Genetics Chapter 9

9
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
What is one difference between using restriction endonucleases and mechanical shearing of DNA?
A.
Restriction endonucleases digest at known specific sites while shearing occurs at random sites.
B.
Restriction endonucleases digest at random sites while shearing occurs at known specific sites.
C.
Restriction enzymes are a mechanical process while shearing occurs using proteins.
D.
Restriction enzymes produce larger fragments on average than shearing.
2. Which of the following is an example of a recombinant DNA molecule?

A. a single-stranded RNA hybridized to a single-stranded DNA
B. a genomic fragment of human DNA ligated to a bacterial plasmid vector
C. a λ chromosome in a bacterial cell
D. a bacterial plasmid cut with a restriction enzyme
3. What information cannot be determined from the DNA sequence of a cDNA clone?
A. exon sequences
B. sequence of the promoter
C. similarity to previously identified sequences
D. amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptides
E. sequence of the spliced mRNA transcript
4. In Sanger sequencing, what causes DNA synthesis to terminate at a specific base?
A. chemicals that cleave DNA after particular bases
B. fluorescent chemicals
C. nucleotide triphosphates that lack a base
D.
nucleotide triphosphates that lack a hydroxyl at the 3' position
E. nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate

5. In gel electrophoresis of DNA, fragments move at different rates because they have different
A. charge densities.
B. sizes.
C. base sequences.
D. amino acid compositions.
E. electrical strengths.
6.
What enzyme is necessary for the copying of mRNA sequence into DNA during cDNA library
construction?
A.
RNA polymerase
B.
DNA polymerase
C.
Reverse transcriptase
D.
Restriction endonuclease
7.
If DNA had 5 different bases, a restriction enzyme with a 4-base recognition sequence would predicted to
digest the DNA approximately every
A. 125 bp.
B. 256 bp.
C. 425 bp.
D. 625 bp.
E. 1056 bp.
8.
Why does a genomic library need more clones than what would be estimated by calculations to be
complete?
A.
There is a significant probability that some sequences would not be represented in a library if it was
only the calculated size
B.
The restrriction enzyme that is used to prepare the DNA for cloning will not digest certain sequences
within the DNA.
C.
The restriction enzyme used to prepare the DNA for cloning sometimes leaves a different sticky end
D.
Restriction enzymes cleave DNA preferentially at the ends of open reading frames so coding regions
are prefereentially cloned.
9. What is the function of the ampr gene in a vector?
A. It is a restriction enzyme recognition site.
B. It is a selectable marker.
C. It is the origin of replication.
D. It makes the enzyme ß-galactosidase if it is intact, indicating vectors without inserts.
E. It is required for packing into viral shells.
10.
Which choice is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as a cloning vector?
A.
contains a selectable marker.
B.
contains an origin of replication.
C.
has a site for inserting foreign DNA.
D.
integrates into the host chromosome.
11. Where do restriction enzymes come from, and what is their normal physiological function?
A. Phage λ produces them and they replicate viral DNA.
B. Phage λ produces them and they confer antibiotic resistance.
C. They are yeast DNA replication enzymes.
D. Bacteria produce them to protect against viral invasion.
E. They are bacterial DNA replication enzymes.
12. How do bacteria protect their own DNA from the restriction enzymes they produce?
A. Their DNA never contains the recognition site.
B. Ligase connects their DNA as soon as it is cut.
C. Digestion is blocked by methyl groups added to recognition sequences in their DNA.
D. Phosphate groups added to the recognition sequences in their DNA block digestion.
E. Restriction enzymes are blocked from entry into the nucleus.
13. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made by
A. red blood cells.
B. phage λ.
C. retroviruses.
