P.E 4

MODULE IN
PHYSICAL
EDUCATION 4:
INDIVIDUAL/DUAL
AND TEAM
SPORTS
NAME :__________________________________________________
GRADE &
SECTION:________________________________________________
STRAND:_________________________________________________
TEACHER:________________________________________________
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to
all those who helped me to put these ideas, well above the level simplicity and into
something concrete.
The compiler would like to extend his sincere thanks and deepest gratitude to the
School Administrator of Goldenstate College, to Dr. Warren A. Manilay, MNSA, Dr. Sara
Jane T. Manilay, Dr. John Ralph T. Manilay, and Dr. Mary Rose S. Manilay who gave
me the golden opportunity to make this lecture guide possible I am really thankful to them.
Dr. Josie Yap-Tirador, the Vice President for Academic Affairs, for her
generous advices and suggestions in checking the outline and the content.
Dr. Richard F.Fermocil for their noble and generous help.
Deep appreciation and sincere thanks to all SHS Faculty Members and
Special Friends who stay forever in my heart.
Lastly, to my loving family. Thanks for being part of my life and my journey.
To GOD be the glory.
The Compiler
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
Course Outline
Online Rules and Regulations
Course Description
Week 1 – 2An Introduction to : Sports
Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide
Week 3 – 4Objectives of Sports , Officials Duties and Responsibilities and Safety

Rules and Conduct.
Week 5 – 6Individual/dual and TeamSports : Skill development.
Week 7– 8 Individual/Dual Sports : Badminton and Table tennis.
Week 9 -10 IndividualSports : Swimming and Track and Field.
Week 11 -12Team Sports : Basketball and Volleyball.
References
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Course Outline
Course Name Individual/ Dual and Team Sports
PE4
Course Credit
Pre-requisite
Contact Hours / Week
Sports as An Introduction
 Introduction to the area ofSports
 Defining Sports
 Types of Sports
 Distinguishing Individual/ Dual and Team Sports
Important aspects to consider in learning a

sport:
 History
 Court Dimensions/ Venue
 Equipment and Gear
Week 1 - 2
 Technical and Tactical Skills
 Rules of the Game
 Officiating
Five Steps in Teaching Tactical skills

 Distinguishing the important decision
 Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
 Recognizing the signals in situations
 Giving appropriate tactical options
 Planning a Practice Game
Identification/ESSAY
Learning Exercise / Activities
Rating Guide
Objective of Sports
 Enjoyment to win
 Striving to win
 Entertainment
 Love
 Focus on Controllable and others
Week 3 - 4
Officials duties and Responsibilities
 Umpire
 Referee
 Others sports officials
Safety Rules and Conduct
Tips for Players

 Being a good sport
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 Respect your opponent
 Respect officials
Fill in the blank / Enumeration

Rating Guide
Individual/dual and TeamSports : Skill development

 Health Related Components
 Skill Related Fitness
Health Related Components

 Body Composition
 Cardiovascular Endurance
 Flexibility
Week 5 - 6  Muscular Endurance
 Muscular Strength
Skill Related Fitness

 Agility
 Balance
 Coordination
 Power
 Reaction Time
 Speed
Identification/ Enumeration
Rating Guide
Individual/Dual Sports: BADMINTON

 Defining Badminton
 History of Badminton
 Facilities and Equipment
 Rules of the game
 Terminologies
Individual/Dual Sports: TABLETENNIS

Week 7 - 8  Defining Table Tennis
 History of table tennis
 Equipment’s
 Rules of the game
 Offensive Strokes
 Defensive Strokes
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Two main way to hold a Table tennis paddle or bat .
 Shake hand grip

 Pen hold grip
True of False/ ESSAY/ Demonstrate

Rating Guide
Individual Sports : Swimming
 Define Swimming
 Brief History
 Benefits of swimming
 Equipment
 Seven Basic Skills
 Types of floating
 Four Competitive Strokes
 Swimming Officials
Individual Sports :Track and field

Week 9 – 10  History and Organization
 Track and field Dimensions
 Types of Crouched Starts
 Running Events
 Relay Races
 Hurdles
 Jumping Events
 Throwing Events
Essay/ Enumeration
Rating Guide
Team Sports: BASKETBALL

 History of Basketball
 13 Original Rules
 Player positions and terminology
 Equipment
Week 11 - 12  Kinds of defenses
Team Sports: VOLLEYBALL

 History of Volleyball
 Volleyball history in the Philippines
 People involving in Volleyball
 Rules in Volleyball
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 Playing the game in (Volley)
 Basic Violations
 Volleyball terminology
 Facilities and Equipment
 Officials Signals in Volleyball
 Volleyball Officials
Matching type/Essay
Rating Guide
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ONLINE RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Students must provide notebook and ballpen for note taking.
2. Students must mute his / her speaker as the discussion started.
3. As the online class started, please observe the following:
a. Find a place that is noise free but with strong signal for internet
connection
a. Unnecessary exercises are not allowed while the online class are going on.
b. Make sure that everybody is ready for the session.
c. Be on your well-mannered position, lying or sleeping position is not

permitted.
d. Eating during online class is not allowed.
e. If you have questions / queries regarding with the discussion, just press the
hands-up emoticon to acknowledge your questions.
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INDIVIDUAL / DUAL and TEAM SPORTS:
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4 (PE4)
Course Description.
This course is comprised of individual, dual and team sports in competitive

and recreational settings.It consists of an array of offerings which learners can
choose from.
Physical Education and Health offers experiential learning for learners to

adopt an active life for fitness and lifelong health. The knowledge, skills and
understanding which include physical and health literacy competencies support
them in accessing, synthesizing and evaluating information; making informed
decisions; enhancing and advocating their own as well as others’ fitness and health.
Learning Objectives.
CONTENT STANDARD
Demonstrates understanding of sports in optimizing one’s health as a habit;

as requisite for physical activity assessment performance, and as a career
opportunity.
PERFORAMNCE STANDARD
Leads sports events with proficiency and confidence resulting in independent

pursuit and in influencing others positively.
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Week 1 - 2. Sports: An Introduction
1. Define Sports.
2. Identify the types of sports.
3. Distinguish Individual/Dual and team sports.
Discussion
Sports - is an activity that requires physical actions and skills where

individuals or teams compete under a set of rules.
Types of Sports
Sport is classified into:
1. Individual sports- are played by one participant on each competing side
2. Dual Sports- are played by two competing pairs
3. Team Sports are played by three or more players
What is the difference of individual/dual sports vs. team sports?
• Individual/dual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus,

and passion
• Team sports many variables are considered to determine the success or failure of
the team. It depends on the collective effort of all its players.
What does one need to know in playing sports?
Some of the important aspects to consider in learning a sport:

1. History
2. Court Dimensions/ Venue
3. Equipment and Gear
4. Technical and Tactical Skills
5. Rules of the Game
6. Officiating
Examples of Individual/ Dual Sports;

1. Badminton
2. Lawn Tennis
3. Table Tennis/ Ping-pong
4. Beach Volley
5. Sepak Takraw
Examples of IndividualSports;
1. Archery
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2. Bowling
3. Boxing
4. Track and Field
5. Swimming
6. Chess
Examples of Team Sports;

1. Basketball
2. Volleyball
3. Softball
4. Baseball
5. Football
Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports
1. Technical Skills -These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the
game. Examples of Technical Skills: • In basketball (dribbling, passing, and
shooting) • In volleyball (ball reception, attacking/spiking, and setting)
The ff are examples of basics in playing different individual/dual sports.

A. Table Tennis
1. Grip • Shakehand Grip • Penhold Grip
2. Ready Position
3. Forehand and Backhand
4. Basic hitting
5. Tops in Serve
6. Basic Position, Forehand and Backhand Drive
7. Forehand and Backhand Push
B. Badminton
1. Grip • Handshake Grip (forehand and backhand)
2. Ready Position and footwork
3. Serve • Long serve • Short serve (forehand and backhand)
4. Forehand and Backhand Overhead Stroke
5. Forehand and Backhand Clear
6. Forehand and Backhand Drop
7. Forehand and Backhand Smash
8. Forehand and Backhand Drive
The ff are examples of basics in playing different team sports.
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A. Basketball
1. Footwork
2. Pivoting
3. Catching the Ball
4. Dribbling
5. Passing
6. Shooting
7. Rebounding
B. Softball
1. Throwing
2. Catching
3. Fielding Flyballs and Ground Balls
4. Playing Catcher
5. Pitching
6. Batting
7. Baserunning
8. Sliding
C. Volleyball
1. Stance (ready position of the body and foot)
2. Service (Underhand, sidearm, and overhand serve)
3. Tossing (underhand and overhand or finger toss)
4. Passing/receiving (Forearm pass, Overhand, and dig pass)
5. Attacking
6. Blocking
7. Defensive skills (Rolling/Sliding)
2. Tactical Skills -These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in

different situations during the game -A basic example is the use of quick pass
and movement against a taller but slower opponent in basketball -The use of
tactical decision during a game is called game sense
Five Steps in Teaching Tactical skills

1. Distinguishing the important decision
2. Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
3. Recognizing the signals in situations
4. Giving appropriate tactical options
5. Planning a Practice Game
Planning a Practice Game

1. Preparation/Planning
2. Date, time, and duration of training/practice
3. Objectives/Goals
4. Equipment needed during training/practice
Training Proper
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1. Warm-up/Stretching
2. Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills
3. Scrimmage/Practice game
4. Cool down and assessment
CHOOSING A SPORT
Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their choice

of sports include:
1. Weather extremities(hot or cold) for am outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from he activity.
3. Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like skating, golf, and scuba diving
require financial investment on equipment and actual activity.
5. State of health and level of fitness. Demand of physical activity may be
excessive for the body, having a conditioning is recommended.
6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation.
What are the health-related and skill- related fitness in sports/physical activity ?
•Health-related physical fitness – are the aerobic capacity, muscular strength,

muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition of an individual .
• Skill-related physical fitness- sometimes called sports fitness or motor
fitness.
One of the factors that influence skill-related performance is heredity; however,
most fitness skills can be developed and improved.
Skill- Related Fitness Component Examples of Sports Movement

1. Agility
Basketball Tennis Changing directions to escape a defender Changing directions to
hit the ball Balance Cycling Gymnastics Riding a bicycle Performing on the balance
beam Coordination Table Tennis Baseball Soccer Hitting the ball Catching a ball
Kicking a soccer ball
2. Reaction Time
Swimming Basketball Start to jump/dive on the pool when the signal start Getting
the rebound Speed Athletics Badminton Baseball Running the 100m event
Receiving a drop shot Stealing a base Power Baseball Powerlifting Throwing a fast
ball Lifting weights
What are the safety measures to avoid unnecessary injuries in playing games or
sports?
1. Safety Equipment
2. Hydration
3. Perform moderate-intensity physical activity
4. Weather Condition
LEARNING EXERCISES/ ACTIVITIES

I. Identify the types of sports and give at least 5 each examples.
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1. 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
II. ESSAY :Answerthe ff questions brief and concisely.

