Report

AMBO MINERAL WATER S.
C 2021
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (HIT)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICA ENGINEERING
HOSTING COMPONY: AMBO MINERAL WATER
DURATION OF INTERNSHIP FROM SEPT 1 UP TO OCT 30
PREPARED BY:
GROUP NAME ………………………………………………………... ID

1. Dagaga Demelash…………………………………………………..3793/10
2. Daniel Shule ………..………………………………………………….3807/10
3. Fayera Mitiku……………………………………………………………3904/10
4. Robera Bedada………………………………………………………….4422/10
5. Yohannis Mechal……………………………………………………….4678/10
Advised By: Mr Addis
Submitted Date: Nov 11/2021
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AMBO MINERAL WATER S.C 2021
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this report is completed by Team ambo mineral water which is based on
practical work experience and a comprehensive study of the existing activities of Ambo mineral
water share company .this internship program last for four months which is from sept to octo30
This report is our original work and does not breach any existing copy right .we have prepared it
for the academic purpose of Bachelor of mechanical Engineering degree which require work
experience.
Name of Advisor Signature
MR. ADDIS A.
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ACKNOWLDEGMENT
First I would like to say thanks to God who makes me powerful and strength during internship
to success my project. Second, I would like to thank my supervisor Mr.Moti for making me
confident and initiative to do my training on time and give me orientations about the project to
do easily.
Third, I would like to thank my advisor Mr.Addis A. for advising me to be innovator and push me
to create new idea in the daily activities and for the success of my project in brief way.
Fourth, I would like to thanks all the company employers for their assistant to do my specific
section on the production section of the company and other workers of the company for their
willingness to help me in the progress of my project and support me by explaining about any job
in the company and told me the working principles of machines. At the last time I would like to
thanks my friends who support me by their brief ideas.
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ACRONYM
Abbreviation Full name
AMWS.C……………………………………. (Ambo mineral water Share Company)
MEA………………………………………….. (Mono ethanolamine)
AMWF…………………………………… (Ambo mineral water filtration)
PET…………………………………………. (Polyethylene Terephthalates)
RGB……………………………………… (Returnable glass bottle
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report is the internship report which is prepared on Ambo mineral water S.C and has five
chapters. The first chapter contains introduction, brief history of the company, product and
services of the company, including its vision, mission and objectives, organization structures, and
production processes .chapter two, about overall experiences of internship, the section of the
company we have been working in, the work piece and task we have been executing and
procedure while performing task.
Chapter three, discuss about challenges and experience of internship: benefits, challenges,
experience that we gained from the internship, the method we used to overcome the challenges
that we faced at the site of the project and the skill we get from the internship. Chapter four,
describes about waste water treatment methods and the way we used to do this task and recycle
it for use .The fifth chapter describe conclusion and recommendation for Ambo mineral water s.c
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List of table
Table 1 Sample softy drink and its’ monthly production .............................................................................. 4

Table 2 the main consumers of Ambo mineral water product ..................................................................... 5
Table 3 Hardness of water ........................................................................................................................ 14
List of Figure
Figure 1.3 main product of ambo mineral water ........................................................................................ 4

Figure 1.4 the main consumers of ambo mineral water products .............................................................. 5
Figure 2.3.1 Carbodioxide production plant ................................................................................................. 9
Figure 2.3.1.4 A. Degassing tank and B. sedimentation tank ..................................................................... 13
Figure 2.5.1.2 Chain conveyor .................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2.6 Washer machine ........................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 2.6.1 washer machine………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...30
Figure 2.6.1 Filler machine ......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2.6.1.2 Filler machine ...................................................................................................................... 22
Figure2,6.2 labeler machine....................................................................................................................... 24
Figure2.6.2.1 labeler machine .................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.6.3 packer machine ....................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 2.6.3.1 construction of packer machine .......................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.6.5crate washer machine.............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 2.6.8 Boiler ....................................................................................................................................... 31
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Table of content
Acknowldegment ......................................................................................................................................... iii

