Explanation Text 1

Global Warming

Global warming is a process of increasing the temperature in atmosphere, sea, and

land. The effect of global warming comes from social aspect such as new disease are
appear everywhere. Increasing the temperature cause iceberg melting in pole, disaster
etc. global warming happen because of CO2. All energy which has in earth is coming
from the sun. (Bgs)

When the energy in a form of infrared radiation comes to surface of earth, earth has a
function as a mirror to reflect the radiation and absorb some of them to make the land
warm. But now, CO2 is preventing the reflection of infrared radiation in earth
atmosphere. While CO2 preventing infrared radiation, the temperature of earth surface
are increasing. (Rdk)

As we know, technology is getting into higher level and it gives bad effect for earth.
There are so many pollution come from the technology, one of them is CO2. Industrial
activities, pollution of vehicles are two causes of increasing CO2 in atmosphere.
Green house effect and CFC are the other causes. (Bgs)

CO2 in atmosphere make a hole in ozone layer and this things are very dangerous for
human life because it cause skin cancer. Because of this also, glacier is melting and
makes the sea level increase. It will makes the island disappeared, coming of disaster,
disease, etc. (Rdk)

How does Rain Happen?

Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing
suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power
plants and crop irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle
involves the sun heating the Earth's surface water and causing the surface water to
evaporate. The water vapour rises into the Earth's atmosphere. The water in the
atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are
heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.

However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry
air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions.

How Chocolate is made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the
amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions,
especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree
produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's
seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are
shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to
bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities
and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat
nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are
ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However,
cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter
chocolate.

CANCER; Example of Explanation Text

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases.
Most of us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer
is the second leading cause of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations
can occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as:
nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat,
chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals,
evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may
start cancer.
Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are
about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result
in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can
multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and
form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune
system. Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or
the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.
(Simplified from:www.digital-recordings.com/publ/cancer.html)

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in several
regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages.
Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden
release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or
two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly. The
rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while, the rocks break because of
all the pressure that's built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.

During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue
to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus
of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.

How Cell Phone Work

A cell phone is a great gadget in this modern world. What is a cell phone? A cell
phone is actually a radio in certain way. Like a radio, by a cell phone we can
communicate to other people in real time. Million people use cell phone for their
communication. Even nowadays, people use cell phones to communicate in voice,
written and data. Alexander Graham Bell is the person who makes great change in the
way people communicate to each other. He invented a telephone in 1876. While
wireless radio was formally known in 18994 presented by Guglielmo Marconi. By
these two technologies, then a cell phone was born. However do you know how
actually cell phones work?

This short explanation on how a cell phone work is really wonderful. A cell phone or
in long term "cellular telephone' works by transmitting signals of radio to towers of
cellular. The towers are networked to a central switching station. The connection
usually uses wire, fiber optic-cables, or microwave.

Then the central switching station which handles calls in certain given area is directed
connected to the wire-based telephone system. Cellular are picked up by the towers
and relayed to another cellular telephone user or the user of wire-based telephone
network.

The towers vary in the capacity and capability to receive signals. Some can receive
the signal from short distance and the others can receive more distance. However,
there are usually more than one tower in certain given area so that the system can
handle the increasing telephone traffic.

How do seasons happen?

Seasons come to us regularly. We have probably noticed that it gets warmer in

summer or dry season while it get colder in the winter or wet season. However do we
know how these seasons change?

Seasons happen and change every year. This happens because the earth tilts back and
forth as it goes around the sun. During the summer, the earth tilts toward the sun. It
makes half of the earth hotter. This condition is what we call summer. During the
other half of the year, the earth tilts away from the sun. As a result, it makes that half
of the earth cooler. This cool condition is then what we call winter.

The different parts of the world have the same season at different times. In the
northern half of the world, winter happens during the months of December, January
and February. The regions are such North America and Europe. In the other hand, the
southern half of the world has winter during the months of June, July and August. The
regions are like South America and Australia. How does this difference happen? The
same season happens at different times because the top and bottom halves of the earth
tilt away from the sun at different times.