1. What is sports?
2. Distinguish Individual, dual and team sports.
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RATING GUIDE
(This Rating Guide will be utilized in scoring individual output and performance. Take time
to read and understand the content of the rating guide.)
NEEDS
CRITERIA EXCELLENT SATISFACTORY
IMPROVEMENT
CONTEXT / IDEAS The ideas are full, There are ideas but There is no idea and
Include verifiable detailed and well not detailed and collaboration at all.
ideas and elaborated. slightly elaborated.
elaboration of
answers. (10 Points) (8 Points) (6 Points)
ORGANIZATION The ideas are well The ideas are The ideas have not
Include organized and slightly organized organized and
chronological presented. and have good presented.
presentation of presentation.
ideas. (5 Points) (4 points) (2 Points)
There are no There are slight There are lots of
GRAMMAR AND
grammar errors, an grammar errors, has grammar errors and
PUNCTUATION
excellent choice of good choice of poor choice of
Include correctness
words and words and some words. Punctuation
of grammar, choice
punctuation marks misuse of marks are
of words and use
are appropriately punctuation marks. inappropriately used.
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
(5 Points) (3 points) (2 Points)
TOTAL SCORE
Rated by: ________________________ Date Rated: ___________ Score: _______
Week 3 - 4. Objectives of Sports , Officials Duties and

Responsibilities and Safety Rules and Conduct.
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1. To identify the sports objectives.

2. To examine the officials duties and responsibilities.
3. To know the Importance of safety rules and conduct.
A. Objectives of Sports
1. Enjoyment of those involved

2. Striving to win
3. Entertainment
4. Love
5. Focus on Controllable
– we can control two things: our attitude and our effort.
6. Discipline
-Discipline is not something done to someone for the purpose of punishment but
rather daily practices that help individuals achieve their goals.
-As the old saying goes, “ Discipline is the fuel of achievement.”
7. Friendship
- Bonds form in sports a result of people coming together who share the same
interests and are striving toward a common goal.
- You must rely on others , a good teammate always thinks of others first, holds
people accountable and supports others during the high’s and low’s all
characteristics of a true friend.
8. How to compete
- Head coach of the Settle Seahawks Pate Carroll has a philosophy to ‘ Do things
better than they have ever been done before with competition being the central
theme driving us to maximize our potential. “ Athletes and Coaches don’t rely
only learn how to compete in games but also in practice.
9. Sportsmanship-
10. Team work
11. Goal Setting
- Athletes creates an atmosphere where Coaches and Athletes strive toward team
goals , like winning the championship or individual performance goals such as
becoming an all -star.
12. Confidence
13. Humility
- Humility is a great characteristics of any leader. Sport can offer the chances to
serve one another and also the platform to be humble in victory.
14. How to handing losing
- That when we lose , that’s when the learning takes place.
- Losing forces you to evaluate your performance, correct your mistakes and pick
yourself up to try again ! Anyone can handle winning but it takes a mentally
tough person to handle losing because it hurts.
15. Appreciate/ Gratitude
16. Motivation
- Sports requires an unbelievable time commitment.
- It takes both body and mind and no matter how much someone loves their sport
they need Intrinsic motivation to grind day in and day out.
17. How to handle pressure
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- Legendary Pittsburgh Head Coach Chuck Noll defined pressure as “something
you feel only when you don’t know what your doing.”
18. Health
19. Procedure
- Learn how to follow team policies and procedures.
20. Risk taking
- The biggest risk in life is not take risk . “Sports is filled with risk”.
B. Officials Duties and Responsibilities

(Umpire, referees, and other sports officials typically do the following: )
1. Officiate sporting events , games , and competitions.

2. Judge performances in sporting competitions to determine a winner.
3. Inspect sports equipment and examine all participants to ensure safety
4. Keep track of events times, starting or stopping play when necessary
5. Signal participants and other officials when infractions occur or to regulate play
or competition.
6. Settle claims of infractions or complains by participants.
7. Enforce the rules of the game and assess penalties when necessary.
While officiating at sporting events, umpires, referees, and other sports

officials must anticipate play and position themselves where they can best see
the action, assess the situation, and identify any violations of the rules.
Sports officials typically rely on their judgement to rule on the infractions and
penalties. Officials in some sports may use video replay to help make the correct
call.
Some sports officials, such as boxing, referees, may work independently.

Others such as baseball or softball umpires, work in groups . Each official working in
a group may have different responsibilities. For example, in baseball, one umpire is
responsible for signing balls and strikes while others are responsible for signing fair
and foul balls out in the field.
Regardless of the sports, the job is highly stressful because officials often
must make split second rulings. These rulings sometimes result in strong
disagreement expressed by the players, coaches, spectators.
May umpires referees and other sports officials are employed primarily in
other occupations and supplement their income by officiating part time.
C. Safety Rules and Conduct
1. Positive attitude and conduct make sports enjoyable foe everyone. Some people
can ruin the experience with poor behavior.
2. This can include things like undue pressure, abuse , taunting, poor sportsmanship ,
foul language , harassment, bullying, victimization and more. It can be verbal,
written , physical or emotional.
3. Poor behavior can occur in many places- during play , on the sidelines , at training ,
in the clubhouse or outside of the sporting arena.
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4. It can be coaches, players , parents , children or adults , can be the victim of poor
conduct too.
D. Tips for Players
Players can help promote positive sporting environment by:
1. Being a good sport
a. Play with respect , integrity and fairness

b. Be modest in victory and gracious in defeat
c. If you win, don’t rub it in
d. If you lose, don’t make excuses
e. Control your temper
f. Don’t used bad language or make derogatory remarks.
2. Respect your opponent
a. Treat your opponent the way you would like to be treated.

b. Thank the opposition at the end of the game.
3. Respect officials
a. Accept and respect the officials decision.

b. Thank the official at the end of the game
c. If you have an issue , raise it in a professional way with your coach or
captain after the game.
Learning Activities/ Exercises :
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I. FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the correct answer on the space provided.
____________1. It is not something done to someone for the purpose of punishment

but rather daily practices that help individuals achieve their goals.
____________2.Bonds form in sports a result of people coming together who share
the same interests and are striving toward a common goal.
____________3.Learn how to follow team policies.
____________4. Its “something you feel only when you don’t know what your doing.”
____________5. The biggest risk in life is not take risk.
____________6.is a great characteristics of any leader. Sport can offer the chances to
serve one another and also the platform to be humble in victory.
____________7.‘ Do things better than they have ever been done before with
competition being the central theme driving us to maximize our potential. “
____________8. Athletes creates an atmosphere where Coaches and Athletes strive
toward team goals.
____________9.When we lose , that’s when the learning takes place.
____________10. Sports requires an unbelievable time commitment.
II. ENUMERATION. Give what is asked.
1-3. Tips for players

4-5. Officials duties and responsibilities.
6-10. Be a good sport.
Week 5 - 6. Individual/dual and Team Sports : Skill development
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1. Determine the health and skill related components of fitness.

2. Identify Rules and safety Skill cues Offense / defense strategies.
3. Appreciate the development opportunities to participate outside class.
Health related components
Health Related Fitness

1. Body composition- a ratio of body fat relative to other body tissues.
2. Cardiovascular Endurance- a measure of the hearts ability to efficiently deliver
oxygen through the blood to the other muscles in order to maintain vigorous
exercise
3. Flexibility- the ability to use one’s joints fully in order to prevent muscle injury
4. Muscular Endurance- the ability of muscles to exercise many times without getting
tired
5. Muscular Strength- the amount of force put forth by a muscle or muscle group.
Examples of health-related components of fitness;

1. Cardiorespiratory endurance-jogging, swimming, cycling, roller blading
2. Flexibility-stretching
3. Muscular strength- Max bench press, one squat, 1leg press.
4. Muscular endurance- the most amount of sit –ups in one minute, performing lifting
weights for a period of time.
5. Body composition-BMI, body fat skinfold test, Hydrostatic Weighing
Skill related fitness
1. Agility- the ability to change directions quickly

2. Balance- the ability to remain upright while standing still or moving
3. Coordination- Coordination is the ability to use the body parts and senses
together to produce smooth efficient movements.
4. Power- the ability to do strength performances quickly
5. Reaction time- the amount of time it takes to get moving
6. Speed- the ability to perform a specific movement or cover a distance in a short
period of time.
Examples of skill related components of fitness

1. Speed- sprinting in races, when playing golf, the speed of your arms and upper
body in creating the swing are vital in driving the ball over a long distance.
2. Balance- Gymnastics, ballet, and also contact sports where having good balance
may prevent you being tackled to the floor!
3. Agility- shuttle run, dodging tackles, moving in tennis/badminton
4. Coordination- hand-eye coordination in racket sports and the co-ordination to use
the opposite arm and leg when sprinting
5. Power- a sprint start, a shot-put or javelin throw, long-jump, or broad jump/vertical
jump
6. Reaction time- responding to the gun at the start of a race, but also a goalkeeper
saving a penalty, a badminton player reacting to a smash shot, or swing a baseball
bat to hit the ball.
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Individual sports-Can you list some?
What skill related components of fitness are used the most?
1. FencingBoxing- muscular and cardiovascular endurance and body composition.

2. Archery- hand to eye coordination, upper body strength
3. Badminton-hand/eye coordination, footwork-agility
4. Bowling-balance
5. Cycling-balance, cardio endurance
6. Golf-hand/eye coordination
7. Pickleball-hand/eye coordination
8. Racquetball - hand/eye coordination
9. Tennis- hand/eye coordination, cardio endurance
10. Crossfit/Power lifting-all health and skill related components of fitness
11. Track and field-some events-high jump
Tennis : What skill related components of fitness are used the most?
Hand-eye coordination- one tracks the ball with their eyes, and uses their arm to hit the ball
with the racket.
Tennis
1. Skills- Ready position
2. Forehand hit- Cues: Body turns to side(forehand side) Racket to ear
Swing is low to high-get ball over net
3. Backhand hit Turn body to side(backhand side) Racket to ear
Swing low to high
4. Forehand/backhand
5. Serving-underhand Serves start the game
Must go over the net and land in the service box( diagonally)You get 2 attempts-
each miss called a fault or double faultCues:Toes face net polesBody turned to
sideHit ball out of airSwing low to high
6. Underhand serve
Archery
1. Safety never shoot bow without arrow (pull string back and let it fly)
2. Always point down range-address target straddling rope
3. Always listen and wait for teachers commandWhistle Signals
4. 1st whistle- first two in line walk up and straddle line ( make sure they do not touch
bow)
5. 2nd whistle- grab bow( keep sideways)and nock arrow-put arrow on string
6. 3rd whistle- You may shoot arrows using correct form-Draw, anchor, aim release,
follow through, everyone shoots
7. 2-3.4th whistle- put bows on canister, and go retrieve arrows-stabilize the target with
one hand and pull arrow with the other, and put them back in canister.
Archery-fitness : What health related components of fitness is used most?

