NAME…………………………………………………………………….. ADM NO …...........……………….

SCHOOL …………………………………………………………………. CLASS ……..…………………..

DATE ……………………….
231/2
BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
PAPER 2
TIME : 2 HOURS

END OF YEAR EXAM-2022

FORM THREE EXAM
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. (K.C.S.E)

BIOLOGY
(THEORY)
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name, class, and Adm number in the spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
 Answer all questions in Section A.
 In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8.
 This paper consist of 9 printed pages.
 Students should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated
and that no questions are missing.

For examiner’s use only

Sectio Question Maximum score Candidate’s score
n
1 8
2 8
A 3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7/8 20
Total score 80
 SECTION A (40 MARKES)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
1. A ripe banana was mashed into paste. Distilled water was added and a mixture put into a visking
tubing which was tied tightly at both ends. Visking tubing was placed in a beaker containing iodine
solution as shown below

The set up was left to stand for one hour

a) Fill in the table below to show results obtained after the hour (2mks)
Extract inside the visking Iodine solution in the beaker
tubing
Colour at the beginning of Cream Brown
experiment
Colour at the end of
experiment

b) What process is being investigated? (1mk)

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c) Account for the colour observed at the end of the experiment
i) Inside the visking tubing (2mks)
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ii) In the beaker (2mks)
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d) What is the visking tubing equivalent to in a living cell. (1mk)
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2. The diagram below represents a structure used for gaseous exchange in woody plant

a) Name the structure labeled A and B (2mks)

A____________________________________________
B______________________________________________
b) Name the gases marked by arrows X and Y (2mks)
X_______________________________________
Y_______________________________________
c) Give the function of the structure labeled B (1mk)
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d) Name the physiological process that results in the production of gas X in the plant tissues
(1mk)
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 e) Why does low oxygen concentration in the soil result in reduced mineral ion absorption by root
hair cells of plants (2mks)
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3. Proteins are present in a balanced diet. They are broken down into amino acids. The body cannot
store amino acids and so any excess amino acids are metabolized as shown below

a) Name the process S and T stating the organ in which each occurs
(4mks)
Process NAME ORGAN
S
T

b) Describe the path of how urea is transported to the site of removal from the body (2mks)
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c) State the type of respiration shown giving reasons to explain your answer (2mks)
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4. a) i) State two reasons why clot formation is important when blood vessel is cut (2mks)
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ii) Explain what happens if a clot forms in a blood vessel in the head (2mks)
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b) Name two components of a diet that are needed in blood clotting (2mks)
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c) Name two proteins that are involved in clot formation (2mks)
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5. a) Give the difference between the following structures in wind and insect pollinated flower (3mks)

Insect Wind
i) Anther

ii) Pollen grains

iii) Stigma

b) What is the importance of cross pollination (1mk)

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c) State two processes which occurs during anaphase of mitosis (2mks)
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d) What is the significance of meiosis? (2mks)
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6. In an experiment on respiration the rate of carbon (IV) oxide production in a pea seedlings was
recorded under different temperature conditions as shown in the table below
Temperature Volume of carbon (IV) Oxide produced cm3
0
C
Time 0hr 1st hr 2nd hr 3rd hr 4th hr 5th hr 6th hr 7th hr
30 C0
0.0 9.0 13.5 20.5 22.5 23 24.5 25
350C 0.0 8.0 16.0 24.5 25.5 26 27.5 28.5
40 C
0
0.0 12.5 23.5 29.5 26 18.5 10.5 6.5
a) Using the same axes plot a graph to show carbon (IV) oxide production at each temperature against
time (8mks)

b) i) What is the optimum temperature for the respiration in this experiment (1mk)
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ii) Give a reason for your answer in b(i) above (1mk)
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c) i) Explain the shape of the graph when temperature was maintained at 400c between (i) 0hr and 3rd
hr (1mk)
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ii) 3rd hr and 7th hr (2mks)
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d) Name two other products other than carbon (IV) oxide in the germinating seedling (2mks)
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e) What happens to the carbon (IV) oxide in the germinating seedling (2mks)
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f) Other than temperature give three other conditions that influence the physiological process under
investigation (3mks)
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7. Explain how the following organisms are adapted to their mode of feeding
a) Herbivores (10mks)
b) Carnivores (10mks)
8. Explain factors which regulates population growth in an ecosystem (20mks)
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