D. yeast.
E. E. coli.
14. How are the genes in the β-globin locus different from each other?
A. They use different template strands for transcription.
B. They are expressed at different times in development.
C. They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes.
D. They are dispersed on different chromosomes.
E. Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells.
15. Pseudogenes are evidence for
A. gene duplications.
B. the existence of integrated viruses, or proviruses.
C. the importance of TATA boxes in eukaryotic promoters.
D. the importance of the order of the globin genes in dictating their expression.
E. diseases that result from deletions in the a-globin genes.
16.
Use the BLAST tool at http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi and click “Protein blast” to find out the
identity of the protein with the following amino acid sequence:
CCKHPEAKRM PCAEDYLSVV LNQLCVLHEK TPVSDRVTKC CTESLVNRRP
A.
myosin
B.
actin
C.
albumin
D.
DNA polymerase
E.
tubulin
17.
The BLAST suite of programs can be used to
A.
compare a nucleotide or amino acid sequence to databases from a variety of species.
B.
display the reading frames of nucelotide sequence.
C.
find the tissues that a nucleotide sequence might be expressed in.
D.
analyze microarray data.
E.
tubulin
18.
What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?
A.
The advantage is that it allowed for speciation.
B.
The multiple forms all have the same function so that one can be mutated without affecting the
individual..
C.
There is no advantage
D.
The different forms are adapted to most efficiently carry oxygen in the different stage of development.
19.
How are open reading frames or exons predicted from genomic sequence?
A.
If the open reading frame is 10 amino acids long it is considered an exon.
B.
If the sequence is absent in mRNA it is considered an exon.
C.
If there is a splice donor and acceptor site at the ends of the open reading frame it is considered an
exon.
D.
If an open reading frame is 21 amino acids long or longer it is accepted as an exon.
20.
What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?
A.
< 0.1%
B.
2%
C.
10%
D.
20%
E.
45%
21.
The method of sequencing genomic fragments cloned directly from the genome is:
A. Cytogenetic mapping
B.
Shotgun sequencing
C. Southern blotting
D.
Polymerase chain reaction
22.
Which of the following is a way that protein function can be modified AFTER translation?
A.
Protein cleaving
B.
Transcription regulation
C.
Genome duplication
D.
Exon shuffling
E.
Gene rearrangement
23.
Which of the following processes is a way that orthologous genes can be generated over evolutionary
time?
A.
Protein cleaving
B.
C.
Genome duplication
D.
Chromosomal rearrangement
24.
Which of the following is a potential mechanism through which proteins can acquire novel domain
architectures over evolutionary time?
A.
Genome duplication alone
B.
Exon shuffling alone
C.
Exon shuffling followed by genome duplication
D.
Genome duplication followed by exon shuffling
You performed a Sanger sequencing reaction and obtained the following electropherogram (a computer-
generated trace of the intensity of each color's fluorescence). In this figure, A = green, C = purple, G = black,
T = red. The height of the peaks is unimportant. The 5' end of the squence is at the left of the trace.
25.
What is the sequence of the DNA synthesized in the sequencing reaction?
A.
5' TTTGCTTTGTGAGCGGATAACAA 3'
B.
C.
5' AAACGAAACACTCGCCTATTGTT 3'
D.
26.
What is the sequence of the template DNA used for this sequencing reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
27.
What is the purpose of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?
A.
To label DNA fragments so they can be viewed under UV light
B.
To introduce mutations into the DNA
C.
To fragment the DNA before separating them by size
D.
To join fragments of DNA together
28.
Which disease results from deletion of the β-globin gene cluster LCR?
A.
Sickle-cell disease
B.
Mild α-thalassemia
C.
Severe α-thalassemia
D.
Mild β-thalassemia
E.
Severe β-thalassemia