Muscular strength and muscular endurance-using your back, chest, triceps, and shoulders
to draw(pull string) and hold it while you aim.
Archery-shooting technique
1. Straddle the line
2. Knock your arrow-put arrow on string
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3. Bow arm always down range
4. Pull shooting hand to jaw(draw)Anchor(hold at jaw)
5. AimRelease-keep hand at jaw
And from the bullseye going outward, a shot in each ring counts as: 10 points(gold), 9
points, 8 points, 7 points, 6 points, 5 points, 3 points, 2 points, and 1 point.
Volleyball Rules and Safety Skill Development

1. 6 players on a team(PE may have 9)
2. 3 hits to return the ball
3. Starts with a serve
4. When a point is scored, that team serves, and rotates clockwise
5. Player may not hit ball twice in a row
6. No spiking serves
7. No carrying or holding
8. Rally scoring-point on every play
9. Games or sets are played to 25
10. A match is winning 2 out of 3
11. Communicate to avoid collision
12. Roll ball under net, do not throw
13. Stay in control
14. Fun Facts: 2 person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics in 1996Ready
position
15. Bump pass -bend knees, arms straight, hands together, forearm contact
16. Set pass-setting-get under ball, hands up early, hands at hair line, hold the bowl of
cereal, fingertip contact
17. Spike/hit
18. Serves-underhand-hold ball at waist, do no toss ball, arm swings like a clock, use
butt of your palm
19. Blocking
20. Preparation for digs
21. Strategies-bump, set.
22. Spike
23. History:-Developed in 1895 by William C. Morgan at the YMCA in Holyoke, Mass.
Fitness Technology HR monitors
1. Fit bits-track your activities, steps, and calories burned

2. Warm-up-always perform a slight jog or brisk walk to warm up muscles before
stretching-make muscles more elastic and warmed up
3. Cool down -never just stop with a moderate to vigorous activity-perform a slow
jog/walk to cool down to get HR down and prevent muscle stiffness
4. Fitness planning:
F-frequency
I-Intensity
T-Type of activity
T-Time doing activity
Track and field Basic skills-Relays
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1. Relays (4 X100) Hand –offs for relays-visualexchange zones-hand off to moving
teammateeach runner runs their leg( 100m)baton can not drop, you must stay in
your laneStarters use a staggered start to equalize distance when races are run on
curves
2. Sprint starts with blocks
Runners directly looking at the ground while on marks
3. Sprint starts-50m, 75m, 100m dash
Thumbs facing line-”on your marks”On “get set”-eyes on the ground, raise up.Gun-
take offStay in your lane, or else be disqualified-do nut run in another runners
lanehurdles
Staggered starts to equalize distance
Long jump- what skill related components of fitness are used the most
Long jump- what skill related components of fitness are used the most? Speed and power
Track and field events Aerobic(cardio-uses oxygen)

Long distance runningmarathonsAnaerobic-does not use a lot of oxygenSprintingPole
vaultingdiscus
Fitness plan F.I.T.T. principle

F= Frequency-how often
I= Intensity-how hard
T= Time-how long
T= Type-type of activity
The F.I.T.T Formula Frequency- Three to Five times per week.

Intensity- 60 % to 85% of maximal heart rate ( moderate to vigorous)Time- at least 20 to 30
minutes per exercise sessionType- Aerobic activities such as jogging, bicycling, swimming,
or walking
Skill development
1. Learning cues- projects a clear description of a skill component into the students
mind
2. Enhance learner memory-(cookies)Compresses information
3. Focus on one specific component of skill-follow through
4. Motivates to develop and refine skills
5. Skill progression-starting with easier skills, and working up to harder skills- learn
fundamentals and practice, practice, practice!
6. Modified games/small groups3 on 3, 4 on 4, 5 on 5 will allow for more touches on
the ball-more practice, limits down time and standing around.
Opportunities outside of school

1. Intramurals/athletics-25 hours of various sports
2. Community parks and recreation
3. Little/senior/pony tail leagues
4. Pop warner football, Club soccergymnastics
5. Dance, cheerleadingFitness-5ks to triathlons, swim clubs, bike clubs
6. Practicing at homeuse the tools provided from PE and practice them at home
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7. High schools offer around 25 sports for boys and girls( weightlifting, bowling, tennis,
softball/baseball, track and field, lacrosse, etc.)
LEARNING EXERCISES/ ACTIVITIES.

I. Choose your answer in the health and skill related components.
What health and skill related components of fitness is used most in the ff :
1. Tennis __________________
2. Archery_________________
3. Long jump________________
4. Badminton________________
5. Bowling___________________
6. Boxing_____________________
7. Track and field___________________
8. Golf______________________
9. Cycling____________________
10. Power lifting___________________
II. ENUMERATION. Give what is asked.

1-5. Health related components and cite an example.
6-10. Skill related components/ fitness. cite an example.
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Week 7-8 . Individual/dual Sports : BADMINTON and TABLE
TENNIS
1.To examine Badminton Origin and its background.

2.To determine its facilities , equipment and rules of the game.
3. To identify the different badminton terminologies.
Introduction
Badminton- is a tennis like game played with light strong rackets that are
used to strike a shuttlecock ( a feather cork missile ) back and forth, before it hits the
ground across a high net with a rectangular court.
History of Badminton
 Badminton is believed to have originated from a game called “Poona” that was played
by the English army officers stationed in India during the 17th century.
 Badminton was first called as Poona. It was developed from a children’s game called
battledore and shuttlecock. The object of this game was to see how long a group could
volley the shuttlecock by hitting it with the battledore, or paddle. This cooperative, non-
competitive game was originally played without a net.
 It was brought to England about 1870.
 The duke of Beaufort introduced the game at his country place, Badminton in
Gloucestershire. Not having at the time, the games was referred to as “that Badminton
game”.
 In 1873, the first Poona Laws came from India. These rules were later revised by J.H.E
hunt three times and were also the bases on which Col. S.S.C Dolby worked in.
 The oldest Badminton club in the world is the Badminton Club of the City of New York
which was founded in 1878, however it did not become widely popular in the United
States until the mid- 1930’s.
 1893 when the Badminton Association was formed and the first official laws of
badminton were written.
 In 1934, Ireland , Scottland and Wales urged the formation of the international
association which is now the International Badminton Federation (IBF). It is the
worldwide law maker and arbiter or the governing body of badminton.
 In 1948, the premier International Men’s Team Championship is the Thomas Cup was
established.
 It was followed in 1965 by the Uber Cup Competition for women.
 In 1972, badminton was presented as demonstration sports in Olympic games in
Munich Germany.
 The World Badminton federation was founded in 1977 and sponsored the first World
Championship in Malawe, Sweden.
 IBF Approved “open” badminton in 1979, which affectively opened international
competition to non – professional players to negotiate professional contracts.
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 In 1981, badminton was included in the first world games held in San Jose , California.
Chinese also dominated on this sport.
 It was not until 1985 that a decision was made to make badminton an Olympic medal
sports.
 In 1987, the Chinese hosted the World Championship in Beijing , China.
 The Suderman Cup was established in 1989 in memory of the former IBF Vice
President and the father of Indonesian Badminton , Dick Suderman.
 Badminton attained the status at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain thus
strengthening its international status.
Facilities and Equipment of Badminton
1. Racquet – used to hit the bird, the racquet is shaped like a tennis racquet and has
strings, but weighs much less. The frame of the racket, including the handle, is not
to exceed 680 mm (26.75 inches) in overall length, and 230 mm (9 inches) in overall
width. The overall length of the head is not to exceed 290 mm. Most racquets are
made from light man-made materials such as aluminum or graphite, and are strung
with synthetic material such as nylon.
2. Shuttle, Shuttlecock, Bird, Birdie whatever it is called, it is badminton’s version of

a tennis ball. It has a small ball at the front to give it speed, and feathers protruding
from it to help it float when it is hit high into the air. An official shuttlecock must have
14-16 feathers and are usually made from a goose or duck and from the left wing of
the bird only.
3. Shoes – special court shoes are worn to allow players to move quickly across the
court, and to give them traction for quick movements around.
4. Net -plays an important role in badminton matches. The Badminton World

