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Research and Analysis 2013 by the Numbers News
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Outreach Events Pardee RAND Graduate School
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nonpartisan
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to the
public
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RAND develops solutions
to public policy
challenges to help
make communities
throughout the
world safer and more
secure, healthier
and more prosperous.
Message from the Chair and the President
RAND tackles critical issues in security, health, education, sustainability, growth, and development—helping
people and organizations throughout the world devise solutions to the most vital public policy matters.
In 2013, with most of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act about to take full effect, RAND experts were
at the forefront of some of the biggest questions, projecting the long-term benefits of Medicaid expansion
and crafting plausible solutions to a projected shortage of physicians in the United States. When the
U.S. Department of Defense faced budget cuts such as the ones mandated under sequestration, RAND
experts were proposing alternative scenarios (and calculating projected savings) to accommodate such
reductions—and presenting their recommendations to policymakers. In the Middle East, when the use of
chemical weapons in Syria escalated a pervasive turmoil that has shown no signs of abating, RAND experts
were evaluating the risks of using U.S. and allied airpower to intervene. And while U.S. lawmakers debated
various measures intended to prevent military sexual assault, RAND was creating new ways to detect
sexual misconduct and recommending how to improve survivors’ access to physical and psychological care.
We are pleased to share with you these and many other highlights from the past year, each illustrating the
ways RAND develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world
safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous.
”
about 1 million men and women who are
providing care or have provided care for Many caregivers reported having
them.
military members or veterans who served insufficient time or energy to devote
in Iraq or Afghanistan. Caregivers include to parenting and feared those
spouses, children, and parents of military circumstances would have negative
members and veterans. consequences for their children.
As part of this project, caregivers shared This research is part of an ongoing, larger
firsthand insights about the challenges body of RAND work that will provide a
they face. Many of the wounded veterans more comprehensive understanding of
cared for by project participants had the needs of military caregivers and the
experienced a traumatic brain injury, gaps in services to support them.
Terri Tanielian
Senior Social Research Analyst
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 5
Effects of Deployments
on Military Marriages
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have risk of divorce among military couples,
been hard on U.S. military marriages, and the risk of divorce was higher for
with the risk of divorce rising directly hostile deployments than for nonhostile
in relation to the length of time service deployments.
members have been deployed to combat
These and other findings about the effects
zones, according to RAND findings
of deployments on marriage shed light
published in the Journal of Population
on how departments and agencies might
Economics.
better tailor resources to the specific
While researchers found that any needs of military families.
deployment increases the risk of divorce
among military members, the negative
consequences were higher for those
deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq.
6 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 7
The Era of Austerity?
What are the strategic and financial alternatives that military forces should weigh
as they strive to uphold high levels of security while cutting hundreds of billions
of dollars from defense budgets over the next decade? As decisionmakers confront
the budgetary realities of fiscal austerity, RAND is helping them understand the
risks and trade-offs.
“ The defense cuts
have been driven by the
need to reduce large
budget deficits—not by
a change in the nature
”
of external threats.
NATO and U.S. Strategies
In 2013, the boiling points for defense • pooling and sharing resources
budgets came after years of percolating • “leapfrogging”
to new capabilities
pressures that have spanned the by investing heavily in emerging
Atlantic Ocean. In the United States and technologies
throughout Europe, governments ran
• forming
ad hoc coalitions to conduct
the risks of imposing deep cuts without
missions beyond Europe’s borders F. Stephen Larrabee
applying deep thought to what should
• encouraging
Distinguished Chair in
be cut and why. According to F. Stephen Britain and France to
European Security
Larrabee, RAND’s distinguished chair in intensify their defense cooperation
European security, “If this uncoordinated • encouraging Britain and the southern
process of reduction continues, NATO alliance members (France, Italy,
risks losing critical capabilities that could and Spain) to assume primary
seriously erode the alliance’s ability to responsibility for managing crises
meet the security challenges it will face in in the Maghreb
the coming decade.”
• encouraging Germany to intensify its
A research team led by Larrabee proposed defense cooperation both with Poland
several measures to help the European to secure Eastern Europe and with
members of the NATO alliance arrest the Denmark and Sweden to secure the
sharp downward spiral of their defense Baltic region.
capabilities.
For NATO to retain its political
These measures, which all have their and military relevance, according to
own limitations, include the research team, austerity cuts
among the European allies must be
closely coordinated in the short run
and arrested in the long run. >>
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 9
“
It is not surprising that a debate is under way as to the future role of
America in the world, specifically regarding the size and characteristics
of the U.S. overseas military presence. If U.S. defense leaders can agree on their
highest global priorities, then the tough budgetary decisions will be easier to
”
make, and the highest priorities will more likely be served. Lynn E. Davis
Senior Political Scientist
10 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 11
Forces and Resources
By evaluating existing and emerging technologies, alternative force
structures, and workforce management policies, RAND helps maximize the
efficiency and effectiveness of military operations for the United States and
allied nations in an increasingly resource-constrained environment.
RAND IMPACT
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 13
“ The critical takeaway from this
study is that a significant number
of people working on the ground
in conflict zones are suffering from
these problems, and many of their
deployment-related health needs
”
are not being addressed.
The Well-Being of
Molly Dunigan Political Scientist
Private Contractors
For the past decade, private contractors have 2013. Sixty-one percent of those responding
been deployed extensively in conflict zones to the RAND survey were U.S. citizens; 24
throughout the world, supporting U.S. and percent were from the United Kingdom; and
allied forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well the rest were citizens of Australia, South
as foreign governments, nongovernmental Africa, New Zealand, and other nations.
organizations, and private businesses. These RAND’s is the first survey to examine a broad
contractors experience many of the same range of deployed contractors—not just those
traumas of war faced by military forces— who provide security services.
combat stressors known to have negative
Researchers found that among those
physical and mental health implications
surveyed, 25 percent met criteria for post-
for armed forces personnel. Unlike military
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18 percent
service members, however, many contractors
screened positive for depression, and half
don’t have access to mental health resources
reported alcohol misuse. A number of
before, during, or after deployment.
contractors also reported physical health
To find out how they are coping with the problems as a result of deployment, including
after-effects of working in a war zone, RAND traumatic brain injuries, respiratory issues,
surveyed more than 650 contractors who had back pain, and hearing problems. Although
deployed on contract to a theater of conflict most had health insurance, only 28 percent
at least once between early 2011 and early of those with probable PTSD and 34 percent
of those screening positive for depression
reported receiving mental health treatment in
the previous 12 months.
14 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
“ Our model will
allow the U.S. military
to understand the
workforce effects
of permanent
Helping the Military Improve Retention and compensation and
Manage Its Compensation System other workforce
policies during a
A 2013 RAND project outlines For example, the researchers analyzed transition period; the
advancements to a key modeling tool the effects of an important strategy that effects of temporary
that will allow the U.S. military to better could provide additional flexibility to
manage the size of the armed forces and its the military: Offer service members the
policies, such as
compensation system. option of either being “grandfathered” pay freezes; and the
under the existing policies, or switch
The Dynamic Retention Model is a state-of- effects of alternative
to the new compensation package.
the art modeling tool developed at RAND
Accurately capturing the effects of options transition plans, such
that has been used by the U.S. military to
like these on the makeup of the force
as grandfathering
”
support military compensation decisions to
requires understanding and modeling
sustain the all-volunteer force in the United
service members’ decisionmaking, one of versus ‘opt-in.’
States. While valuable, the tool had been
the technical challenges overcome in the
limited because it could only forecast the
new model.
retention and cost effects of policy changes
once fully phased in across the entire This research was made possible
workforce. by RAND’s Gene Gritton Award for
Innovation in Defense and National
But changes often are phased in, with
Security. This funding enables researchers
existing service members “grandfathered”
to pursue promising avenues of inquiry
under the policies they signed up for,
for which traditional client funding is
and new policies applied only to service Beth J. Asch
unavailable but that has the potential to
members who join after a certain date. Senior Economist
make substantial advances in policy and
The new research represents a major practice. The award honors Gene Gritton,
technical innovation that sets RAND apart former vice president of the RAND
in its ability to conduct analysis of potential National Security Research Division.
changes to compensation and retirement,
and to manage a force drawdown.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 15
International Affairs
RAND’s research and analysis in international affairs cover a multitude of issues—
from regional security and stability, global economies and trade, and space and
maritime security to diplomacy, nation-building, and more.