29.
What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the β-globin gene cluster?
A.
No globin genes will be expressed and the fetus will die in utero.
B.
ε-globin will be expressed first during development.
C.
The order of globin gene expression will be reversed; the effect on the fetus cannot be predicted.
D.
The fetal will develop sickle-cell disease in adult life.
30.
After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about the resulting DNA
fragments?
A.
They will have either a single stranded overhang or blunt ends, depending on the enzyme used.
B.
They will have only blunt ends.
C.
They will have only single stranded overhangs.
D.
The result cannot be predicted because a single restriction enzyme can generate either single stranded
overhangs or blunt ends.
31.
If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be the most
appropriate?
A.
YAC
B.
BAC
C.
Plasmid
D.
Virus
32.
The role of the DNA polymerase in Sanger sequencing is to
A.
synthesize a copy of the template strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
B.
synthesize the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction
C.
D.
33.
Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?
A.
To assemble the whole genome sequence from random fragments.
B.
To quantify the amount of DNA in the genome.
C.
To make sure all the clones in a library are used.
D.
To allow for errors in sequencing to be corrected.
34.
What is one way that genes can be predicted in genome sequences?
A.
Identifying the most conserved sequences between different species.
B.
Identifying the least conserved sequences between different species
C.
Identifying the most conserved regions between individuals of the same species.
D.
Determining which regions have undergone the most rapid evolution.
35.
What is the use of a RefSeq?
A.
A RefSeq is a single, complete, annotated version of a species sequence that can be accessed for
bioinformatic studies.
B.
RefSeq is constantly updated to give the latest information for bioinformatic studies.
C.
RefSeq is a program to compare genome sequencces.
D.
RefSeq is a program that identifies open reading frames.
9 Key
1.
What is one difference between using restriction endonucleases and mechanical shearing of DNA?
A.
Restriction endonucleases digest at known specific sites while shearing occurs at random sites.
B.
Restriction endonucleases digest at random sites while shearing occurs at known specific sites.
C.
Restriction enzymes are a mechanical process while shearing occurs using proteins.
D.
Restriction enzymes produce larger fragments on average than shearing.
Blooms: 2. Understand
Hartwell - Chapter 09 #1
Learning Objective: 09.01.01 Distinguish between digesting DNA with restriction enzymes and mechanical shearing of DNA.
Section: 09.01
Topic: Fragmenting DNA
2. Which of the following is an example of a recombinant DNA molecule?
A. a single-stranded RNA hybridized to a single-stranded DNA
B. a genomic fragment of human DNA ligated to a bacterial plasmid vector
C. a λ chromosome in a bacterial cell
D. a bacterial plasmid cut with a restriction enzyme
Learning Objective: 09.02.01 Diagram the process by which restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to make recombinant DNA molecules.
Section: 09.02
Topic: Cloning DNA Fragments
3. What information cannot be determined from the DNA sequence of a cDNA clone?
A. exon sequences
B. sequence of the promoter
C. similarity to previously identified sequences
D. amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptides
E. sequence of the spliced mRNA transcript
Learning Objective: 09.05.04 Compare the information that can be obtained from genomic and cDNA libraries.
Section: 09.05
Topic: Finding the Genes in Genomes
4. In Sanger sequencing, what causes DNA synthesis to terminate at a specific base?
A. chemicals that cleave DNA after particular bases
B. fluorescent chemicals
C. nucleotide triphosphates that lack a base
D.
nucleotide triphosphates that lack a hydroxyl at the 3' position
E. nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate

Learning Objective: 09.03.02 Describe the role of dideoxyribonucleotides in generating DNA fragments of analysis.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Sequencing Genomes
5. In gel electrophoresis of DNA, fragments move at different rates because they have different
A. charge densities.
B. sizes.
C. base sequences.
D. amino acid compositions.
E. electrical strengths.
Learning Objective: 09.01.04 Summarize the process by which gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments.
Section: 09.01
6.
What enzyme is necessary for the copying of mRNA sequence into DNA during cDNA library
construction?
A.
RNA polymerase
B.
DNA polymerase
C.
Reverse transcriptase
D.
Restriction endonuclease
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.05.04 Compare the information that can be obtained from genomic and cDNA libraries.
Section: 09.05
7.
If DNA had 5 different bases, a restriction enzyme with a 4-base recognition sequence would
predicted to digest the DNA approximately every
A. 125 bp.
B. 256 bp.
C. 425 bp.
D. 625 bp.
E. 1056 bp.
Blooms: 4. Analyze
Learning Objective: 09.01.03 Calculate the average sizes and numbers of DNA fragments producted by digesting human genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme,
given the enzymes recognition site.
Section: 09.01
8.
Why does a genomic library need more clones than what would be estimated by calculations to be
complete?
A.
There is a significant probability that some sequences would not be represented in a library if it was
only the calculated size
B.
The restrriction enzyme that is used to prepare the DNA for cloning will not digest certain
sequences within the DNA.
C.
The restriction enzyme used to prepare the DNA for cloning sometimes leaves a different sticky
end
D.
Restriction enzymes cleave DNA preferentially at the ends of open reading frames so coding
regions are prefereentially cloned.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.02.04 Explain why genomic DNA libraries require more colonies than a single genome equivalent.
Section: 09.02
9. What is the function of the ampr gene in a vector?
A. It is a restriction enzyme recognition site.
B. It is a selectable marker.
C. It is the origin of replication.
D. It makes the enzyme ß-galactosidase if it is intact, indicating vectors without inserts.
E. It is required for packing into viral shells.
Learning Objective: 09.02.02 Describe how cellular clones of recombinant DNA molecules are produced.
Section: 09.02
10.
Which choice is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as a cloning vector?
A.
contains a selectable marker.
B.
contains an origin of replication.
C.
has a site for inserting foreign DNA.
D.
integrates into the host chromosome.
Learning Objective: 09.02.02 Describe how cellular clones of recombinant DNA molecules are produced.
Section: 09.02
11. Where do restriction enzymes come from, and what is their normal physiological function?
A. Phage λ produces them and they replicate viral DNA.
B. Phage λ produces them and they confer antibiotic resistance.
C. They are yeast DNA replication enzymes.
D. Bacteria produce them to protect against viral invasion.
E. They are bacterial DNA replication enzymes.
Section: 09.01
12. How do bacteria protect their own DNA from the restriction enzymes they produce?
A. Their DNA never contains the recognition site.
B. Ligase connects their DNA as soon as it is cut.
C. Digestion is blocked by methyl groups added to recognition sequences in their DNA.
D. Phosphate groups added to the recognition sequences in their DNA block digestion.
E. Restriction enzymes are blocked from entry into the nucleus.
Section: 09.01
13. Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme made by
A. red blood cells.
B. phage λ.
C. retroviruses.
D. yeast.
E. E. coli.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.05.03 Discuss the use of reverse transcriptase in the construction of a cDNA library.
Section: 09.05
14. How are the genes in the β-globin locus different from each other?
A. They use different template strands for transcription.
B. They are expressed at different times in development.
C. They have different evolutionary origins, from different ancestral genes.
D. They are dispersed on different chromosomes.
E. Some are expressed in all cells; some are expressed only in red blood cells.
Learning Objective: 09.08.02 Discuss how locus control regions (LCRs) determine the temporal sequence of hemoglobin expression.
Section: 09.08
Topic: A Comprehensive Example - The Hemoglobin Genes
15. Pseudogenes are evidence for
A. gene duplications.
B. the existence of integrated viruses, or proviruses.
C. the importance of TATA boxes in eukaryotic promoters.
D. the importance of the order of the globin genes in dictating their expression.
E. diseases that result from deletions in the a-globin genes.
Learning Objective: 09.06.02 Explain how gene duplication and divergence leads to the formation of gene families and pseudogenes.
Section: 09.06
Topic: Genome Architecture and Evolution
16.
Use the BLAST tool at http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi and click “Protein blast” to find out the
identity of the protein with the following amino acid sequence:
CCKHPEAKRM PCAEDYLSVV LNQLCVLHEK TPVSDRVTKC CTESLVNRRP
A.
myosin
B.
actin
C.
albumin
D.
DNA polymerase
E.
tubulin
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.07.02 Describe the uses of BLAST searches in comparative genomics.
Section: 09.07
Topic: Bioinformatics - Information Technology and Genomes
17.
The BLAST suite of programs can be used to
A.
compare a nucleotide or amino acid sequence to databases from a variety of species.
B.
display the reading frames of nucelotide sequence.
C.
find the tissues that a nucleotide sequence might be expressed in.
D.
analyze microarray data.
E.
tubulin
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.07.02 Describe the uses of BLAST searches in comparative genomics.
Section: 09.07
18.
What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?
A.