Federation’s Laws of Badminton provide specific standards for net height, width, and
construction.
An official badminton net must measure 5 feet high in the center, and 5 feet,
1 inch at the sides. The net attaches to vertical posts on either side of the court.
The net should measure 30 inches from bottom to top, and must consist of a
uniform, darkcolored mesh.
The net should have a white tape running along the top to make the net’s full
height visible to players and officials.
5. Badminton Court– shall be a rectangle laid out with lines of 40mm wide, preferably
in white or yellow color. The Badminton Court Dimensions are of 13.4m in length
and 6.1m in width.
Rules of the Game
Scoring System
1. Every time you win a rally, you get a point.
2. The winner of a badminton match is the player(s) who win two games out of three.
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3. A game is won by being the first to reach 11, 15 or 21 points.
4. Each game must be won by at least two points and a number of systems are
available for extending a game where a score of 10-10, 14-14 or 20-20 has been
reached.
5. The server is not allowed to serve until his opponent is ready. If the opponent
attempts to return service, he is deemed to have been ready.
6. Both the server and the opponent receiving the serve are required to stand so that
some part of both feet remains in contact with the surface of the court while in a
stationary position until the service has been delivered.
7. Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
8. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
9. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
10. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
11. When you’re saying the score, always say the server’s score first.
12. The side winning a game serves first in the next game
13. If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the
mistake is discovered.
14. Serving Serving is how you start the rally Receiver is the person who hits the
second shot in the rally. In doubles, the receiver’s partner is not allowed to hit this
shot.
15. How to serve In badminton, the serve must be hit in an upwards direction, with an
underarm hitting action. You are not allowed to play a “tennis style” serve. The main
rule here is that when you hit the shuttle, it must be below your waist. To be exact,
the rules define this to be a height level with the lowest part of your ribcage. In other
words, you can serve from a bit higher than the top of your shorts, but not much.
16. Service courts The service courts are smaller box shapes inside the court.
17. Two Service Courts your right service court, and your left service court. Doubles
Service Courts. They are wider, because they use the outside side line (remember:
the doubles court is wider); and they are shorter, because they use the inside back
line.
18. How service courts are used The server must stand inside a service court. The
receiver must stand inside the diagonally opposite service court. The serve must
travel into the diagonally opposite service court. If the serve is going to land outside
the service court, then the receiver should let it fall to the floor. If the receiver hits the
serve, then the rally continues even if the serve had been going out. The server and
receiver must stay inside their service boxes until the server contacts the shuttle
with his racket. After that, they can leave the boxes immediately and move
anywhere on court.
19. Deciding who gets to serve first In a major tournament, a coin toss is used to decide
which side will serve first. In more casual club or league games, you usually just
throw the shuttle up in the air, let it land, and see which side it points towards: that
side serves first.
20. Position of Server and Receiver in Doubles Match
21. In a doubles match between A & B against C & D. A & B won the toss and decided
to serve. A to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C shall be the initial
receiver.
Love All
1-0
1-1
2-1
2-2
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3-2
3-3
Note: • The order of server depends on the score odd or even same as in singles. • The
service courts are changed by the servicing side only when a point is scored. In all other
cases, the players continue to stay in their respective service court from where they played
previous rally. This shall guarantee alternate server.
Singles, Doubles, and Mixed Doubles
You can have either two or four players on a badminton court: one player on each side, or
a team of two players on each side. Singles- One-against-one Doubles- two-against-two
Five Types of Badminton Men’s singles Women’s singles Men’s doubles Women’s
doubles Mixed doubles (each team is a man and a woman) Men’s doubles and
women’s doubles are also called level doubles. • • • • •
43. Interval and Change of Ends • When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have
a 60 second interval. • A 2 minute interval between each game is allowed. • In the third
game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.
Terminologies
1. Serve-The stroke used to put the shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally; also
called a “service”.
2. Low serve The low serve travels into the receiver’s forecourt, to fall on or just
behind his short service line. Low serves must travel as close to the net tape as
possible, or they will be attacked fiercely. In doubles, the straight low serve is the
most frequently used service variation.
3. High serve The high serve is hit very high, so that the shuttle falls vertically at the
back of the receiver’s service court. The high serve is never used in doubles, but is
common in singles.
4. Flick serve Although the flick serve is hit upwards, the trajectory is much shallower
than the high serve.
5. Drive serve Drive serves are hit flat to the back of the receiver’s service court.
6. Netshot A netshot is played into the opponent’s forecourt, as close to the net as
possible.
7. Drive Drive : A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net. A drive
is played when the shuttle is near net height, at the side of the player’s body.
8. Push A gentle shot played by pushing the shuttlecock with a little wrist motion .
9. Lift A lift is played upwards to the back of the opponent’s court. Midcourt lifts are
most commonly played in response to a smash or well-placed push.
10. Defensive lift A lift that is hit very high, so that the player gains time for recovery to
a good base position. Attacking lift A lift that is hit more shallowly, so that the
opponent is forced to move very quickly to prevent the shuttle from travelling behind
him.
11. Clear A clear travels high and to the back of the opponent’s rearcourt.
12. Defensive clear A clear that is hit very high, so that the player gains time for
recovery to a good base position. Attacking clear A clear that is hit more shallowly,
so that the opponent is forced to move very quickly to prevent the shuttle from
travelling behind him..
13. Baseline : The back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net.
14. Carry An illegal stroke in which the shuttle is not hit, but caught and held on the
racket before being released; also called a
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15. Drop shot A shot hit softly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net in the
opponent’s court.
16. Fault A violation of the playing rules.
17. Forehand The stroke used to return a ball hit to the right of a right-handed player
and to the left of a left-handed player.
18. Backhand The stroke used to return balls hit to the left of a righthanded player and
to the right of a left-handed player.
19. Kill Fast downward shot that cannot be returned.
20. Let A minor violation of the rules allowing a rally to be replayed.
21. Match A series of games to determine a winner.
22. Rally The exchange of shots that decides each point.
23. Service court The area into which a service must be delivered. Different for singles
and doubles.
24. Short service line The front line of the service courts 1.98 metres from the net.
Singles : A game where one player plays against another player.
25. Smash A smash is a powerful stroke or hard-hit overhead shot that forces the
shuttle sharply downwards into the opponent’s court.
26. Wood shot A legal shot in which the shuttle hits the frame of the racket.
Individual/dual Sports : TABLE TENNIS

Learning Objectives
1. To discuss the history of table tennis.
2. To differentiatedefensive and offensive strokes.
3. To demonstrate the ways how to hold a table tennis paddle or bat.
Introduction
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong. –
is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight, hollow ball back and forth
using table tennis rackets.The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net.
Except for the initial serve, players must allow a ball played toward them only one
bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it bounces on the
opposite side.
Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play
is fast and demands quick reactions.A skilled player can impart several varieties of
spin to the ball, altering its trajectory and limiting an opponent’s options to great
advantage.
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History of TableTennis
 Britain during the 1880s, where it was played among the upper-class as an after-dinner
parlour game.
 It has been suggested that the game was first developed by British military officers in
India or South Africa who brought it back with them.
 A row of books were stood up along the center of the table as a net, two more books
served as rackets and were used to continuously hit a golf-ball from one end of the table
to the other.
 Alternatively table tennis was played with paddles made of cigar box lids and balls made
of champagne corks.
 The popularity of the game led game manufacturers to sell the equipment commercially.
 Early rackets were often pieces of parchment stretched upon a frame, and the sound
generated in play gave the game its first nicknames of "wiff-waff" and "ping-pong".
 A number of sources indicate that the game was first brought to the attention of
Hamley's of Regent Street under the name "Gossima".
 The name "ping-pong" was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son
Ltd trademarked it in 1901.
 The name "ping-pong" then came to be used for the game played by the rather
expensive Jaques's equipment, with other manufacturers calling it table tennis.
 A similar situation arose in the United States, where Jaques sold the rights to the "ping-
pong" name to Parker Brothers.
EQUIPMENTS
1. BALL-The international rules specify that the game is played with a light 2.7 gram,
40 mm diameter ball.
The rules say that the ball shall bounce up 24–26 cm when dropped from a
height of 30.5 cm on to a standard steel block thereby having a coefficient of
restitution of 0.89 to 0.92. The 40 mm ball was introduced after the 2000 Olympic
Games.
However, this created some controversy as the Chinese National Team

argued that this was merely to give non- Chinese players a better chance of winning
since the new type of balls has a slower speed, while at that time most Chinese
players were playing with fast attack and smashes.
A 40 mm table tennis ball is slower and spins less than the original 38 mm
(1.5 inch) one.The ball is made of a high-bouncing air-filled celluloid or similar
plastics material, colored white or orange, with a matte finish. The choice of ball
color is made according to the table color.
2. TABLE-The table is 2.74 m (9 ft) long, 1.52 m (5 ft) wide, and 76 cm (30 inch) high
with a Masonite (a type of hardboard) or similarly manufactured timber, layered with
a smooth, low-frictioncoating.
The table or playing surface is divided into two halves by a 15.25 cm (6 inch)
high net.An ITTF approved table surface must be in a green or blue color.
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Concrete tables with a steel net are sometimes available in public parks.
3. RACQUETS-Players are equipped with a laminated wooden racket covered with

rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player.
The official ITTF term is "racket", though "bat" is common in Britain, and
"paddle" in the U.S. The wooden portion of the racket, often referred to as the
"blade", commonly features anywhere between one and seven plies of wood,
though cork, glass fiber, carbon fiber, aluminum fiber, and Kevlar are sometimes
used.
According to the ITTF regulations, at least 85% of the blade by thickness

shall be of natural wood. Common wood types include Balsa, Limba, and Cypress or
"Hinoki," which is popular in Japan. The average size of the blade is about 6.5
inches (16.5 cm) long and 6 inches (15 cm) wide. Although the official restrictions
only focus on the flatness and rigidness of the blade itself, these dimensions are
optimal for most play styles.
Rules of the game
1. Table tennis regulations allow different surfaces on each side of the racket. Various
types of surfaces provide various levels of spin or speed, and in some cases they
nullify spin.
For example, a player may have a rubber that provides much spin on one
side of his racket, and one that provides no spin on the other. By flipping the racket
in play, different types of returns are possible. To help a player distinguish between
the rubber used by his opposing player, international rules specify that one side
must be red while the other side must be black.
2. The player has the right to inspect his opponent's racket before a match to see the
type of rubber used and what color it is. Despite high speed play and rapid
exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball.
3. Current rules state that, unless damaged in play, the racket cannot be exchanged
for another racket at any time during a match.
OFFENSIVE STROKES
1. SPEED DRIVE -A direct hit on the ball propelling it forward back to the
opponent. This stroke differs from speed drives in other racket sports like tennis
because the racket is primarily perpendicular to the direction of the stroke and
most of the energy applied to the ball results in speed rather than spin, creating
a shot that does not arc much, but is fast enough that it can be difficult to return.
A speed drive is used mostly for keeping the ball in play, applying
pressure on the opponent, and potentially opening up an opportunity for a more
powerful attack.
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2. LOOP-Perfected during the 1960s, the loop is essentially the reverse of the
speed drive. The racket is much more parallel to the direction of the stroke
("closed") and the racket thus grazes the ball, resulting in a large amount of
topspin. A good loop drive will arc quite a bit, and once striking the opponent's
side of the table will jump forward, much like a kick serve in tennis. A loop drive
might not be as difficult to return as a speed drive; however, because of its
topspin, it is more likely to rebound off the opponent's racket at a very high
angle, setting up an easy smash on the follow-up. As the loop drive requires a lot
of topspin, players generally use their entire body to generate the movement
required. Variations in spin and speed add to the effectiveness of this shot.
3. The counter-drive is usually a counterattack against drives, normally high loop

drives. The racket is held closed and near to the ball, which is hit with a short
movement "off the bounce" (immediately after hitting the table) so that the ball
travels faster to the other side. A well-timed, accurate counter-drive can be as
effective as a smash.
4. FLICK-When a player tries to attack a ball that has not bounced beyond the
edge of the table, the player does not have the room to wind up in a backswing.
The ball may still be attacked, however, and the resulting shot is called a flick
because the backswing is compressed into a quick wrist action. A flick is not a
single stroke and can resemble either a drive or a loop in its characteristics.
What identifies the stroke is the backswing is compressed into a short wrist flick.
5. SMASH -The offensive trump card is the smash. A player will typically execute a
smash when his or her opponent has returned a ball that bounces too high or too
close to the net.
• Smashing is essentially self-explanatory—large backswing and rapid