“ How these huge
issues are resolved
will depend largely
on how invested the
North Korean people
are in becoming one
with the South. In
Preparing for the Possibility
of a North Korean Collapse the divided Germany
of the late 1980s,
virtually all Germans
North Korea is a failing state that has South Korea and the United States
showed signs of instability for some time. almost certainly will need to militarily
thought they would be
A 2013 RAND report by senior defense intervene in the North, even if only to better off if unification
analyst Bruce W. Bennett describes many secure the delivery of humanitarian
aid and demobilize the North Korean
occurred. South Korea
of the possible consequences of a North
Korean government collapse, including military. South Korea and the United should be working
civil war in the North; the potential States also need to be prepared to deal
toward creating this
use and proliferation of the nation’s with North Korean security services,
chemical, biological, and nuclear including those operating the political same kind of feeling of
weapons; and even war with China. prisons—as it will be necessary to
solidarity between its
Failure to establish stability in North liberate North Korea’s estimated
people and those
”
Korea could disrupt the political and 120,000 or so political prisoners as
economic conditions in Northeast soon as possible to prevent what is of North Korea.
Asia and leave a serious power vacuum clearly a human rights disaster from
for a decade or longer. deepening further.
Bruce W. Bennett
Senior Defense Analyst
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 17
“
China’s market share of the
global production of critical
materials has grown dramatically
over the past two decades
from a strong position to an
Richard Silberglitt ”
Senior Physical Scientist
The U.S. economy, and especially its grown, it has instituted production controls,
manufacturing sector, is dependent on export restrictions, mine closings, and
the supply of raw and semi-finished company consolidations that have led to
materials used to make products. While two-tier pricing—which creates pressure
the United States has extensive mineral to move U.S. manufacturing operations
resources and is a leading global materials to China and contributes to strong price
producer, many materials critical to U.S. increases for these materials on the world
manufacturing are imported, sometimes market.
from a country that has the dominant
To mitigate the impact of these market
share of a material’s global production
distortions on the global manufacturing
and export. In 2013, RAND researchers
sector, researchers suggest the need for
identified 14 critical materials for which
actions that (1) increase resiliency to supply
production is concentrated in countries
disruptions or market distortions and
with weak governance, as indicated
(2) provide early warning of developing
by the World Governance Indicators
problems regarding the concentration of
published by the World Bank.
production.
China is the controlling producer of
This research is of significance not only to
11 raw materials critical to U.S.
a broad spectrum of organizations in the
manufacturing, nine of which have
materials and manufacturing sectors but
been identified as having high economic
also to government, private-sector, and
importance and high supply risk. As
nonprofit organizations involved with or
China’s market share and domestic
concerned about those sectors.
consumption of critical materials has
18 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
The Western Pacific
China views nearby U.S. sea power as a has and make its sea power less vulnerable
threat to itself, its regional aspirations, and by relying more on submarines; drones; and
its access to the world’s oceans, resources, smaller, elusive, widely distributed strike
and markets. So China is expanding its platforms. But the U.S. fleet would even then
sea power in East Asian waters, deploying be vulnerable to cyberattack. Therefore, the
advanced antiship missiles, submarines, analysis suggests, in parallel with making
cyberweapons, and other capabilities that its sea power more survivable, the United
threaten the U.S. fleet. The United States, States should propose an alternative to
however, will not relinquish its sea power, confrontation at sea: East Asian multilateral
which it sees as needed to maintain its maritime-security cooperation, with China
influence and stability in this vital region. invited to join. While China might be wary
that such a regional arrangement would be
Defending U.S. ships will prove difficult,
designed to contain and constrain it, the
expensive, and probably futile in the face
alternative of exclusion and isolation could
of China’s accelerating and well-funded
prompt China to join.
buildup, according to a 2013 RAND
analysis. The United States can exploit
technology more boldly than it previously
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 19
Turkish–Iranian Relations
20 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Syria
RAND IMPACT
Shortly after reports emerged that the
Syrian government had used chemical AFGHANISTAN In 2013, RAND resurgence of al Qaeda and other
weapons against opposition forces, RAND supported U.S. Special Operations militant groups in Afghanistan after
evaluated five options for using U.S. and Forces (SOF) by deploying analysts to 2014; this research was briefed at the
allied airpower to intervene in the Syrian Afghanistan and conducting research White House, at the departments of
civil war. back in the United States. RAND State and Defense, throughout the
Researchers concluded that destroying research explored policies necessary U.S. Intelligence Community, and to
or grounding the Syrian air force is to achieve unity across U.S. and other members of Congress. The work was
operationally feasible but would have only NATO SOF; analyzed key challenges used as input into several National
marginal benefits for protecting civilians, facing Afghan National Security Forces; Security Council Principals Committee
while protecting safe areas would amount developed tools that SOF could use for meetings that discussed U.S. options
to joining the war on the side of the supporting the coordination, integration, in Afghanistan after 2014, including
opposition. They also warned that any and sustainability of Afghan SOF; and troop levels, the possibility of civil war,
airpower intervention would involve assessed the effectiveness of SOF and prospects for economic growth.
substantial risks of escalating to greater targeting of insurgents. These efforts were just part of RAND’s
U.S. military involvement in Syria. program of analysis for the leadership
This research was used by U.S. and
of U.S. Special Operations Command.
The work was supported through other NATO leaders in their efforts to
A significant body of additional research
philanthropic contributions and improve SOF effectiveness, contributed
informed the development of the first
conducted within the RAND Center for directly to the priorities and plans of
Middle East Public Policy, which brings U.S. Global SOF Campaign Plan,
SOF commanders, and was influential
together analytic excellence and regional among other contributions.
in identifying and examining emerging
expertise from across RAND to address issues. In addition, RAND conducted
the most critical political, social, and
research for U.S. Special Operations
economic challenges facing the Middle
Command on prospects for the
East today.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 21
Health and Health Care
A substantial body of RAND research has focused on examining the cost
implications of healthy and unhealthy behaviors, with an eye toward promoting
health and preventing disease; evaluating existing and potential policies to
lower health care costs; and improving health system value, reducing waste,
and improving the quality of care.
“ Just because we
The Mapping Pathways consortium—
comprising RAND Europe, AIDS
Foundation of Chicago, Desmond Tutu
know that antiretroviral
HIV Foundation, NAZ India, AIDS drugs can prevent
United, and Bairds CMC—studied the
use of antiretroviral drugs in HIV/AIDS
HIV infection does not
prevention strategies. The consortium mean that we will, in
found that the scientific evidence on
practice, successfully
the drugs’ effectiveness is interpreted,
prioritized, and used differently in implement their use in
various local contexts.
communities that need
Research was conducted in South them. It is important
Africa, India, and the United States,
collecting the views of stakeholders from to make decisions on
community advocates to policymakers, prevention programming
and bringing these together with those
of multidisciplinary experts and findings that make sense locally,
from the latest scientific literature. for communities to map
With a foreword by Archbishop out their own, unique
”
Desmond Tutu, the 2013 publication
Mapping Pathways: Developing Evidence-
pathways.
Based, People-Centred Strategies for the
Use of Antiretrovirals as Prevention
HIV Prevention Strategies explains that antiretroviral prevention
strategies need to be crafted for success
at the local level before they can have
a global impact on eradicating the
The global fight against HIV/AIDS is far disease. Throughout 2013, workshops
from over. Worldwide, there are more in San Francisco, Washington, D.C.,
than 2 million new infections each and Atlanta have taken the report’s
Molly Morgan Jones
year. This “big picture” hides some insights forward in discussions with Senior Policy Researcher
fundamental differences in how the policymakers and practitioners,
infection, its treatment, and its prevention mapping out future scenarios grounded
are understood at the community and in local contexts.
country level.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 23
“ The economic
burden of caring
for people in the
United States with
dementia is large
and growing larger.