The advantage is that it allowed for speciation.
B.
The multiple forms all have the same function so that one can be mutated without affecting the
individual..
C.
There is no advantage
D.
The different forms are adapted to most efficiently carry oxygen in the different stage of
development.
Learning Objective: 09.08.01 Explain why it is advantageous for humans to produce different hemoglobins at different stages of development.
Section: 09.08
19.
How are open reading frames or exons predicted from genomic sequence?
A.
If the open reading frame is 10 amino acids long it is considered an exon.
B.
If the sequence is absent in mRNA it is considered an exon.
C.
If there is a splice donor and acceptor site at the ends of the open reading frame it is considered an
exon.
D.
If an open reading frame is 21 amino acids long or longer it is accepted as an exon.
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.05.01 Explain why a long open reading frame would suggest the existence of a protein-coding exon.
Section: 09.05
20.
What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?
A.
< 0.1%
B.
2%
C.
10%
D.
20%
E.
45%
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.06.01 Discuss the arrangement of genes in genomes, including number of genes, transcription direction, and gene density.
Section: 09.06
21.
The method of sequencing genomic fragments cloned directly from the genome is:
A. Cytogenetic mapping
B.
Shotgun sequencing
C. Southern blotting
D.
Polymerase chain reaction
Learning Objective: 09.04.02 Describe the differences between the hierarchical and shotgun strategies for genome sequencing.
Section: 09.04
22.
Which of the following is a way that protein function can be modified AFTER translation?
A.
Protein cleaving
B.
C.
Genome duplication
D.
Exon shuffling
E.
Gene rearrangement
Learning Objective: 09.06.04 Describe how mechanisms at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels can produce complexity from a small number of genes.
Section: 09.06
23.
Which of the following processes is a way that orthologous genes can be generated over evolutionary
time?
A.
Protein cleaving
B.
C.
Genome duplication
D.
Chromosomal rearrangement
Learning Objective: 09.06.03 List three ways in which genomes can change over evolutionary time.
Section: 09.06
24.
Which of the following is a potential mechanism through which proteins can acquire novel domain
architectures over evolutionary time?
A.
Genome duplication alone
B.
Exon shuffling alone
C.
Exon shuffling followed by genome duplication
D.
Genome duplication followed by exon shuffling
Learning Objective: 09.06.03 List three ways in which genomes can change over evolutionary time.
Section: 09.06
You performed a Sanger sequencing reaction and obtained the following electropherogram (a computer-
generated trace of the intensity of each color's fluorescence). In this figure, A = green, C = purple, G = black,
T = red. The height of the peaks is unimportant. The 5' end of the squence is at the left of the trace.
Hartwell - Chapter 09
25.
What is the sequence of the DNA synthesized in the sequencing reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.03.03 Interpret the fluorescent peaks obtained during a DNA sequencing run as a sequence of nucleotides with the proper polarity.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Sequencing DNA
26.
What is the sequence of the template DNA used for this sequencing reaction?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Blooms: 3. Apply
Learning Objective: 09.03.03 Interpret the fluorescent peaks obtained during a DNA sequencing run as a sequence of nucleotides with the proper polarity.
Section: 09.03
Topic: Sequencing DNA
27.
What is the purpose of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?
A.
To label DNA fragments so they can be viewed under UV light
B.
To introduce mutations into the DNA
C.
To fragment the DNA before separating them by size
D.
To join fragments of DNA together
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.01.04 Summarize the process by which gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments.
Section: 09.01
28.
Which disease results from deletion of the β-globin gene cluster LCR?
A.
Sickle-cell disease
B.
Mild α-thalassemia
C.
Severe α-thalassemia
D.
Mild β-thalassemia
E.
Severe β-thalassemia
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.08.03 Predict the phenotypic severity of particular mutations in the α and β clusters.
Section: 09.08
29.
What do you predict would be the effect of an inversion mutation in the β-globin gene cluster?
A.
No globin genes will be expressed and the fetus will die in utero.
B.
ε-globin will be expressed first during development.
C.
The order of globin gene expression will be reversed; the effect on the fetus cannot be predicted.
D.
The fetal will develop sickle-cell disease in adult life.
Learning Objective: 09.08.02 Discuss how locus control regions (LCRs) determine the temporal sequence of hemoglobin expression.
Section: 09.08
30.
After digestion of DNA with a restriction endonuclease, which statement is true about the resulting
DNA fragments?
A.
They will have either a single stranded overhang or blunt ends, depending on the enzyme used.
B.
They will have only blunt ends.
C.
They will have only single stranded overhangs.
D.
The result cannot be predicted because a single restriction enzyme can generate either single
stranded overhangs or blunt ends.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.01.02 Describe how certain restriction enzymes generate DNA fragments with sticky ends, and others generate blunt-ended fragments.
Section: 09.01
31.
If it is desired to clone the largest fragments possible from a genome, which vector would be the most
appropriate?
A.
YAC
B.
BAC
C.
Plasmid
D.
Virus
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.02.03 Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC or YAC (bacterial or yeast artificial chromosome) vectors.
Section: 09.02
32.
The role of the DNA polymerase in Sanger sequencing is to
A.
B.
C.
D.