acceleration imparting as much speed on the ball as possible.
The goal of a smash is to get the ball to move so quickly that the
opponent simply cannot return it. Because the ball speed is the main aim of
this shot, often the spin on the ball is something other than topspin.
Sidespin can be used effectively with a smash to alter the ball's trajectory
significantly, although most intermediate players will smash the ball with little
or no spin.
• An offensive table tennis player will think of a rally as a build-up to a
winning smash; only a calculated series of smashes can guarantee a point
against a good opponent.
However, most players will be able to return at most one or two
smashes consistently. Provided that the opponent is not too close to the
table or too far away from the ball, a smash can be lobbed, chopped,
blocked or even counter-looped, albeit with some difficulty.
A player who smashes generally works out a series of smashes
(and possibly drop-shots) to rush the opponent out of position, put him off
balance, or both. Smashers who fail to do this find it difficult to win a point
against an excellent defense.
DEFENSIVE STROKES
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1. The push (or "slice" in Asia) is usually used for keeping the point alive and creating
offensive opportunities. A push resembles a tennis slice: the racket cuts underneath
the ball, imparting backspin and causing the ball to float slowly to the other side of
the table. While not obvious, a push can be difficult to attack because the backspin
on the ball causes it to drop toward the table upon striking the opponent's racket. In
order to attack a push, a player must usually loop the ball back over the net.
Often, the best option for beginners is to simply push the ball back again,
resulting in pushing rallies. Against good players, it may be the worst option
because the opponent will counter with a loop, putting the first player in a defensive
position. Another response to pushing is flipping the ball when it is close to the net.
Pushing can have advantages in some circumstances, such as when the opponent
makes easy mistakes.
2. A chop is the defensive, backspin counterpart to the offensive loop drive. A chop is
essentially a bigger, heavier push, taken well back from the table. The racket face
points primarily horizontally, perhaps a little bit upward, and the direction of the
stroke is straight down. The object of a defensive chop is to match the topspin of the
opponent's shot with backspin.
A good chop will float nearly horizontally back to the table, in some
cases having so much backspin that the ball actually rises. Such a chop can be
extremely difficult to return due to its enormous amount of backspin. Some
defensive players can also impart no-spin or sidespin variations of the chop.
3. The block is a simple shot, but nonetheless can be devastating against an attacking
opponent. A block is executed by simply placing the racket in front of the ball right
after the ball bounces; thus, the ball rebounds back toward the opponent with nearly
as much energy as it came in with.
This is not as easy as it sounds, because the ball's spin, speed, and location
all influence the correct angle of a block. It is very possible for an opponent to
execute a perfect loop, drive, or smash, only to have the blocked shot come back at
him just as fast. Due to the power involved in offensive strokes, often an opponent
simply cannot recover quickly enough, and will be unable to return the blocked shot.
Blocks almost always produce the same spin as was received, usually topspin.
4. LOB-• The defensive lob is possibly the most impressive shot, since it propels the
ball about five metres in height, only to land on the opponent's side of the table with
great amounts of spin.
To execute, a defensive player first backs-off the table 4–6 meters; then, the
stroke itself consists of lifting the ball to an enormous height before it falls back to
the opponent's side of the table.
A lob is inherently a creative shot, and can have nearly any kind of spin.
Top-quality players use this to their advantage in order to control the spin of the ball.
For instance, though the opponent may smash the ball hard and fast, a
good defensive lob could be more difficult to return due to the unpredictability and
heavy amounts of the spin on the ball.
Thus, though backed off the table by tens of feet and running to reach the
ball, a good defensive player can still win the point using good lobs. However, at the
professional level, lobbers will lose the point most of the time, so the lob is not used
unless it is really necessary.
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TWO MAIN WAYS TO HOLD A TABLE TENNIS PADDLE OR BAT.
1. The shakehands grip - generally favoured by Western players and is so named

because you hold the paddle as if ready to perform a handshake. A slight variation
on this is the Seemiller grip which was pioneered by America's Danny Seemiller.
2. The penhold grip - popular among players from Asia, is so named because you
hold the paddle as you would a pen. • Traditionally, penhold players use only one
side of the paddle, however, the Chinese have developed a new technique where
both sides of the paddle are used (the reverse penhold backhand).
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Learning Exercises/ Activities:
I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE (Badminton). Write MYNAME if the
statement in correct. YOURNAME if the statement is incorrect and
change the underlined word into its correct answer. (Strictly no
erasures.)2 pts each item.
_______1. Every time you win a rally, you get a point.

_______2. The server is allowed to serve until his opponent is ready.
_______3. Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
_______4. At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
_______5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
_______6. In badminton, the serve must be hit in an upwards direction, with an underarm
hitting action.
_______7. The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
_______8. 0-0 means LOVE ALL.
_______9.In serving , must be above the waist.
_______10. The serve must travel vertically into opposite service court.
II. Essay
1. Discuss a brief history and background of table tennis.
2. Differentiate Offensive and Defensive Strokes.
III. DemonstratethePROPER WAYS HOW TO HOLD A PADDLE OR

TABLE TENNIS BAT. (Attach a picture ).
1. Shake hand grip front
2. Shake hand grip back
3. Pen hold grip front
4. Pen hold grip back
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RATING GUIDE
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
elaboration of
GRAMMAR AND
PUNCTUATION
Include correctness
of grammar, choice
of words and use
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE
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WEEK 9-10 : IndividualSports : SWIMMING and TRACK&FIELD
Learning Objectives
1. To discussswimming and its background.
2. To identify the different types of swimming basic skills, floating, strokes
and officials.
3. To become aware of the importance of swimming activities such as
water safety and sports.
Discussion
What is Swimming?–Swimming is an activity of propellingoneself through

water using the limbs. Swimming can fun leisure activity and is a really good low
impact way in staying in shape. Could potentially saved life and others.
History, Rules and Safety
ABrief history of Swimming;

• Egyptian 4000 bc.
• Iliad and Odyssey 1500-2000 years.
• Organized swimming into 1800’s- 1900’s
• Today , swimming is the most popular exercise activity in united states, with
approximately 360 millions annual visits to recreational water venues.
The benefits of swimming :
1. Low impact – there’s no ground impact when you swim , so you protect
the joints from stress and strains.
2. Can be continued for lifetime
3. Builds cardiorespiratory fitness
4. Builds muscle mass
5. Burns calories
6. A family affair
Swimming with disabilities ?
- Swimming is an activity for the virtually anyone who has the will and desire to do
so. Such as with down syndrome, Amputated legs, Physical disabilities, and
Visually impaired .
What to used in swimming ?

1. Proper swimwear
2. Googles
3. Bathing caps
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Floating devices and other stuffs such as ;
4. Kickboards
5. Noodle
6. Hand paddles
Pre Swim warm up - movements :

1. Do simple stretching warm-up exercise.
2. Do not go immediately into the water after the exercise.
3. Sit at the side of the pool for a minute with legs into the water.
THE 7 SEVEN BASIC SKILLS IN SWIMMING

1. Blowing bubbles – improve breathing technique.
Basic breathing drills :
Drill #1–in shallow water hold your breath , the crouch down so that your head gets
under water . Hold for a second then comeback.
Drill #2–same as drill #1, but exhale under water through the nose so that you blow
bubbles.
Drill #3-same as drill #2 , except that you now blow bubbles both of your nose and
your mouth.
Drill # 4 –In shallow water , crouch so that the water surface is between your nose
and your mouth.
Drill #5-in a shallow water, submerge your face and blow bubbles out of the mouth,
nose or both.
Drill #6 –Still in shallow water , bob so that your head rhythmically goes in and out of
the water.
2. Gliding through water –gliding helps you to makes used to the sensation of moving
through water head first.
3. Floating technique –knowing how to float can save your life , and it’s the first step
learning how to swim freestyle.
Types of floating
1. Horizontal survival float ( back float ).

2. Deadman’s float- lying on prone ( face down into water).
3. Star fish float- this float is the most relaxing of all.
4. Jelly fish float- holding the uncles with the hand.
5. Turtle float – knees are raised to the chest and encircled to the arms.
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6. Drown proofing - commonly used in adult military training.
4. Treading water– is an aspect of swimming that involves a swimmer staying in a
vertical position in the water while keeping his/her head above the surface of the
water.
5. Doggy paddle –combining basic kicking with paddle arms.
6. Flutter kick –the primary purpose of flutter kick is not propulsion , but keeping the
legsup in the shadow of the upper body and assisting body rotation arm strokes.
1. Front flutter – (freestyle )
2. Back flutter – (back stoke )
7. Coordination –beginner swimmers often find themselves messily chopping through
the water with their limbs. That’s fine. It takes the time to master these skills in order
to be better swimmers.
FOUR COMPETITIVE SWIMMING STROKES
1. FREESTYLE –this is the most popular strokes and easiest strokes for beginners
to learn. It is the simple flutter kick and windmill arm motion , like the back
stroke , only on your belly. The most difficult part is coordinating the breathing
since your face is in the water most of the time.
2. BACKSTROKE –same to freestyle , you used an alternate windmill arm stroke
and flutter kick.
3. BREAST STROKE –the breast stroke involves exquisite timing, and in fact , you
can be disqualified from a competition if you missed one stroke.
4. BUTTERFLY –like a breast stroke , it is the difficult stroke Not recommendedfor
beginners because it requires perfect timing and a good deal of strength .
SWIMMING OFFICIALS
1. The referee - has full control and authority over all officials. The referee will enforce
all rules and decisions of FINA and shall decide all questions relating to the actual
conduct of the meet, and event or the competition, the final settlement of which is
not otherwise covered by the rules.
2. The starter has full control of the swimmers from the time the referee turns the
swimmers over to him/her until the race commences.
3. The clerk of course (also called the "bullpen") assembles swimmers prior to each
event, and is responsible for organizing ("seeding") swimmers into heats based on
their times.
4. Each timekeeper takes the time of the swimmers in the lane assigned to him/her.
Each inspector of turns ensures that swimmers comply with the relevant rules
forturning as well as the relevant rules for start and finish of the race.
They follow the swimmers during their swim back and forth across the pool. They
ensure that the rules related to the style of swimming designated for the event are
being observed, and observe the turns and the finishes to assist the inspectors of
turns.
5. Finish judges determine the order of finish and make sure the swimmers finish in
accordance with the rules (two hands simultaneously for breaststroke and butterfly,
on the back for backstroke, etc.)
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TRACK AND FIELD
Learning Objectives
1. To discusstrack and field historical background and its organization.
2. To determine the track and filed types of crouched starts, running events,
relay races, hurdles, jumping events and throwing events.
Discussion
History
• Athletics, also known as track and field or track and field athletics, is a
collection of sports events that involve running, throwing and jumping.
• The name is derived from the Greek word "Athlon" meaning "contest". •
Athletics was the original event at the first Olympics in 776 BC where the only event
held was the stadium-length foot race or "stade".
Organization
• The International Association of Athletics Federations is the worldwide
governing body for track and field events, and athletics as a whole.
• Associations at the national, state and local level generally follow IAFF
rules, though modifications can exist.
• The Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association (PATAFA) is the
national governing body for athletics sports such as track and field, road running,
cross country running, and race walking in the Philippines.
Track and Field Dimensions