But people with Dementia’s Mounting Toll on the U.S. Economy
dementia do not get
significantly more The monetary cost of dementia in the The study provides a clearer picture of the
health care services United States ranges from $159 billion to economic burden caused by the disease
$215 billion annually, making the disease because it eliminates costs related to other
than other people. more costly to the nation than either heart illnesses suffered by dementia patients,
The real drivers disease or cancer, according to a 2013 RAND accounts for variations in the severity of
study published in the New England Journal of dementia, and uses a better estimate of
of the cost are Medicine. But the greatest costs are associated the incidence of the illness.
for nonmedical
”
with providing institutional and home-based
In 2011, President Obama signed the
long-term care rather than medical services.
care. National Alzheimer’s Project Act, which
The study, funded by the National Institute calls for increased efforts to find new
on Aging, is the most-detailed examination treatments, to provide improved care
done in recent decades on the costs of for those with dementia, and to track
dementia. the financial costs of dementia. RAND’s
findings underscore the urgency of federal
The prevalence of dementia increases
efforts to develop a coordinated plan to
strongly with age and the analysis suggests
address the growing impact of dementia
that the costs of dementia could more than
on American society.
double by 2040 if the age-specific prevalence
Michael D. Hurd rate of the disease remains constant as the
Director, RAND Center for population continues to grow older.
the Study of Aging
24 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
“ RAND’s findings offer good
evidence that lowering the
cost of nutritionally preferable
foods can motivate people to
”
significantly improve their diet.
Roland Sturm
Senior Economist
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 25
RAND IMPACT
“
with some modifications; as of
early 2014, Pennsylvania was The change allowing young people to remain on their parents’
considering expansion, also with
medical insurance is protecting young adults and their families
modifications.
from the significant financial risk posed by emergency medical
care. Hospitals are benefitting, too, because they are treating fewer
”
uninsured young people for emergency ailments.
26 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
“
could enable the system to operate
The solution to the shortage may require more efficiently without sacrificing
changes in policy, such as laws to expand the much revenue recovery for Medicare.
Congressional sponsors cited RAND’s
scope of practice for nurse practitioners and analysis when they introduced new
physician assistants, and changes in acceptance, legislation establishing such a reporting
floor, and that legislation was signed into
on the part of providers and patients, of new
”
law by President Obama in early 2013.
David I. Auerbach
models of care that rely less on doctors. Policy Analyst
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 27
Public Safety and Security
RAND helps improve policies related to public safety, including policing, law
enforcement, and corrections; drug policy; and homeland security. Our experts
use the best analytical tools and methods to develop objective policy solutions
and help strengthen public policy.
“ We found
a number of factors account for why some
ex-prisoners succeed and some don’t, a
lack of education and skills is one key
strong evidence that
reason. This is why correctional education correctional education
programs—whether academically or
vocationally focused—are a vital service
plays a role in reducing
provided in correctional facilities across recidivism. Our findings
the United States.
are clear that providing
But do such correctional education
inmates education
programs actually work? According to
senior policy researcher Lois M. Davis, programs and vocational
“The answer matters because we want training helps keep
ex-prisoners to successfully reenter
communities and because we have a them from returning
responsibility to use taxpayer dollars to prison and may
judiciously to support programs
improve their future
”
that are backed by evidence of their
effectiveness—especially during difficult job prospects.
budgetary times.”
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 29
RAND IMPACT
EUROPEAN CYBERCRIME
In 2013, the European Cybercrime
Centre (ECC) was established
within Europol, the European
Union’s criminal intelligence
agency, to be the focal point in
the EU’s fight against cybercrime.
The design and operational
approach of the ECC was based
directly on recommendations
from a RAND Europe study. Measuring Marijuana Markets
RAND Europe researchers
provided an assessment of the
nature, extent, and effects of
In 2013, two U.S. states—Washington and precise in describing their consumption. The
cybercrime in Europe, as well as
Colorado—moved ahead with unprecedented result: a more accurate estimate of the state’s
the capabilities of 15 of the EU
plans for legalizing marijuana, which marijuana market that was twice as large
member states’ computer crime
would permit the commercial production, as state officials had previously projected. The
units to combat it. They proposed
distribution, and possession of marijuana analysis is helping the state’s decisionmakers
and evaluated various options
for nonmedical purposes. To prepare for in numerous ways, including enabling them
for a pan-European, coordinated
regulating and taxing a new marijuana to make more informed decisions about the
cybercrime unit and helped EU
industry, Washington state needed number of licenses to distribute and to more
decisionmakers better understand
baseline information about the amount accurately project tax revenue. The project team
the operational and institutional
of marijuana consumed there and turned also was asked by the White House to estimate
costs of a coordinated unit, as
to RAND for help. Researchers took to the the size of the national marijuana market. They
well as location and governance
task by supplementing existing household briefed their results to the Office of National
considerations. The ECC is now
surveys with new data from a novel, web- Drug Control Policy and the Drug Enforcement
operating consistent with RAND
based consumption survey they designed Administration, and the findings were made
Europe’s recommendations.
specifically to help respondents be more public in early 2014.
”
previous efforts. Beau Kilmer
Codirector, RAND Drug Policy
Research Center
30 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 31
Education
Nations today have complicated education objectives—among them, nurturing
productive citizens, closing achievement gaps, improving underperforming schools,
and training and retaining highly skilled teachers. RAND provides state-of-the-art
policy research and analysis to governments, private foundations, and philanthropists
in the United States and around the world to help them meet such goals.
“ Summer learning
RAND researchers examined six school
districts in Boston, Cincinnati, Dallas,
Duval County (Florida), Pittsburgh, and
programs have the
Rochester, New York—districts that are potential to close
among the few large urban districts
offering voluntary, full-day programs for
the achievement gap
five to six weeks free of charge to large associated with the loss
numbers of elementary students each
of educational skills
summer. They then synthesized the key
lessons learned about how to establish during the summer
and sustain such programs.
months. But these
The most important steps school programs are often
districts can take to implement an
effective summer learning program are an afterthought or not
to begin planning at least six months offered at all, particularly
in advance and to include both district
and summer site leaders in the process. when education budgets
Because the costs of summer learning are tight. This research
programs sometimes are a barrier
to implementation, the researchers
provides districts with
recommend school districts design guidance on how to
programs with costs in mind. This
includes hiring staff based on projected
create summer learning
daily attendance rather than initial programs that could
number of enrollees, and restricting the
offer real benefits to
”
number of sites to control administrative
Summer Learning expenses. struggling students.
The study is the second in a series
providing the most comprehensive
Research shows low-income students research on summer learning to date,
suffer disproportionate learning loss over and is part of a five-year demonstration
the summer—and because those losses project funded by The Wallace
accumulate over time, they contribute Foundation to examine whether and
substantially to the achievement gap how summer learning programs can
between low- and higher-income children. stop summer learning loss and create
achievement gains. Catherine H. Augustine
Senior Policy Researcher
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 33
One approach that has proven effective in
other countries is explicitly linking funding
to well-defined quality measures and quality
assurance processes. While the 12th Five-Year
Plan discusses the importance of linking
quality improvement and funding, it does not
discuss how quality improvement should be
directed under a “steer and evaluate” approach
to governance.
India’s Challenge
Although there are few direct national
comparisons to India, RAND researchers
analyzed evidence from several countries that
India is seeking to improve the quality have dealt with issues of scale (such as China
of its higher education systems by and the United States), governance structure
giving greater autonomy to and asking (Brazil and the United States), and quality
for greater accountability from lower (in Europe and the United States). The study
levels of government (i.e., states and revealed a connection between successful
municipalities) and the higher education autonomous institutions and measures of
institutions themselves. India’s key policy quality that are aligned with national goals for
document for economic development higher education.
through 2017—the 12th Five-Year Plan—
Taking into account these lessons as well as
proposes a number of reforms to higher
India’s unique challenges, the research team
education to redirect the role of the
developed a seven-point course of action to
national government from “command
guide India’s higher education system toward
and control” to “steer and evaluate.”
the “steer and evaluate” model proposed by
the 12th Five-Year Plan.
”
improve overall education quality. Rafiq Dossani
Senior Economist
34 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS How well American students do practices from the research evidence. Through their various
in school is influenced by many factors. When it comes to what advisory roles with states, districts, and charter management
schools can do to help, teaching effectiveness has the largest organizations, they are helping to answer fundamental
impact. As a result, policymakers think that teachers should be questions raised by the new policies, including how to
evaluated, in part, based on how much academic growth they provide effective feedback to teachers to drive instructional
produce in their students. improvement, and when and how to use these measures in
personnel decisions, such as tenure and dismissal.