33.
Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?
A.
To assemble the whole genome sequence from random fragments.
B.
To quantify the amount of DNA in the genome.
C.
To make sure all the clones in a library are used.
D.
To allow for errors in sequencing to be corrected.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.04.01 Explain why overlap between individual DNA sequences is required to reconstruct the sequence of a genome.
Section: 09.04
34.
What is one way that genes can be predicted in genome sequences?
A.
Identifying the most conserved sequences between different species.
B.
Identifying the least conserved sequences between different species
C.
Identifying the most conserved regions between individuals of the same species.
D.
Determining which regions have undergone the most rapid evolution.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.05.02 Describe how scientists predict the location of genes by identifying sequences conserved in the genomes of widely divergent species.
Section: 09.05
35.
What is the use of a RefSeq?
A.
A RefSeq is a single, complete, annotated version of a species sequence that can be accessed for
bioinformatic studies.
B.
RefSeq is constantly updated to give the latest information for bioinformatic studies.
C.
RefSeq is a program to compare genome sequencces.
D.
RefSeq is a program that identifies open reading frames.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Learning Objective: 09.07.01 Explain the relevance of a species RefSeq to bioinformatic studies.
Section: 09.07
9 Summary
Category # of Questions
Blooms: 1. Remember 10
Blooms: 2. Understand 17
Blooms: 3. Apply 6
Blooms: 4. Analyze 1
Hartwell - Chapter 09 36
Learning Objective: 09.01.01 Distinguish between digesting DNA with restriction enzymes and mechanical shearing of DNA. 3
Learning Objective: 09.01.02 Describe how certain restriction enzymes generate DNA fragments with sticky ends, and others gene 1
rate blunt-ended fragments.
Learning Objective: 09.01.03 Calculate the average sizes and numbers of DNA fragments producted by digesting human genomic 1
DNA with a restriction enzyme, given the enzymes recognition site.
Learning Objective: 09.01.04 Summarize the process by which gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments. 2
Learning Objective: 09.02.01 Diagram the process by which restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to make recombinant D 1
NA molecules.
Learning Objective: 09.02.02 Describe how cellular clones of recombinant DNA molecules are produced. 2
Learning Objective: 09.02.03 Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC or YAC (bacterial or yeast artificial chromoso 1
me) vectors.
Learning Objective: 09.02.04 Explain why genomic DNA libraries require more colonies than a single genome equivalent. 1
Learning Objective: 09.03.02 Describe the role of dideoxyribonucleotides in generating DNA fragments of analysis. 1
Learning Objective: 09.03.03 Interpret the fluorescent peaks obtained during a DNA sequencing run as a sequence of nucleotides 2
with the proper polarity.
Learning Objective: 09.04.01 Explain why overlap between individual DNA sequences is required to reconstruct the sequence of a 1
genome.
Learning Objective: 09.04.02 Describe the differences between the hierarchical and shotgun strategies for genome sequencing. 1
Learning Objective: 09.05.01 Explain why a long open reading frame would suggest the existence of a protein-coding exon. 1
Learning Objective: 09.05.02 Describe how scientists predict the location of genes by identifying sequences conserved in the geno 1
mes of widely divergent species.
Learning Objective: 09.05.03 Discuss the use of reverse transcriptase in the construction of a cDNA library. 1
Learning Objective: 09.05.04 Compare the information that can be obtained from genomic and cDNA libraries. 2
Learning Objective: 09.06.01 Discuss the arrangement of genes in genomes, including number of genes, transcription direction, an 1
d gene density.
Learning Objective: 09.06.02 Explain how gene duplication and divergence leads to the formation of gene families and pseudogen 1
es.
Learning Objective: 09.06.03 List three ways in which genomes can change over evolutionary time. 2
Learning Objective: 09.06.04 Describe how mechanisms at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels can produce complexity from a sma 1
ll number of genes.
Learning Objective: 09.07.01 Explain the relevance of a species RefSeq to bioinformatic studies. 1
Learning Objective: 09.07.02 Describe the uses of BLAST searches in comparative genomics. 2
Learning Objective: 09.08.01 Explain why it is advantageous for humans to produce different hemoglobins at different stages of de 1
velopment.
Learning Objective: 09.08.02 Discuss how locus control regions (LCRs) determine the temporal sequence of hemoglobin expressio 2
n.
Learning Objective: 09.08.03 Predict the phenotypic severity of particular mutations in the α and β clusters. 1
Section: 09.01 7
Section: 09.02 5
Section: 09.03 3
Section: 09.04 2
Section: 09.05 5
Section: 09.06 5
Section: 09.07 3
Section: 09.08 4
Topic: A Comprehensive Example - The Hemoglobin Genes 4
Topic: Bioinformatics - Information Technology and Genomes 3
Topic: Cloning DNA Fragments 5
Topic: Finding the Genes in Genomes 5
Topic: Fragmenting DNA 7
Topic: Genome Architecture and Evolution 5
Topic: Sequencing DNA 2
Topic: Sequencing Genomes 3