Kind of Starts
Types of Crouched Starts

• There are three main types of crouched starts.
1. BULLET START The first type of sprint start is called a bullet or bunch
start .
• The toes of the back foot are about level with the heel of the
front foot . • Both of the feet are placed well behind the starting line.
The toe to toe distance is said to be 25 to 30 centimeters.
• In this start, your feet are closest together, compared to the
other starts. Because your feet are close together, your legs and
body are "bunched" together. That is why it is called the bunched, or
bullet start.
2. MEDIUM START The second type of sprint start is called medium start.
In this the knee of the back leg is opposite the front foot.
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• The toe to toe distance said to be 40 to 55 centimeters. In this start,
the feet are closer together than the elongated start but farther apart than
the bullet start.
• Its in the middle. That's why it is called the medium start, because it
is in between the other two.
3. ELONGATED START The third type of sprint start is called the

elongated start. • The sprinter has their knee of the back leg level, or
slightly behind the front foot's heel. The toe to toe distance is 60 to 70
centimeters.
• In this start, your feet are spread out farther than the other two. Your
back leg is stretched or elongated, behind you.
Running Event
1. Short Distance or Sprints A sprint is a short running race. In a track and field
competition there are generally three different sprint distances: • 100m, 200m, and
400m. Indoor is 60 m. • The original Olympic event, the stadium race, was a sprint of
around 180m.
2. Middle Distance • The middle distance races are the 800m, the 1500m, and the 1
mile long runs. • These races require different skills and tactics to win that the
sprints. They rely more on endurance and pacing than just pure speed. • The
runners don't stay in a single lane for the entire race
3. Long Distance • There are three main long distance races:
The 3000m, the 5000m, and the 10,000m races. These races are similar to
the middle distance races, but the emphasis is even more on correct pacing and
endurance.
Relay Races
1. Relay Event • There are two very common relay events: the 4×100 meters relay
and the 4×400 meters relay. • Relay races are the only track and field event in
which a team of runners directly compete against other teams. • Typically, a team is
made up of four runners of the same sex.
2. • Each runner completes their specified distance (referred to as a leg) before
handing over a baton to a team mate. • There is usually a designated area where
athletes must exchange the baton. • Teams may be disqualified if they fail to
complete the change within the area, or if the baton is dropped during the race.
3. • A team may also be disqualified if its runners are deemed to have willfully impeded
other competitors. • In the shorter relay, each runner covers 100 meters; in the
longer, 400 meters. • Relays in which members run different distances are called
medley relays.
HURDLES
1. Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed. • In the sport
of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a number track and field events which are a
highly specialized form of obstacle racing. • In these events, a series of barriers
41
known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and distances which each
athlete must pass by running over.
2. Set-up • The placement of the hurdles depends on the length of the race and the
sex of the athlete. • Ten hurdles are used in the 100-meter, 110- meter and 400-
meter hurdle races. • Men run the 110 races with 9.14 meters between hurdles and
women run the 100 races with 8.5 meters between hurdles, according to IAAF rules.
• Both men and women run the 400 races with 35 meters between hurdles.
3. Hurdling Event • 60 meter hurdles. The indoor hurdles event includes just five,
evenly spaced hurdles. • 100/110 meter hurdles. The outdoor sprint hurdle events
offer one of the last bastions of gender difference in senior track and field, as the
women’s sprint hurdles event is 100 meters long while the men run 110 meters.
Both events feature 10 evenly-spaced hurdles. • 400-meter hurdles: Both genders
run a full lap in the low hurdles event, which also includes 10 evenly-spaced
barriers.
4. Steeplechase: • Not a pure hurdles event, the steeplechase combines distance

running and a different form of hurdling. • The 3000-meter race features no barriers
on the first lap. Each of seven subsequent laps includes five hurdle jumps, one of
which is followed immediately by a water pit that slopes upwards. • The better
jumpers are rewarded by leaping into shallower water. The race begins on a curved
starting line. Runners do not remain in lanes.
Jumping Events
1. Whole Sequence • Approach • Takeoff • Flight • Landing

2. High Jump • In the high jump event, the athlete gets a running start and must jump
over a bar without knocking it over. • They land on a big soft cushion. • Like many
track and field events, there is a key element to doing well in this sport, which in this
case is being able to jump high, but technique is very important as well. • Timing and
leaving your feet at the right point as well as how you bend your body as you go
over the bar are all important.
3. Long Jump • Like many field events, the long jump involves more skill and
technique than just being able to jump. • First the athlete must have good speed as
they sprint down the runway to prepare for the jump; • next they must have very
good footwork at the end of their run so they can launch as close to the line as
possible without going over the line and faulting; • third they must make a good
jump; and lastly they must have proper form through the air and into the landing. •
All of these techniques and skills must be executed to perfection to pull of a good
long jump.
4. Pole Vault • While all of the field events take require technique to excel, the pole
vault may be the toughest to master. • In this track and field event, the athlete runs
down the track holding a pole at one end. • At the end of the run the plant the far in
of the pole into a metal box in ground and then propel themselves up and over a
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high bar using both a jump and the spring of the pole to gain height. • They must get
over the bar without knocking it off. They then land on a large soft mattress for
safety.
5. Triple Jump • The triple jump is similar to the long jump, but there are three
combined jumps that go into the total length. • These are called the hop, the step,
and the jump. • The athlete will first run down the track gaining speed; at the start of
the jump or take off point they will jump from one foot and land on that same foot
(hop); they then jump again, this time landing on the opposite foot (step); next they
jump as far as they can and land on both feet (jump).
THROWING EVENTS
1. Shot Put • The shot put involves ‘putting’ a heavy metal ball as far as possible. •
The shot put facility includes a throwing circle, a stop-board and a landing
sector. • Competitors take their throw from inside a circle 2.135m in diameter,
with a toe board approximately 10cm high at the front of the circle. • The
distance thrown is measured from the inside of the circumference of the circle to
where the shot lands at its nearest disturbance of the soil.
2. Discuss Throw • Discus throw is a throwing event where athletes throw a 2kg
platelike implement from a 2.5m circle. • The discus is launched after the
thrower, starting at the back of the circle, has completed one-and-a-half turns. •
The facility for discus throw includes a throwing circle, protective cage and
landing sector.
3. Hammer Throw • The hammer throw is a throwing event where the object
thrown is a heavy steel ball attached with a long wire to a handle. • The facility
for the hammer throw includes a throwing circle, protective cage and landing
sector. • It is usually combined with the facility for the discus throw.
4. Javelin Throw • The javelin throw is a throwing event where the object to be
thrown is a spear-like object made of metal, fibreglass and, in some cases,
carbon fibre. • The facility for the javelin throw includes a runway, a throwing arc
and a landing sector. • The minimum length of the runway is 30m and the
maximum 36.5m. It is marked by two parallel white lines 5cm wide and 4m apart.
43
Learning Exercises and Activities
I. ESSAY: Discuss the ff:
1. What is Swimming?
2. Track and field history and organization.
II. Enumeration. Give what is being asked.
1-4. Types of swimming strokes.

5-11 . Basic skills in swimming.
12-15. Throwing events
16-20. Jumping events.
RATING GUIDE
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
elaboration of
GRAMMAR AND
PUNCTUATION
Include correctness
of grammar, choice
of words and use
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE
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WEEK 11-12 : TEAM SPORTS : Basketball and Volleyball
Learning Objectives
1. To Know about Basketball Origin .
2. To identify the 13 original rules created by Naismith.
3. To determine playing positions and terminologies.
Discussion
The History of Basketball
James Naismith published in 1891, his rules for the game of "Basket
Ball" that he invented.The original game played under these rules was quite
different than the one played today as there was no dribbling, dunking, or
three pointers.
Did You Know?There were only 13 original rules that Naismith created.
Rule # 1 - The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
Rule # 2-The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands.
Rule #3- A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on
which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when
running at a good speed if he tries to stop.
Rule #4-The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not
be used for holding it.
Rule #5- No shouldering, holding, striking, pushing, or tripping in any way of an
opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the
second shall disqualify him until the next basket is made or, if there was evident
intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be
allowed.
Rule #6- A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of rules three and four and
such described in rule five.
Rule #7- If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the
opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making a
foul).
Rule #8- A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds
into the basket and stays there (without falling), providing those defending the goal
do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent
moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
Rule #9- When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play
and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it
straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it
shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall
call a foul on that side.
Rule #10- The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and
notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have
power to disqualify people according to Rule 5.
Rule #11- The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in
play, in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide
45
when a goal has been made and keep account of the baskets, with any other duties
that are usually performed by a scorekeeper.
Rule #12-The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest
between.
Rule #13-The side making the most points in that time is declared the winner.
What do you think?<Do you think basketball would be much simpler with fewer rules?
Player Positionsand Terminology
1. Center- Often the tallest player on the team. Normally plays close to the basket
and is responsible for getting rebounds and blocking shots.
2. Forwards - Two players generally positioned closer to the basket than the
guards. They often assume a floor position along the perimeters of the free-
throw lane and maneuver both inside and outside.
3. Guard- The two players who typically move the ball from the backcourt into the
frontcourt. They usually handle setting up plays and passing to teammates
closer to the basket.
4. Point Guard - Usually a team's floor leader, who initiates the offense and
controls the tempo of the game.
5. Post Player - The position usually played by the center.
6. Power Forward - Usually the bigger, stronger forward who plays close to the
basket and is responsible for rebounding and inside scoring.
7. Shooting Guard - Generally, the player who takes the majority of the shots from
the perimeter, many of which are three-point attempts.
8. Small Forward - Usually bigger than the guards but smaller than the power
forward; responsibilities include both inside and outside work.
9. Handler - Player controlling the ball; can also mean a player known for skillful
handling of the ball.
10. Outlet - A player that sets up near the sideline for a pass from a defensive
rebounder. This pass will initiate the offensive fast break.
11. Pivot - The position a player takes with their back to the basket, either at the top
or on the side of the free throw lane. This is also called the post position.
12. Playmaker - The point guard who usually sets up plays for his teammates.
13. Shooter - A player who takes a shot at the basket.
14. Sixth Man - The first substitute to come off the bench to replace a starter.
15. Line-up - The five players who begin a game for one team.
16. Substitute - A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
17. Swing Man - A player who can play both the guard and forward positions.
18. Wing - A player who is running the outside lane on the fast break. Also a player
who is positioned at the foul-line extended area during the half-court offense.
Equipment
1. The standard size of a basketball in the NBA is 29.5 inches in circumference.