Over the past decade, RAND has conducted extensive
research on the strengths and weaknesses of various methods
of measuring teaching effectiveness, including those that rely
primarily on student achievement growth as measured by tests
and those that are based on direct measures of instruction using
structured observations. An important recommendation from this
work is for states and school districts to use multiple measures
when assessing teaching effectiveness that combine information
about achievement and practice along with other validated
sources of evidence, instead of relying exclusively on principal
judgments, as has been the norm for years.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 35
2013
By the Numbers
1,700 Staff
Our people bring a diverse range
of professional and educational
experiences and cultural
backgrounds to their project teams.
47 Countries
People 65 Languages
Many of our people are multilingual.
With locations in North America and Languages spoken include Arabic,
Europe, RAND attracts top talent from Chinese, Japanese, Korean, French,
almost four dozen nations. German, Russian, and Spanish.
57
Arts & letters (3%)
Other (1%)
Bachelor’s (5%) Other (1%)
Behavioral sciences (9%)
Social sciences (11%)
% Master’s
(29%)
Political sciences
(7%)
Business & law (5%)
sciences (5%)
Well over half our research staff of ~800 JD (1%)
Math, operations Engineering (8%)
hold one or more doctorates—and another MD (7%) research, statistics
29 percent hold one or more master’s Doctorate (6%) International relations
(57%) Life sciences
degrees—in a vast array of disciplines. (9%) (9%)
7.5M
Web Downloads
590 New Projects
Through more than 1,700 projects (including
32.5K
Twitter Followers
almost 600 new ones), RAND provides
research services, systematic analysis, and
innovative thinking to a global clientele.
350
Clients and Grantors
ideas 350 Reports
We added more than 350 publications and
We performed work for more than
350 clients and grantors, including more than 625 journal articles to our growing
government agencies, international library—13,000 and counting—of reports,
organizations, foundations, podcasts, videos, tools, and commentary,
and others. all downloadable on www.rand.org.
38 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Kenneth R. Feinberg chief of staff, deputy director of the Office of
Management and Budget, and administrator
Kenneth R. Feinberg was also elected of the U.S. Small Business Administration.
to the board. Feinberg, founder and He was U.S. ambassador to the Court of St.
managing partner of Feinberg Rozen, LLP, James’s from 1997 to 2001. He is currently
is a lawyer and one of the nation’s leading chairman of WPP plc, the global advertising/
experts in mediation and alternative communications services firm that includes
dispute resolution. He has served as J. Walter Thompson, Ogilvy & Mather, and
the administrator of the BP Deepwater Young & Rubicam, among other companies
Horizon Disaster Victim Compensation in 110 countries.
Fund, special master for the Troubled
Asset Relief Program (TARP) executive
compensation, special master of the Sheila C. Bair
September 11th Victim Compensation RAND’s newest trustee, Sheila C. Bair, a
Fund, and special master of the Agent finance and banking expert with a long
Orange Victim Compensation Program. history of public service, joined the board
Feinberg was designated Lawyer of the in April 2014. Bair chaired the Federal
Year by the National Law Journal in Deposit Insurance Corporation from
2004. He is a member and former chair 2006 to 2011 and remained as a director
of the RAND Institute for Civil Justice through 2013. Among her other public
Board of Overseers, and is also the service, she served as assistant secretary for
founding chair of RAND’s new Center financial institutions at the U.S. Treasury
for Catastrophic Risk Management and Department, acting chairman of the U.S.
Compensation (see page 40). Commodity Futures Trading Commission,
and research director and counsel to former
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 39
Lloyd Dixon that many students will address while at
RAND and in their subsequent careers,
In 2013, RAND established the Center including HIV/AIDS, mental health, obesity/
for Catastrophic Risk Management nutrition, end-of-life care, patient safety,
and Compensation. The center, led by homelessness, domestic violence, health
senior economist Lloyd Dixon, seeks to care cost and efficiency, medical manpower,
identify and promote laws, programs, and social networks. In addition to a large
and institutions that reduce the adverse body of work in the United States, he has
financial effects of natural and man-made worked extensively in Africa, Latin America,
catastrophes. Researchers are focusing on and the Middle East.
three broad areas: compensation for losses
following catastrophic events; performance
of insurance markets for catastrophic Martin Roland
risk; and identifying and preparing for the In 2013, the Professorship of Health
financial impacts of catastrophic risks. Services Research, a position held by
The center’s advisory board, chaired by Martin Roland CBE at the University
RAND trustee Kenneth Feinberg, consists of Cambridge, was retitled the RAND
of thoughtleaders who represent major Professorship of Health Services
corporations, the judiciary, academia, Research in recognition of the successful
government, and the legal profession. collaboration between the University of
The center will be funded through a Cambridge and RAND Europe to develop
combination of philanthropic contributions a center of excellence and innovation in
from advisory board members, project- health services research. The Cambridge
specific contributions, and traditional Centre for Health Services Research was
grants and contracts. established in 2009 and is codirected by
Roland and Ellen Nolte, director of the
40 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND IMPACT
Willis Ware, a pioneer at RAND, passed away in 2013 at the He was the recipient of numerous honors, including the
age of 93. Ware was an electrical engineer who in the 1960s Computer Pioneer Award from the IEEE Computer Society,
predicted the ubiquity of the personal computer, the ways a lifetime achievement award from the Electronic Privacy
it would propel people into lives of perpetual change, and Information Center, and a Pioneer Award from the Electronic
the perils it would pose for personal privacy. Much of Ware’s Frontier Foundation. In 2013, he was inducted into the
research focused on the use of computer technology by both the National Cyber Security Hall of Fame.
military and society at large. In 1966 he wrote: “The computer will
touch men everywhere and in every way, almost on a minute-to-
minute basis. Every man will communicate through a computer
whatever he does. It will change and reshape his life, modify his
career, and force him to accept a life of continuous change.”
Ware was among the crew during the late 1940s that built the
IAS computer at Princeton University, which was one of the first
electronic computers. The IAS computer is among a handful of
projects credited with the dawn of the computer age and the
design of the IAS computer was widely copied.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 41
Outreach
The scholarly objectives of
expanding knowledge, illuminating
issues, and developing new ideas
are only a first step in RAND’s
mission to help improve policy and
decisionmaking through research
and analysis. We also strive to
reach key decisionmakers and the
broader public to enrich the
quality of public debate.
you can also subscribe to the digital edition. Martin Libicki | presented before the House
Foreign Affairs Committee, Subcommittee
on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats |
March 21, 2013
42 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND is committed
to making
our research
RAND findings and analysis are available
through published reports and commentary
by RAND researchers; through The
accessible to
RAND Blog, our weekly Policy Currents
e-newsletter, and our topical e-newsletters people throughout
for legislative audiences; through coverage
by media outlets around the world; through the world.
social media outlets such as Facebook,
Twitter, and YouTube; and via our new and
improved website.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 43
Events
RAND events inform and inspire debate on timely
policy issues, offering a unique opportunity for
intellectual fellowship, community engagement, and
high-level deliberation of important policy matters.
44 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
(Clockwise from left) Author and radio and
talk show host Tavis Smiley presented at the
Pardee RAND Graduate School’s inaugural
Summer Faculty Workshop in Policy Research
and Analysis; Roberta Wilson attended the
dedication of the James Q. Wilson Collection,
which recognizes the life and legacy of her
late husband, longtime Pardee RAND board
member and RAND trustee James Q. Wilson;
Naveena Ponnusamy, executive director of
development, hosted a donor appreciation event
in Santa Monica; senior political scientist
Peter Chalk (shown with Tasha C. Enemark),
spoke about maritime piracy after a special
advance screening of Captain Phillips at Sony
Pictures Studios for RAND supporters; the
RAND Center for Middle East Public Policy
hosted a visit by Admiral Amichay Ayalon,
former director of the Israel Security Agency,
shown in discussion with Brian Michael
Jenkins, a terrorism expert and senior advisor
to the RAND president.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 45
Pardee RAND
Graduate School
Founded in 1970 as one of
eight graduate programs
created to train future
leaders in public policy,
the Pardee RAND Graduate
School is the only program
specializing exclusively in
the Ph.D., and the only one
based at a public policy
research organization. The
student body represents
diversity in work experience;
academic training; country of
origin; and race, gender, and
ethnicity. For both RAND and
the Pardee RAND Graduate
School, this diversity
promotes creativity, deepens
understanding of the
practical effects of policy, and
ensures multiple viewpoints
and perspectives are heard in
the classroom and beyond.