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Genetics Chapter 9

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9

2. Which of the following is an example of a recombinant DNA molecule?

E. nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate

Which choice is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as a cloning vector?

CCKHPEAKRM PCAEDYLSVV LNQLCVLHEK TPVSDRVTKC CTESLVNRRP

The BLAST suite of programs can be used to

What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?

What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?

What is the sequence of the DNA synthesized in the sequencing reaction?

What is the purpose of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?

The role of the DNA polymerase in Sanger sequencing is to

Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?

What is one way that genes can be predicted in genome sequences?

What is the use of a RefSeq?

E. nucleosides that lack a 5' phosphate

Which choice is NOT a characteristic of a plasmid used as a cloning vector?

CCKHPEAKRM PCAEDYLSVV LNQLCVLHEK TPVSDRVTKC CTESLVNRRP

The BLAST suite of programs can be used to

What is the advantage of having different forms of hemoglobin?

What proportion of the genome is comprised of the exome?

What is the sequence of the DNA synthesized in the sequencing reaction?

What is the purpose of ethidium bromide in DNA electrophoresis?

The role of the DNA polymerase in Sanger sequencing is to

Hartwell - Chapter 09 #32

Why is it necessary to obtain overlapping sequences when performing genomic sequencing?

What is one way that genes can be predicted in genome sequences?

What is the use of a RefSeq?

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