2. In High School, the boys use a 29 inch basketball in circumference.
3. In High School, the girls use a 28.5 inch basketball in circumference.
46
Did You Know?Did you know the 3 point line was not established until the 1940s.
Eddie Rios Mellado-The 3 point line was invented by Eddie Rios Mellado in Vieques,
Puerto Ricoduring the 1940's
There are many different kinds of defenses that teams may use.
The two basic defenses are man to man and zone.
1. Man to Man Defense- This is the most common defense used among all college
and professional teams with slight variations. Everyone is matched up on a man and
you follow them around the court.
2. Zone Defense
2-3 Zone Defense
1-3-1 Zone Defense
3-2 Zone Defense
Full Court Man-2-2-1 Press/
1-2-1-1 Press/
Diamond in 1 Press/
Full Court Presses
Junk Defenses
"Box and 1”, 3-1 and a chaser”,
"Diamond and 1" ,
"Triangle and 2
Top 5 Greatest Playersof All Time

Who do you think is #1?
#5 Allen Iverson
#4 Larry Bird- Bird’s Stats
#3 Lebron James
#2 Kobe Bryant
#1 Michael Jordan
TEAM SPORTS : Volleyball
Learning Objectives
1. To explain volleyball.
2. To discuss the history of volleyball and its rules.
3. To determine the different volleyball terminologies.
Team sport: a sport in which two teams hit a large ball over a high net using
their hands, played on a rectangular court 2. large inflated ball: a large, usually
inflated ball used to play volleyball.
47
Volleyball, popular team sport played by hitting an inflated ball back and
forth over a high net. In the indoor game, each team has six players, while in beach
volleyball, played outdoors on sand, teams consist of two players each. Points are
scored by successfully landing the ball in the court of the opponents without it being
returned successfully.
The Philippines had more influence over the style of modern volleyball than
you might think. In fact, Philippine volleyball players invented the set and spike.
More than 800 million people in the world play volleyball at least once a week,
according to information from the Westlake High School physical education
department. This competitive sport burns 364 calories per hour for a 200-pound
person.
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
 1895, William G. Morgan, The game of volleyball, originally called “mintonette”, after the
invention of basketball by only 4 years. Morgan, a graduate of the Springfield College of
the YMCA, designed the game to be a combination of basketball, baseball, tennis and
handball. The first volleyball net, borrowed from tennis, was only 6’6″ high (though you
need to remember that the average American was shorter in the 19th century).
  1900, a special ball was designed for the sport. -introduced in Asia specifically in India.
  1910, The Physical Director of the YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced volleyball
to the Philippines that year.
  1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be
struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed
the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino". - Volleyball was added to school
and college physical education and intramural programs.
  1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.
  1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.
  1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams
from 11 states were represented.
  1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States
Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open
was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.
  1930, the first two-man beach game was played.
  1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.
  1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play). Most balls were
played with overhand pass.
  1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.
  1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.
  1949, the first World Championships were held in Prage, Czechoslovakia.
  1951, Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries.
 ‘1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass
(bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.
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  1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.
  1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their
fifteenth competitive sport.
  1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its
program.  1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.
  1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.
  1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.
  1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.  1989, the
FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.
  1990, the World League was created.
  1994, Volleyball World Wide, the first internet site on the sport of volleyball, was
created
  1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!  1996, 2-person beach volleyball was
added to the Olympics
VOLLEYBALL HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES
The history of volleyball in the Philippines dates back to 1910. The Physical
Director of the YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced volleyball to the Philippines
that year. Philippine people began to play volleyball as a backyard sport and games
of beach volleyball soon followed, according to information from the Philippine
Volleyball Federation, or PVF. Players hung the net between two trees. They made
up their own rules regarding how many players on each side and how many times
you could hit the ball before sending it over the net.
PEOPLE INVOLVING VOLLEYBALL
1. William Morgan invented volleyball in 1895 at the Holyoke, Massachusetts, YMCA

(Young Men's Christian Association) where he served as Director of Physical
Education.  Alfred Halsted, a spectator commented that the game involved much
"volleying" and game was renamed Volleyball.  Mrs. Elwood .S. Brown, brought
Volleyball to the Philippines.
RULES IN VOLLEYBALL
1. THE SERVE
( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining line ( end line ) until after
contact.
( B ) Ball may be served underhand or overhand.
( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.
( D ) Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point.
( E ) First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be
served by the previous game loser.
( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump only. no setting or attacking a serve.
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2. SCORING
Rally scoring will be used. There will be a point scored on every score of the ball.
Offense will score on a defense miss or out of bounds hit.Defense will score on an
offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.  Game will be played to 25 pts. 
Must win by 2 points.
3. ROTATION
( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve.
( B ) Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner.
( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side.
PLAYING THE GAME (VOLLEY)
( A ) Maximum of three hits per side.

( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a
hit ).
( C ) Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.
( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good.
( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the
waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.
( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play
and the players involved may not participate in the next play.
( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve.
( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the
serve only).
BASIC VIOLATIONS
( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve.

( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.
( C ) Hitting the ball illegally ( Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc. ).
( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball
is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing
player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.
( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions: 
1 - When executing a follow-through. 
2 - When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned ( the
blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return
the ball makes contact). Except to block the third play.
( F ) Reaches under the net ( if it interferes with the ball or opposing player ).
( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order.
( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line
while in a back row position.
VOLLEYBALL TERMINOLOGY
1. Ace - A serve that results directly in a point.
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2. Antenna - Red-and-white striped pole attached to the net that extends 32 inches
above the net and indicates out-of-bounds along the sideline.
3. Assist: Passing or setting the ball to a teammate who attacks the ball for a kill.
4. Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball. The attempt by one team to
terminate the play by hitting the ball to the floor on the opponents side.
5. Attack Error: An unsuccessful attack which does one of the following:
-the ball lands out of bounds,
-the ball goes into the net and terminates the play or goes into the net on the third
hit,
-the ball is blocked by the opposition for a point or side out,
-the attacker is called for a center line violation, or
-the attacker is called for illegal contact(lift, double hit..) on the attack.
6. Back Row Attack - When a back row player takes off to jump behind the 10-foot/3-
meter line and attacks the ball.
7. Block - A successful attempt by any front row player to intercept the ball near the
net that results in the termination of the rally.
8. Ball Handling Error: Any time the official calls a double hit, a thrown ball or a lift.
9. Block Assist - A successful attempt by any two or more front row players to
intercept the ball near the net that results in the termination of the rally. Any person
involved in the block attempt that terminates the rally receives a block assist.
10. Blocking Error - A violation that consists of touching the net, crossing the center
line, blocking a set or any other violation which occurs while making a block attempt.
11. Block Solo - A successful attempt by any one front row player to intercept the ball
near the net that results in the termination of the rally.
12. Campfire: A ball that falls to the floor in an area that's surrounded by two, three, four
or more players. At the instant after the ball hits the floor, it appears as if the players
are encircling and starting a campfire.
13. Centerline: The boundary that runs directly under the net and divides the court into
two equal halves.
14. Court Dimensions - 59 feet from end line to end line and 29 feet, 6 inches wide
(18m x 9m).
15. Cross-Court Attack - An attack that is directed diagonally from the point of attack.
16. Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball. Slang for the art of passing an attacked ball
close to the floor.
17. Dink: A legal push of the ball around or over blockers.
18. Double Hit: Successive hits or contacts by the same player. (Illegal)
19. Down Ball: A ball that is hit overhand and driven over the net with topspin while the
player remains standing.
20. Dump - Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the opponent's
court on the second contact.
21. Extension Roll - A move to the floor which enables a player to dig the ball.
22. Floater: A serve which does not spin or rotate and therefore moves in an erratic
path. This is similar to a knuckle ball pitch in baseball.
23. Forearm Pass - Contacting the ball with the forearms in order to deliver the ball to
the setter in an underhanded manner.
24. Free Ball - Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill.
25. Held Ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a foul.
26. Hitter - A player who attacks the ball. Hitting Percentage - A statistic derived from
total kills minus total attack errors and divided by total attempts.
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27. Jump Serve: A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air and
jumping into and hitting the ball in its downward motion.
28. Joust: When 2 opposing players are simultaneously attempting to play a ball above
the net.
29. Kill: An attack that results in an immediate point or side out.
30. Linesman - Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is
responsible for ruling if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which or she is
responsible.
31. Middle Blocker - Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row and
moves laterally to her blocking assignments.
32. Net Height - Seven feet, 4-1/8 inches high.
33. Off-Speed Hit: Any ball spiked with less than maximum force but with spin.
34. Overlap: Refers to the position of the players in the rotation prior to the contact of
the ball when serving.
35. Outside Hitter - Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row.
36. Pancake: A one-handed defensive technique where the hand is extended and the
palm is slid along the floor as the player dives or extension rolls, and is timed so that
the ball bounces off the back of the hand.
37. Pass - Receiving a serve or the first contact of the ball with the intent to control the
ball to another player.
38. Power Tip: A ball that is pushed or directed with force by an attacking team.
39. Quick: A player approaching the setter for a quick inside hit.
40. Quick Set: A set usually 2' above the net in which the hitter is approaching the
setter and may even be in the air, before the setter delivers the ball. This type of set
requires precise timing between the hitter and setter.
41. Rally Scoring - Scoring method used in the fifth game of matches where points can
be won by the serving or receiving team.
42. Red Card - Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct
resulting in a point/side out to the opponent.
43. Reception Error: A serve that a player should have been able to return, but results
in an ace.
44. Roof: A ball that when spiked is blocked by a defensive player such that the balls
deflects straight to the floor on the attackers side.
45. Rotation: The clockwise movement of player around the court and through the
serving position following a side out.  Serve: Used to put the ball into play.
46. Service Error: An unsuccessful serve in which one or more of the following occurs:
1. the ball fails to clear the net, 2. the ball lands out of bounds, or 3. the server
commits a foot fault.
47. Side Out Scoring - Scoring method used in games one through four of matches
where points can be won only by the serving team.
48. Set - A pass that puts the ball in place for a hitter to attack.
49. Stuff: A ball that is deflected back to the attacking team's floor by the opponents
blockers. A slang term for block.
50. Setter: the player who has the 2nd of 3 contacts of the ball who 'sets' the ball with
an overhand pass for a teammate to hit. The setter is like the quarterback in football
- they run the offense.
51. Six Pack: Occurs when a blocker gets hit in the head or face by a spiked ball.
52. Slide Attack - A low back set to the antenna that the middle hitter swings behind the
setter to attack.
53. Side Out - A rally won by the team who is receiving serve, resulting in the right to
serve. You cannot score a point if your team is trying to side out.
52
54. Substitution - Allows one player to replace another player already on the court.
Each team is allowed 15 substitutions per game. Each player is allowed an unlimited
number of entries.
55. Spike: Also hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive
team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent's floor or off the opponent's
blocker.
56. Ten Foot/3-Meter Line - The line extended across the court to signify the point
which a back row player must leave the ground behind to attack the ball.
57. Wipe: When a hitter pushes the ball off the opposing block so it lands out of bounds.
58. Yellow Card - Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct.
Two yellow cards results in an automatic red card.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT IN VOLLEYBALL
1. Volleyball Court
Volleyball Court Dimensions - The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total.
The net in placed in the center of the court, making each side of the net 30 feet by
30 feet.
Center Line - A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it equally
into 30 feet squares, above which the net is placed.  Attack Line - An attack line is
marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.
2. Playing Area - Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (29'6" x 59'). Indoor
courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (9'10") back from the center
line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2" wide).  Net Height - Net height for men, co-ed
mixed 6, & outdoor is 2.43 meters or 7'11-5/8". Net height for women, 7'4-1/8". The
height of the net shall be 8'.
3. Ball - The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4.5 and 6.0
pounds
4. Service Line - A service line, the area from which the server may serve the volleyball,
is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line.
5. Poles - Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the
sidelines.  Ceiling Height - The minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they
should preferably be higher.
OFFICIAL SIGNALS IN VOLLEYBALL
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS
Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are first referee, second
referee, scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges. The first referee is in charge
from the beginning of the match until the end. The first referee has authority over all
other members of the officiating crew. The first referee should talk to all the
officiating crew members before the match starts, going over any questions officials
might have about their responsibilities.
53
1. The first referee should have a talk with the second referee before the match starts
discussing issues such as pre-match protocol and anything that will help the match
run more smoothly.
2. The second referee should establish a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero
tracker. If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don’t understand
something, they should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for help.
3. SCOREKEEPER The scorekeeper’s main job is to make sure the score is correct at
all times. The scorekeeper uses a score sheet to keep track of the game. If there is
a difference between the score on the score sheet and the visual score (flip score,
electronic scoreboard, etc.) the visual score should be changed to match the score
on the scoresheet unless the mistake on the scoresheet can be determined and
corrected. One of the volleyball referees should check the accuracy of the
scoresheet at the end of each set.
THE SCOREKEEPER… Pre-match  Before the match starts, the
scorekeeper should fill in the pre-match info – team names, starting line ups, etc.
During the match  Records points when they are scored  Watches the servers and
indicates immediately to the referees when a server has served out of order. It's also
good preventive officiating to watch teams volleyball rotation in case assistance is
needed for the second referee to determine the correct team alignment.
Records player substitutions and team timeouts  Records any sanctions 