46 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 47
“ I have long believed that RAND’s collection of
activities—commissioned client research projects, public
outreach and engagement, and graduate education—has
colossal power that we can leverage even more effectively
to benefit the public good. No other organization does all
”
three things at the level we do.
Michael D. Rich
President and CEO, RAND Corporation
48 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
The Pardee RAND
Graduate School is
producing the next
generation of policy
leaders who will
help keep RAND at
the forefront of
innovation.
Frederick S. Pardee contributed $3.6 million to create According to Dean Susan L. Marquis, “Fred Pardee’s
the Pardee Initiative for Global Human Progress and to generous gift will seed projects that help those in developing
support the graduate school’s endowment. The initiative countries—many from which our students originate—and
draws on the talent and innovation of Ph.D. candidates also help researchers develop new approaches to problem-
and RAND research staff while advancing RAND’s work solving. Our students are interested in doing fieldwork in
in international development. Africa and Asia, on topics such as food security; higher
education; and how to shape cities as engines of innovation,
“I care about future generations—making sure that
growth, and development.”
individuals live, with dignity, in a safe, sustainable, and
secure world,” says Pardee. “I’m particularly interested Fred Pardee worked as an economic analyst at RAND from 1957 to 1971.
in what’s in store for humankind over the next 35 to After leaving RAND, he founded a privately held investment firm that owns
and operates apartment complexes in and around Los Angeles. In 2001, he
200 years. We must create innovative, multiregional
donated $5 million to RAND to create the RAND Frederick S. Pardee Center
solutions for a range of social and economic challenges. for Longer Range Global Policy and the Future Human Condition. Later,
The Pardee RAND Graduate School trains the best in 2003, he donated $10 million to support the RAND Graduate School’s
endowment for core student support. The gift allowed the graduate school
and brightest students from throughout the world to to expand, and today more than 100 students are pursuing their Ph.D.’s in
confront the big issues.” policy analysis. The school was renamed in Fred Pardee’s honor in 2003.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 49
James R. Burgdorf
The Pardee RAND Graduate
School awarded its 300th
Ph.D. in policy analysis
to James R. Burgdorf in
September 2013. Burgdorf
is now working as a staff
researcher in family and
preventive medicine at the
University of California,
San Diego. His dissertation,
“Labor Market Outcomes
300
50 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
BE THE ANSWER
Leadership Contributors
$3.6M $100K–$499K
Frederick S. Pardee Hagopian Family Foundation,
Mary Ann & Kip Hagopian
$1M–$2.5M
Ann McLaughlin Korologos
The Estate of Doris Dong
Nancy and Dana G. Mead
Jim Lovelace
Paul H. and Nancy J. O’Neill
Donald B. and Susan F. Rice
John S. and Cynthia Reed
Anne and James F. Rothenberg
Foundation
$500K–$999K Maxine and Eugene S. Rosenfeld
Colene and Harold Brown The SahanDaywi Foundation
Marcia and Frank C. Carlucci
The Speyer Family Foundation
David I.J. Wang
“ When we see how successful the School has been at attracting top talent
from around the world, and what a significant part scholarships play in that
effort, we feel genuinely enthused about making these gifts. We know we’re
making a difference, in the lives of these students, in strengthening the
”
School, and, over time, in the world at large.
Donald B. and Susan F. Rice
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 51
Investing in We rely on philanthropic
People and Ideas support to reach
In 2013, gifts from donors beyond the scope of
enabled RAND to fund innovative
research projects on critical client-sponsored work
issues in national security, health,
education, sustainability, growth, to tackle questions
and development. Here are
that may be too big, too
highlights from three.
complex, or too new for
our clients to address.
52 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Saving Big Health Care Dollars
Relentless growth in health care costs is perhaps America’s
most critical domestic policy challenge. For decades, gridlock
has stalled some of the more-sweeping measures proposed to
address health care cost growth, such as tort reform, pay-for-
performance, and changes to Medicare or Medicaid eligibility.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 53
Supporting Talent
Philanthropy supports distinguished chairs for outstanding researchers recognized as world-class among
peers. Distinguished chairs—listed below—pursue bold, new ideas; help deliver RAND’s findings and
recommendations to influential audiences; and mentor junior policy analysts.
Air and Space Policy Health Care Quality Paul O’Neill Alcoa Professorship
Natalie W. Crawford Eric C. Schneider in Policy Analysis
(vacant)
Education Policy Health Care Services
Rebecca Herman Robert H. Brook Policy Analysis
Susan L. Marquis
Education Policy International Economic Policy
V. Darleen Opfer Krishna B. Kumar Samueli Institute Chair in Policy
for Integrative Medicine
European Security (emeritus) International Economics
Ian D. Coulter
F. Stephen Larrabee Charles Wolf, Jr.
Statistics
Health Care Payment Policy Labor Markets and
Marc N. Elliott
Cheryl L. Damberg Demographic Studies
James P. Smith
RAND also uses philanthropic support to engage individuals who have recently completed
distinguished government or other policy analysis service as fellows who contribute to RAND
research activities and the development of our research practices and talent.
Inspiring Ideas
54 R A N D C O R P O R AT I O N A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 13
Policy Circle
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 55
Gifts—Making a Difference
RAND’s Investment in People and Ideas program combines
philanthropic funds from individuals, foundations, and private-sector
firms with earnings from RAND’s endowment and operations to
support research on critical issues that reach beyond the scope
of traditional client sponsorship.
56 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Michael M. Lynton $10,000–$24,999 Reinsurance Association of America
William E. Mayer Anonymous Paul D. Rheingold
Bonnie McElveen-Hunter Goran Ando Hector de J Ruiz, Ph.D.
Dana G. Mead Ambassador Barbara M. Barrett Hasan Shirazi
Steve Metzger Ambassador Frank and Kathy Baxter Snell & Wilmer LLP
Michael G. Mills Marcia Bird Southern California Permanente Medical Group
Ed Mullen Compliance Strategists LLC Sharon Stevenson
The NAREIT Foundation Brad D. Brian Mary-Christine (M.C.) Sungaila
National Council on Compensation Insurance Alan F. Charles The Gail and Lois Warden Fund
Y&S Nazarian Family Foundation Cooperative of American Physicians, Inc.
Gwendolyn and Peter Norton Natalie W. Crawford
$5,000–$9,999
Christopher J. Oates Michael Critelli Anonymous
Thomas Perrelli Deloitte Consulting LLP Odeh F. Aburdene
Anne E. Rea Dickstein Shapiro LLP Ampco-Pittsburgh Corporation
The Real Estate Roundtable David T. Feinberg George N. Chammas
William J. Recker A. Frederick Gerstell Citibank
John J. Rydzewski Peter H. Griffith, Ernst & Young Global Limited Margery A. Colloff
Leonard D. Schaeffer Hagopian Family Foundation, Mary Ann & Richard J. Danzig
Lucille Ellis Simon Foundation Kip Hagopian Ed and Connie Engler
Douglas J. Smith Edwin E. Huddleson Karen Wolk Feinstein, Jewish Healthcare Foundation
State of Missouri Department of Social Services Robert and Ardis James Foundation Joe and Janus Greer
Joseph P. and Carol Z. Sullivan Henry Luce Foundation, Debra Knopman Daniel Grunfeld
U.S. Chamber of Commerce John H. O. La Gatta Estate of Olaf Helmer
Enzo Viscusi, ENI Terry F. Lenzner William and Linda Hernandez
Roberta Weintraub and Ira Krinsky David A. Lubarsky Henry and Elsie Hillman
Michael G. Zamagias Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP Karen Elliott House
Robert B. Oehler Roy A. Hunt Foundation
Paul H. and Nancy J. O’Neill William H. Hurt
Pepper Hamilton LLP
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 57
Palmer G. Jackson $1,000–$4,999 Mary Jane Digby
Paul G. Kaminski Anonymous Ann Dugan, Institute for Entrepreneurial Excellence
Iao Katagiri Dorothy and Allan Abrahamse Allison Elder and Tom Reinsel
Philip and Linda Lader Yılmaz Argüden, ARGE Glenn A. Ellis
Michael and Alice Leiter Susan Woods Barker Mr. and Mrs. David Epstein
Arthur and Marilyn Levitt Ginger and John T. Barnard Sari and Aaron Eshman
Admiral James M. Loy Russell Belinsky Jo Ann and Julian Ganz, Jr.
