic Reduction of ethene BD denderen's Red” ren) , (earalier ae room vemp/ Wa -é fi 7. ra ae vile lig ae rt en) . oom terme J PANEL wi Prepared by. aicsolvin t= At dleye tm Nro# Involves hefetogenous adsorption — meehn fun add” Me iH) Doving hydrogenation OP mol. laluad alkene the neat evolved Heat Hydrogenation. [roti] #7] The alkane whfen Bless Skable % mow veaclie ee Reactivity gp alkene rowands nydaggenalion HOH HOH & Fanti. Scanned with CamScannera oie Aw i = r ft Reacluliq —oreter For hyena erdlion TE > To >E paartapthate TE se Hab ty oder : F< EX a Q coun 2. q x Shavit: x r of for hydrtaqeratien © ‘ Het + 2 p> © Ore hy deg enatien q Hi/ni 5 eH — Oly Cas ete Ww He /Raney » INS = te Scanned with CamScannerwa XO os a Fh K Gig Meee oe Mes Colts eae “Inrou) ’ A c. ‘ ex ce EK peduilion by Hyde bration followed by Gatbory WA aid = ° Lita! vin = b-0 OMe treatment with roe 4 AES Bate (THE getty rts HO M3 COOH Ns tydroteration protenlysts ) tlten we Use AyD /NooH - touring ren tees ple and Wiper alkanes are obteefnedl « Recrt c ert, — Pete SF sR ctr, ete, My “Ha -R fates S ‘Nao Y dy eget cha hs Chey CH UH =e, —— Scanned with CamScannerBenzene » Reparation « Frm phenol. on OQ © Bi =2n0 2 Devantborylalion Rx Solaire: SF 6 3 Fem Benzene dlazonlum enloride Nya — Nad Latte tats, oO dhs + HU 4 CH=CH B From Glgnard — Reagent Heo oso, on aus Colts -Mg—B o@ + HeS04 Scanned with CamScannerCHemical Properties A] Elecrophtu — gunettilldon reazhien [8] Mechanism w= 05 On O-516 oo te Fase Key potriz.. © Benzene ‘readlops ate generally Elechie pie ving SubsHthulion — t*P € Tn alow astep » beth t ana benzene ate Invelvet Hence it blimolecutan —-aubstitalien mn Be] * Overall orn & addilen and. climbbalien mechanism = Fiedel wraps alkytation Reagent Ges) Be ee BUM, + Orly Alle sett pits Bait + edly alels er Cots), 2 ey t AO -Od —alees Gis erty Wedd vrapt — Aylalien. aohy alls Poon hal enor 1 Aedta\ ervorive nulic nha VUCle- — pe popnerene et 9, a PA cag HEL 0g Meld Acylium lon P ¢ beats Or GigE dk Bere! Ot a. anny Aid glo Benzophenone Ee” frm i @ i As 5 egy E+ | a, Benzolylum ton. oe @-! 15 Scanned with CamScanneri NP heathen ws 0) pehalinos Te oe SS NMtallon mbeture tt omixtwte of em Hau and ten HNOs + o & For maton Ge W ad = Hog N, + May > H-9-n% + Hso0 wibede 2 Ried aus Wo Wy he, ow —————> ao + wien ium [lecteopntie] Hin, ads @5 Base Wso, ads as Add Sulphonation . Reagents: ten Hs80u o Fiuming Suphuut aud — (oleum) [hasty 2 tray +e) , gon @ weiss Benzene. sulphone avd Mechanism : 2HsS0y ~ say t msog + Ha ZO, po waa) Fectrptile suse (tlesrror" ® | [ + Ho NOTE Silphenatun & a tevertsible mer desulpronaten easy Scanned with CamScanner% Decsulphonaién i) Moony dib nt a XS Halogenctian 4 enorindtian Arhy rs © sqln tat”, oy nares oe Dloro benzene ’ © orm a Altes Mae enloronium tor Y Brminalion arts *r © —rrsaise , @ 5) Tear, ad Bremo &* Form benzene Oe ABs > alg er” readwe 0) posse with er. Fluoro kergene. @— xeainaliin ge eee eee 2 B awed tn Ceente of ond agents the HNO; (er) HLOs 1 Scanned with CamScannerIs + No, + HO (Ce £ fonatien + 8 tivo, + 3 Be > ne Et + on Gattermann -\ Koch aldehyde synthesis. oo i) worn, eo Achy Aids, Berzaldenyde Glattermann - Aldehyde — syntnests ito Hones ino — anky Ald, 9 Addition Ryn ee veo Hyjdrogenalen A ae § Fane ozenolysis_ OQ ss ee Frye dno glyora Scanned with CamScanner°} ud. ; ~ on a opricat ove a J +4 er indat Rete de a women oe, ®r oHe hexathterotydlebexane 5 ee serzere, wera nuove. (OM % known as Cots Up TAtorm er) in lh ea Lindane inseerturs 8 Gotumerane ° © -wita & ign temp Os o Maled anhydride Readivilg gf benzene sompounds towards Elechophile’ sub) Ren. rh) 9 Activating Ren * P cite oO. wae & oH > cn @ A —-0 > -NH. > -R > oh, > -Ar OHS. 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