Records all other events as instructed by the referees  Records the final result of
the set  In the case of a protest, after the first referee gives authorization, the
scorekeeper lets the game captain write a statement for protest on the scoresheet.
After the match  Records the final result of the match  Signs the scoresheet
4. ASSISTANT SCORER The assistant scorer (or libero tracker) sits at the scorer’s
table next to the scorekeeper. The assistant scorer’s main function is to record libero
replacements on to a libero tracking sheet. THE ASSISTANT SCORER…  Notifies
any fault with libero replacements  Operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer’s
table  Checks the score on the scoreboard with the score on the scoresheet
5. LINE JUDGES If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corner of the
endline that is closest to the right hand of each referee, diagonally from the corner.
The line judges watch the endline and sideline of their respective corners. For FIVB
and Official Competitions, four line judges are used. Each line judge stands in the
free zone 1 to 3 meters, lined up with the imaginary extension of their respective
line. Line judge’s main responsibility is to make signals to help out the referees in
making judgment calls. Line judges may be instructed to use flags to make the
signals.
THE LINE JUDGES SIGNAL…

1. Ball “in” and “out” whenever the ball lands near the lines
2. Touches of “out” balls by players receiving the ball
3. Ball touching the antennae
4. A served ball crossing the net outside the crossing space (the space
between the antennae’s)
5. Any player standing off the court at the moment of service
6. Server foot faults
54
LEARNING EXERCISES/ ACTIVITIES
I. Matching Type: Match Column A to Column B .Write only the letter of the the
correct Answer.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. The ball may be batted in a. Rule #12
any direction with one or both hands. B. Rule #10
______2. The ball must be held in or between the hands; c. Rule #8
the arms or body must not be used for holding it. D. Rule# 6
_____3. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, E. Rule #4
violation of rules three and four and
such described in rule five. F. Rule #2
______4. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown G. Rule #5
or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays H. Attack
there (without falling), providing those I. Ace
defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. J. Yellow card
______5. The umpire shall be the judge of the men K Red card
and shall note the fouls and notify the L. Spike
referee when three consecutive fouls have been made M. Substitution
_______6. The time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, N. Hitter
with five minutes rest between. 0.Freeball
_______7. A serve that results directly in a point. PJump serve
_______8.The offensive action of hitting the ball. Q. linesmen
_______9.Allows one player to replace another player. R. Referee
_______10. Also hit or attack.. S. William G. Morgan
_______11. a warning of misconduct. T. James Naismith
_______12. Returning the ball to the opponent U. Scorekeeper
without the intent to get a kill. V. Shooting guard
_______13. A player who attacks the ball. W.Point guard
_______14.A serve that is started by the server tossing the ball into the air.
_______15. Officials located at the corners of the court. X. Power guard
_______16. He invented the game volleyball. Y. Handler
_______17. Wo discovered the basketball game? Z. Guard
_______18. This official make sure the score is correct at all times.
_______19.Usually a team's floor leader.
_______20.Player controlling the ball
II. ESSAY.
55
1. Discuss a brief history of the ff team sports:
a. Volleyball
b. Basketball
RATING GUIDE
NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
elaboration of
GRAMMAR AND
PUNCTUATION
Include correctness
of grammar, choice
of words and use
of appropriate
used.
punctuation marks.
TOTAL SCORE
56
REFERENCES
A. Books
Callo L.F. ,& Dajime P.F. , PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH : Volume
I .,First Edition ., 2016
B. Electronic Research
https://www.analouindog/sports-72388157
https://www.elmerllames/badminton-grade-7-physical-education
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/121476622-table-tennis-130711082810-
phpapp02.pdf
https://www.trishaescaran/swimming-presentation-81105003
https://www.RalphFaelLucas/swimming-ppt?from_action=save
https://www.CaseyBanugan/track-and-field-events-63697116?qid=75eb1ef2-b1bc-
4375-86c8-2a235c3989fb&v=&b=&from_search=10
https://www.kizz4488/final-power-point-basketball-show?qid=7c44d627-28be-
4680-b684-7c59e4cc61a2&v=&b=&from_search=2
https://www.ArbegendDelosSantos/volleyball-powerpoint-89535327?
qid=42cf1ed3-3e9a-409f-a967-c5aa73f050dc&v=&b=&from_search=4
57
Learning Insights
58
Reflection
59
60

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P.E 4

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MODULE IN

I am overwhelmed in all humbleness and gratefulness to acknowledge my depth to

Dr. Richard F.Fermocil for their noble and generous help.

Special Friends who stay forever in my heart.

To GOD be the glory.

Online Rules and Regulations

Week 1 – 2An Introduction to : Sports

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 3 – 4Objectives of Sports , Officials Duties and Responsibilities and Safety

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 5 – 6Individual/dual and TeamSports : Skill development.

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 7– 8 Individual/Dual Sports : Badminton and Table tennis.

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 9 -10 IndividualSports : Swimming and Track and Field.

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Week 11 -12Team Sports : Basketball and Volleyball.

Learning Exercises / Activities & Rating Guide

Important aspects to consider in learning a

Five Steps in Teaching Tactical skills

Safety Rules and Conduct

Tips for Players

Fill in the blank / Enumeration

Individual/dual and TeamSports : Skill development

Health Related Components

Skill Related Fitness

Individual/Dual Sports: BADMINTON

Individual/Dual Sports: TABLETENNIS

 Shake hand grip

True of False/ ESSAY/ Demonstrate

Individual Sports : Swimming

Individual Sports :Track and field

Team Sports: BASKETBALL

Team Sports: VOLLEYBALL

1. Students must provide notebook and ballpen for note taking.

2. Students must mute his / her speaker as the discussion started.

3. As the online class started, please observe the following:

b. Make sure that everybody is ready for the session.

c. Be on your well-mannered position, lying or sleeping position is not

d. Eating during online class is not allowed.

This course is comprised of individual, dual and team sports in competitive

Physical Education and Health offers experiential learning for learners to

Demonstrates understanding of sports in optimizing one’s health as a habit;

Leads sports events with proficiency and confidence resulting in independent

Sports - is an activity that requires physical actions and skills where

What is the difference of individual/dual sports vs. team sports?

• Individual/dual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus,

What does one need to know in playing sports?

Some of the important aspects to consider in learning a sport:

Examples of Individual/ Dual Sports;

Examples of Team Sports;

Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports

The ff are examples of basics in playing different individual/dual sports.

The ff are examples of basics in playing different team sports.

2. Tactical Skills -These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in

Five Steps in Teaching Tactical skills

Planning a Practice Game

Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their choice

•Health-related physical fitness – are the aerobic capacity, muscular strength,

Skill- Related Fitness Component Examples of Sports Movement

LEARNING EXERCISES/ ACTIVITIES

II. ESSAY :Answerthe ff questions brief and concisely.

Rated by: ________________________ Date Rated: ___________ Score: _______

Rated by: __________________ Date Rated: _ Score: ___

Rated by: __________________ Date Rated: _ Score: ___