Kent and Martha McElhattan Michael Beltramo and Jane Spiegel Herbert Gelfand
Patricia and Richard Minter Mei and Robert Bickner Robina Gibb
Morley Builders Andrew Bogen Harry M. Goern
Jane and Ronald L. Olson Bill Bohnert William Goldstein
Kathleen Flynn Peterson Kharlene and Charles Boxenbaum Arthur N. Greenberg
Michael D. Rich and Debra Granfield Brent and Linda Bradley Susan and Alan Greenberg
Stephen G. Robinson Vicky J. Brilmyer, The Hillman Company James A. Greer
Cindy and David Shapira Steven D. Broidy Gene and Gwen Gritton
Sierra Investment Mgmt., Inc. James L. Brown Scott Harris, Mustang Marketing
Kenneth W. Slutsky Carole King and Chip Burke Jay J. Hellman
Marjorie and Robert Templeton Ann W. and Frank V. Cahouet Bud Heumann and Patricia Rosenburg
Suzanne S. and Michael E. Tennenbaum John Carson Jeffrey Hiday
Darlene and James A. Thomson Jacqueline and Andrew Caster Katie and Phil Holthouse
Thomas T. Tierney Louis M. and Sarah Jane Castruccio Marsha Drapkin Hopwood
Christine Jack Toretti Thomas J. Christensen Walter J. Humann
Winnie Wechsler and Jeffrey Wasserman Carl and Neala Coan Christopher William Ince, Jr.
The Winston Foundation Kollyn Kanz and Daniel Cody Victor G. Jackson
Thomas D. Wright Lovida H. Coleman, Jr. Ralph T. Jones
David and Claudia Zuercher George W. Collins Robert W. Kampmeinert
58 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Spencer H. Kim John Edward Porter Gifts were given in honor
David Konheim Molly Larsen Pratt of the following
William Kovacic Irma Quintana and David Bigelow Natalie W. Crawford
Lindsey Kozberg Samantha Ravich Erin Egloff
Rini and Arthur D. Kraus John Riordan Guilford and Diane Glazer
Karen J. Kubin Louis Rowell Health Sciences Group and Robert Brook, MD
H.F. Lenfest Henry and Beverly Rowen Paul and Julie Kaminski
Hugh Levaux Shari Saidiner Low-income students
Anne Lewis Margaret Schumacher RAND alumni
Don and Bev Lewis Ralph and Shirley Shapiro TeleMED-Haiti
Leon S. Loeb Abe Shulsky
Cori and Richard Lowe Ken and Marinette Simon Gifts were given in memory
Donna G. Mariash Victoria and Barry Simon of the following
Paul Marks Ted J. Slavin John W. Ellis, Jr.
Susan L. Marquis and Christopher J. Thompson The H. Russell Smith Foundation William B. Graham
Linda G. Martin Roberta Jean Smith, Matrix Planning, Inc. Larry Hill
William M. Matthews Jed Snyder Mike Hix
Randolph McAfee The Sidney Stern Memorial Trust Robert Judson
Thomas D. Michael Larry S. Stewart Peter Kezirian
Jimmy and Cheryl Miller Michael Traynor Kevin N. Lewis
Newton N. Minow Karen and Gregory Treverton David Ravich
Joel R. Mogy Wesley and Marianne Truitt Nikki Shacklett
Edward R. Muller and Patricia E. Bauer John and Andrea Van de Kamp Gus Shubert
William A. Owens Paul A. Volcker Palmer Van Dyke
Mary E. Peters Tracy and Hui Wang Robert J. Young
John David Pinder Harold W. Watts
Naveena Ponnusamy Weingart Foundation
Arnold and Anne Porath Linda Tsao Yang
Daniel Yun
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 59
RAND Advisory Boards
Members of RAND advisory boards support RAND and enrich our
research initiatives by adding their diverse experience, perspective,
and knowledge to our efforts to improve public policy. Our advisory
boards include distinguished individuals in the public and private
sectors who have demonstrated leadership and a commitment to
transcending partisan conflicts and political ideologies.
Pardee RAND Graduate School RAND Center for Asia Pacific RAND Center for Catastrophic Risk
Board of Governors Policy Advisory Board Management and Compensation
Advisory Board
Pedro José Greer, Jr., M.D. (Chair) G. Chris Andersen
Kakha Bendukidze Stephen A. Fuller Kenneth R. Feinberg (Chair)
Faye Wattleton
E x O fficio
Michael D. Rich
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
60 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND Center for Corporate RAND Center for Global RAND Center for Health and
Ethics and Governance Risk and Security Safety in the Workplace
Advisory Board Advisory Board Advisory Board
Larry Zicklin (Chair) Tod Hullin (Chair) Christine Baker
Donna Boehme Robert Abernethy Connie Bayne
Lovida H. Coleman, Jr. Harold Brown Eric Frumin
Robert Deutschman Albert Carnesale John Howard, M.D.
Robert P. Garrett Carl Covitz Lucinda Jackson
Robert J. Jackson Jacques Dubois Cameron Mustard
Jack Jacobs Henry Kissinger Jeff Shockey
Matthew Lepore Peter Norton Kimberly Tum Suden
Arthur Levitt Ronald Simms James R. Weigand
Bradley Lucido Todd M. Wilcox Ken Wengert
Lawrence F. Metz Matt Wollman Frank White
Justin M. Miller Mike Wright
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
Cindy Moehring
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
Christopher Petitt
Paul N. Roth
Kenin Spivak
Steve Strongin
Richard Thornburgh
Robert L. Watkins
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 61
RAND Center for Middle East RAND Health Board of Advisors David M. Lawrence
Public Policy Advisory Board Steven Lazarus
Karen L. Katen (Chair)
Frank Litvack
Stephen Hadley (Chair) John J. Rydzewski (Vice Chair)
Steve Metzger
Odeh F. Aburdene Joseph P. Sullivan (Chair Emeritus)
Edward J. Mullen
Nancy A. Aossey Goran Ando
Mary D. Naylor
William F. Benter Otis Webb Brawley
Paul H. O’Neill
L. Paul Bremer Colleen Conway-Welch
Bradley A. Perkins
Alexander L. Cappello Michael Critelli
Scott C. Ratzan
George N. Chammas Susan G. Dentzer
Sir Michael Rawlins
Marc Ginsberg Mary Kay Farley
David K. Richards
Guilford Glazer David T. Feinberg
Marshall A. “Tom” Rockwell
Ray R. Irani Michael W. Ferro, Jr.
Leonard D. Schaeffer
Ann Kerr-Adams Jonathan E. Fielding
Gail L. Warden
Zalmay Khalilzad Robert G. Funari
William C. Weldon
Sharon S. Nazarian Pedro José Greer, Jr.
Ronald A. Williams
Younes Nazarian Karen Hein, MD
Phyllis M. Wise
Christopher J. (“C.J.”) Oates Susan Hullin
Christopher Petitt Suzanne Nora Johnson AS OF DECEMBER 2013
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
62 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
RAND Institute for Civil Justice Michael G. Mills RAND Justice, Infrastructure, and
Board of Overseers Malini Moorthy Environment Advisory Board
Kenneth J. Paradis
Robert S. Peck (Chair) Ellen M. Hancock (Chair)
Kathleen Flynn Peterson
Dan C. Dunmoyer (Vice Chair) S. Ward Atterbury
Andrew J. Pinkes
Richard E. Anderson Lovida H. Coleman, Jr.
Paul M. Pohl
S. Jack Balagia, Jr. Margery A. Colloff
Arturo Raschbaum
Brad D. Brian Janet Crown
Anne E. Rea
James L. Brown A. Frederick Gerstell
Paul D. Rheingold
Kim M. Brunner Scott M. Gordon
Dino E. Robusto
Robert A. Clifford Gerald Greenwald
Lee H. Rosenthal
Christine M. Durham Leslie Hill
John F. Schultz
Kenneth R. Feinberg Stephen F. Hinchliffe, Jr.
Hemant H. Shah
Richard W. Fields Frank L. Holder
Mary-Christine (“M.C.”) Sungaila
Deborah E. Greenspan Reginald L. Jones, III
Tom Tucker
Robert W. Hammesfahr Gerald L. Kohlenberger
John R. Tunheim
Patrick E. Higginbotham Terry F. Lenzner
Georgene M. Vairo
James F. Kelleher Douglas J. Smith
Dennis P. Wallace
Carolyn B. Kuhl John K. Van de Kamp
Lynne M. Yowell
Susan L. Lees
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
Consuelo B. Marshall
Robert E. McGarrah, Jr.
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 63
Oversight Boards
These are the oversight boards for the federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) at
RAND, all three of which are sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense. FFRDCs are nonprofit entities
FFRDC
that assist the United States government with scientific research, analysis, and development.
Arroyo Center Policy Committee RAND National Defense Research USAF Project AIR FORCE Steering Group
Institute Advisory Board
GEN John F. Campbell (Co-Chair) Gen Larry O. Spencer (Chairman)
Katherine Hammack Frank Kendall (Chair) Daniel B. Ginsberg
Mary Sally Matiella Tom Allen Lt Gen Michael R. Moeller
Heidi Shyu (Co-Chair) Arthur “Trip” Barber Lt Gen Burton M. Field
GEN Daniel B. Allyn Reginald Brothers Lt Gen Michael J. Basla
GEN Robert W. Cone Bonnie M. Hammersley Lt Gen Charles R. Davis
GEN Dennis L. Via Mona Lush Lt Gen Stephen L. Hoog
Karl F. Schneider James Miller Lt Gen Judith A. Fedder
LTG James O. Barclay III Brad Millick Lt Gen (Dr.) Thomas W. Travis
LTG Howard B. Bromberg Benjamin Riley Lt Gen Robert P. Otto
LTG Charles T. Cleveland Philip Rodgers Lt Gen Samuel D. Cox
LTG Robert S. Ferrell Matthew Schaffer Jacqueline R. Henningsen
LTG Michael Ferriter Pat Tamburrino Maj Gen Richard C. Johnston
LTG Patricia D. Horoho Nancy Spruill (Executive Agent) Maj Gen Garrett Harencak
LTG James L. Huggins, Jr. AS OF DECEMBER 2013
Maj Gen David W. Allvin (Executive Agent)
LTG William E. Ingram, Jr. James J. Brooks (Executive Agent)
LTG Mary A. Legere
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
64 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
PRESIDENT’S COUNCIL
Harold Brown
Frank C. Carlucci
Marcia Carlucci
RAND Europe is an independent, not-for-profit subsidiary of the RAND Corporation, Rita E. Hauser
with offices in Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Brussels, Belgium. Frederick S. Pardee
Jerry Speyer
RAND Europe Council of Advisors
Donald B. Rice
Michael D. Rich (Chair)
Susan F. Rice
Paul Adamson OBE
Sir John Boyd KCMG David K. Richards
Lord Crisp KCB James F. Rothenberg
Philippa Foster Back OBE
Charles J. Zwick
Susan Hitch
David Howarth
Frank Kelly CBE FRS
Lord Kinnock PC
Gunvor Kronman
Philip Lader
Michael Portillo
AS OF DECEMBER 2013
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 65
Clients and Grantors
U.S. Government National Institutes of Health National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of National Science Foundation
Administrative Office of the United States Courts Child Health and Human Development Office of the Director of National Intelligence
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau National Cancer Institute Social Security Administration
Department of Defense National Center for Complementary United States Agency for International Development
Defense Security Cooperation Agency and Alternative Medicine
Defense Threat Reduction Agency National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Non-U.S. Governments, Agencies,
Department of the Air Force National Institute on Aging
and Ministries
Department of the Army National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
Medical Research Acquisition Activity and Alcoholism Arab Administrative Development Organization
66 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
State of Qatar Commonwealth of Massachusetts Foundations
Cultural Village Foundation (Katara) District of Columbia
Aetna Foundation
Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute Department of Health
The Lance Armstrong Foundation
Qatar National Food Security Programme State of Delaware
Atlantic Philanthropies
United Arab Emirates State of Hawaii
California HealthCare Foundation
Abu Dhabi Education Council The Research Corporation of the University
of Hawaii Carnegie Corporation of New York
Abu Dhabi Police General Headquarters
State of Louisiana The Commonwealth Fund
Court of the Crown Prince, Abu Dhabi
Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration Communities Foundation of Texas
United Kingdom
State of New Mexico The Community Foundation for Greater New Haven
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
The Delle Foundation
Department of Health
Colleges and Universities Doha International Institute for Family Studies and
Highways Agency Development
HM Revenue and Customs American College of Emergency Physicians Elizabeth Dole Foundation
HS2 (High Speed Two) Carnegie Mellon University European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials
Ministry of Defence Columbia University Medical Center Partnership
Ministry of Justice Dartmouth College European Programme for Integration and Migration
National Institute for Health Research Harvard University The Ford Foundation
Public Health England Indiana University Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Loyola Marymount University Graham Boeckh Foundation
National University of Singapore Howard Heinz Endowment
International Organizations Pennsylvania State University The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
United Nations World Food Programme Qatar University The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
World Bank Research Foundation of The City University of Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
New York MacArthur Foundation
Tilburg University, CentERdata
U.S. State and Local Governments Macmillan Cancer Support
University of Arizona McCormick Tribune Foundation
State of California University of Arizona, Tucson New York State Health Foundation
California Energy Commission University of Arkansas Ploughshares Fund
Commission on Health and Safety and Workers’ University of California
Compensation Qatar Foundation
University of California, Los Angeles Qatar National Research Fund
Department of Industrial Relations
University of California, San Diego The Rockefeller Foundation
Department of Water Resources
University of Maryland Rosenberg Foundation
California Municipal Agencies
University of Michigan Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Los Angeles County
University of Pittsburgh Spencer Foundation
Los Angeles County Probation Department
University of Southern California The Stanton Foundation
The Superior Court of California—County of San
Francisco Vanderbilt University Wallace Foundation
Yale University Wellcome Trust
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 67
Industry Professional Associations Institute for Healthcare Improvement
Integrated Healthcare Associates
Aetna American Association of Colleges of Nursing
International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie)
American Academy of Family Physicians American Medical Association
Kaiser Foundation Research Institute
Asian Development Bank Association of American Medical Colleges
The Kearny Alliance
BOTEC Analysis Corporation
Kentucky Valley Educational Cooperative
Brown and Caldwell Other Nonprofit Organizations
Korea Institute for Defense Analyses
Econometrica, Inc. American Institutes for Research
Merck Childhood Asthma Network, Inc.
Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. American Society of Anesthesiologists
The MITRE Corporation
The Export-Import Bank of Korea America’s Health Insurance Plans Foundation
National Academy of Sciences
General Electric Arkansas Tobacco Settlement Commission
National Bureau of Economic Research
GlaxoSmithKline Beaver Valley Intermediate Unit
National Education Association
Guardians of Honor, LLC Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
National Institute on Money in State Politics
Health Services Advisory Group Blue Shield of California
New Jersey Hospital Association
HNTB Corporation California Mental Health Services Authority
New Leaders for New Schools
IMPAQ International Center for Court Innovation
Public Policy Institute of California
Institute for Mobility Research Children’s Hospital Boston
Region IX Education Cooperative
Inter-American Development Bank Children’s National Medical Center
Samueli Institute
James Bell Associates Collaborative Spine Research Foundation
Seattle Children’s Research Institute
Juniper Networks College Bound
SEDL
KeyLogic Systems, Inc. College for All Texans Foundation
Stockholm Environment Institute
Khalifa Fund for Enterprise Development Community Care Behavioral Health Organization
Taos Pueblo
Mathematica Policy Research Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
The Urban Child Institute
MWH Americas Economic Mobility Corporation
Vera Institute of Justice
NC Healthcare Innovation, LLC ECRI Institute
The Water Institute of the Gulf
NuStats Educational Testing Service
Wounded Warrior Project
PepsiCo Inc. Green Dot Public Schools
Philips Lifeline HelpMeSee Inc.
Policy Studies Associates, Inc. Himalayan Cataract Project
Reckitt Benckiser Homeboy Industries
Resolution Economics
Risk Management Solutions
Silatech
SurveyMETER
TeleTracking
Truven Health Analytics
WellPoint Health Network Inc.
68 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
SENIOR LEADERSHIP
Melissa Rowe
Jeffrey Wasserman
Vice President, Global Research Talent
Vice President and Director, RAND Health
Debra Schroeder
Vice President, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary
Margaret Schumacher
Executive Director (Acting), Office of External Affairs
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 69
Additional Reading
To find out more about the 2013 research and activities highlighted on pages 4–35, see the following or visit www.rand.org
Service Members, Veterans, A New Tool for Assessing Workforce Management “Nurse-Managed Health Centers and Patient-
and Their Families Policies Over Time: Extending the Dynamic Centered Medical Homes Could Mitigate Expected
Retention Model, Beth J. Asch et al., RAND Primary Care Physician Shortage,” David I. Auerbach
Military Caregivers: Cornerstones of Support Corporation, 2013 et al., Health Affairs, Vol. 32, No. 11, November 2013
for Our Nation’s Wounded, Ill, and Injured Veterans,
Terri Tanielian et al., RAND Corporation, 2013
International Affairs Public Safety and Security
“Gone to War: Have Deployments Increased
Preparing for the Possibility of a North Korean Collapse, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional
Divorces?” Sebastian Negrusa et al.,
Bruce W. Bennett, RAND Corporation, 2013 Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide
Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 27,
Education to Incarcerated Adults, Lois M. Davis
published online September 1, 2013
Critical Materials: Present Danger to U.S. et al., RAND Corporation, 2013
Manufacturing, Richard Silberglitt et al., RAND
Physical and Psychological Health Following
Corporation, 2013 Before the Grand Opening: Measuring Washington
Military Sexual Assault: Recommendations for Care,
State’s Marijuana Market in the Last Year Before
Research, and Policy, Coreen Farris et al.,
Sea Power and American Interests in the Western Legalized Commercial Sales, Beau Kilmer et al.,
RAND Corporation, 2013
Pacific, David C. Gompert, RAND Corporation, 2013 RAND Corporation, 2013
“Enemy Within: Military Sexual Assault Inflicts
Turkish-Iranian Relations in a Changing Middle Effective Policing for 21st-Century Israel, Jessica
Physical, Psychological, Financial Pain,” Coreen
East, F. Stephen Larrabee and Alireza Nader, Saunders et al., RAND Corporation, 2013
Farris et al., RAND Review, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2013
RAND Corporation, 2013
70 R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13
Photo Credits
AP IMAGES Page 30 (top) — A man pulls out a bag of marijuana to fill NATO
Page 5 (upper left) — Army Staff Sgt. Nicholas Lanier at his a pipe at the first day of Hempfest in Seattle, WA. (AP Photo/ Page 9 and cover — Nation flags outside a summit meeting
home in Hinesville, GA. A combat veteran and father to four, Elaine Thompson) in Baden-Baden (NATO)
he can’t remain in the military because of a serious back
Page 32 and contents — A child at work in a classroom.
injury, but he can’t yet accept a civilian job because PRISONEDUCATION.COM
(Dominic Lipinski/Press Association via AP Images)
he doesn’t know when the military will discharge him. Page 29 (left) — Damian Thomas, Andre Pierce, and Jason
(AP Photo/Stephen Morton) Page 33 (left) and cover — Allie Wilkes hammers a nail at Peters take part in an English class offered by Wesleyan
the Rebuilding Hope summer camp in Henderson, NC. University for inmates at Cheshire Correctional Institute
Page 7 — Nichole Bowen, right, formerly of the U.S. Army,
(AP Photo/The Daily Dispatch, Wes Hight) in Cheshire, CT. Inmates interested in the course had to
who identified herself as being a survivor of sexual assault
undergo a rigorous admissions process to get into the class.
during her time in military service, listens to a question as
ARMY.MIL (Christopher Capozziello for The New York Times)
she meets with reporters in Seattle about the issue of sexual
assault in the military. At left is U.S. Sen. Patty Murray, Page 4 and cover — Staff Sgt. Timothy Bailey of the North
D-Wash., who has introduced the Combating Military Sexual Dakota Army National Guard kisses his daughter as he is SPERTUS
Assault Act of 2013. (AP Photo/Ted S. Warren) greeted by his family upon his return. (DoD photo by Senior Page 39 — Kenneth R. Feinberg
Master Sgt. David H. Lipp)
Page 8 — A U.S. Marine Corps CH-46 Sea Knight helicopter U.S. AIR FORCE
flies into the fog over the ocean off San Diego, CA. Page 13 (right) — Soldier. (U.S. Army)
Page 11 — U.S. Air Force Master Sgt. Kelvin Miller, right,
(AP IMAGES/Mike Blake)
Page 15 (left) — 1st Cavalry conduct presence patrol assigned to the 386th Expeditionary Logistics Readiness
Page 13 (left) and cover — Lt. Col. Benjamin Bishop, the around FOB Fenty. (Sgt. Margaret Taylor, 129th Mobile Public Squadron, reviews the contents of a mobility bag to check for
422nd Test and Evaluation Squadron director of operations, Affairs Detachment) accountability of all items at the 386th Expeditionary Theater
completes preflight checks before his first sortie in an Distribution Center at an undisclosed location in Southwest
F-35A Lightning II at Eglin Air Force Base, FL. (U.S. Air Force GETTY IMAGES Asia. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Courtney
photo by Samuel King Jr./Rex Features via AP Images) Richardson/Released)
Page 56 (James Lauritz/Photographer’s Choice RF)
Page 16 and cover — North Korean soldiers salute during CHARA WILLIAMS/FOTOLIA
JOANNA ANTHONY
a military parade at Kim Il Sung Square. (AP Photo/Kim Page 53 (top left)
Kwang Hyon) Page 65
FOTOLIA
Page 19 — Soldiers stand on guard on the Chinese aircraft COURTESY SHEILA C. BAIR
carrier Liaoning heading for south China’s Sanya city at Page 6; page 17 (left); page 24 (right); page 25 (left); page
Page 39 (right)
a military port in Qingdao in east China’s Shandong province. 26; page 27 (top); page 28; page 34 (top); page 35; page 52;
(Photo By Zhang Kai/Color China Photo/AP Images) page 53 (bottom right); page 58 (right); page 59 (left);
DIANE BALDWIN
page 61 (left); page 62 (right); page 63 (left); page 63
Page 20 — Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Page 3; page 5 (bottom right); page 9 (right); page 10; (middle) and cover
center left, is accompanied by Iran’s First Vice President page 15 (right); page 17 (right); page 23 (right); page 24
Eshagh Jahangiri during an official welcoming ceremony (left); page 25 (right); page 27 (bottom); page 29 (right);
iSTOCK
in Tehran, Iran, January 29, 2014. (AP Photo/Ebrahim Noroozi) page 30 (bottom); page 33 (right); page 34 (bottom);
Page 12
page 38 (left); page 39 (bottom); page 40; page 44
Page 22 and cover — Dr. Lisa Sterman prescribes Truvada (left and top); page 45; pages 46–51; page 55; page 57; Page 21 — Smoke rises across Aleppo, Syria, in October
off-label for about a dozen patients at high risk of developing page 58 (left and center); page 59 (center and right); 2012. (Ugurhan Betin/iStock)
AIDS. In June 2013, U.S. health officials said the drug is page 60; page 61 (right); page 62 (left); page 63 (right)
an option for preventing infection in people who inject illegal
SHUTTERSTOCK
drugs. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu) WIN BOERCKEL
Page 14
Page 43; page 44 (bottom right)
Page 23 (left) and cover — Samastha, a USAID-funded
organization, will provide HIV and AIDS prevention, THINKSTOCK
care, and treatment programs and services to vulnerable DAVID GALEN
Page 18; page 31
and affected populations in 12 highly prevalent districts Page 38 (right)
in India’s southern states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
(AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi)
R A N D C o r p o rat i o n A nn u a l R e p o r t 2 0 13 71
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