Acronym ....................................................................................................................................................... iv
Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................... v
Chapter One .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background Of Ambo Mineral Water Share Company ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Objectives Of The Company ................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2.2 Specific Objective ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Main Products Or Services Of Ambo Mineral Water Factory ............................................................. 3
1.4. Main Consumer Of Ambo Mineral Water Products........................................................................... 5
1.5 Over All Organization And Work Flow .............................................................................................. 6
Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Over All Internship Experience ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Objective Of The Internship .............................................................................................................. 7
2.2 How To Get The Company And Acquired Skill .................................................................................... 7
2.3 Working Section Of The Company .................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Raw Material Used In Ambo Mineral Water Factory ................................................................... 8
2.3.1 Production Of Carbon Dioxide ..................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1.2 Collection Of The Water...................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1.3 Section Of Water Flow ........................................................................................................ 11
2.3.1.4 Water Treatment Methods ................................................................................................. 11
2.3.1. 5 Cooling The Water ............................................................................................................. 13
2.3.1.4 Carbonation Of The Water .................................................................................................. 13
2.4 Softening Of The Water .................................................................................................................... 13
2.5 Room Of General Bottling Production Line....................................................................................... 14
2.5. 1 Rgb (Returnable Glass Bottle) Line............................................................................................ 14
2.5.1.1 Conveyor System ................................................................................................................ 15
2.5.1.2 Chain Conveyor ................................................................................................................... 16
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2.5.1.3 Main Component Of Carrier-Chain &Flat-Top .................................................................... 17

2.6 Bottle Washer Machine .................................................................................................................... 18
2.6.1 Filler Machine............................................................................................................................. 21
2.6.1.2 Main Component Of Filler Machine.................................................................................... 22
2.6.2 Labeler Machine......................................................................................................................... 24
2.6.3 Packer And Unpacked Machines................................................................................................ 26
2.6.4 Lender\Mixer Machine .............................................................................................................. 29
2.6.5 Crate Washer ............................................................................................................................. 30
2.6.7 Air Compressor........................................................................................................................... 30
2.6.8. Boiler ......................................................................................................................................... 31
2.6.9 Procedure Used While Performing ............................................................................................ 31
2.6.9.1 Challenges I Faced While Performing My Work Tasks ........................................................ 32
2.6.9.2 Measures Taken For The Challengs I Faced ........................................................................ 32
2.7 The Work Piece Of Executed ............................................................................................................. 33
2.6.7.1 Maintenance Procedure.................................................................................................... 33
Capter Three ............................................................................................................................................... 35
Overall Benefit Of Internship ...................................................................................................................... 35
3.1 Improving Practical Skill .................................................................................................................... 35
3.2 Upgrading Theoretical Knowelage .................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Developing Enterpersonal Communication Skills ............................................................................. 36
3.4 Improving Team Play Skill ................................................................................................................. 36
3.5 Improving Leadership Skill ................................................................................................................ 37
3.6 Understanding Work Ethics And Related Issues ............................................................................... 37
3.6.1 Personal Ethics ........................................................................................................................... 38
3.6.2 Professional Ethics ..................................................................................................................... 38
3.7 Entrepreneurship Skill ....................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................................... 39
Conclusion And Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 39
4.1 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 Recommendetion.............................................................................................................................. 39
References .................................................................................................................................................. 41
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CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Ambo Mineral Water Share Company
Ambo mineral water factory is one of the oldest factories with its shoa zone, at Ambo town
special place called Senkele. one hundred twenty kilometer (120) far from west of capital city
Addis Ababa and 5 km from Ambo town.
History has documented that the foundation of Ambo Mineral Water goes back to 1923. The
main reason behind the selection of the place by the Imperial Government of Ethiopia was not
only because of its beautiful climate but also, due to the presence of the thermal spring water.
Based on the information from the documents, Ambo thermo mineral spring water was bottled
and secretly sent to the palace. “The secret was however, revealed when the water was publicly
tabled to ambassadors and dignitaries who came to celebrate the coronation day of Emperor
Haile Selassie 80 years ago, in 1930,” the documents are written.
In a rare natural gift, the mineral water flowed directly from the source to the plant. “The water
has its own natural carbonation. The factory was established in 1941 G.C as public enterprise in
Ambo town at the time to produce ambo mineral water only. Originally the factory was not
placed at Senkele but because of health security, in 1970 G.C the factory is transferred to Senkele
and until 1972 G.C planting factory was going on. The company covers 93,103msq at Senkele.
From the beginning the company was public enterprise, but in 2009 G.C the factory has partially
given to the private.
Currently, the government has a share 33% and 67% of the factory’s product is on the hand of
the private. To precede its work the factory has 590 permanent employees and around 55 other
daily workers. The company water product plant was designed to produce 14,400bottles/hr.
The product of the factory is distributed in local market and export market in Africa, Asian and
European countries. Mainly the company produce ambo mineral water and recently it begin to
produce sweat drinks like appeal and pine appeal or jiva in general. The source of Ambo Mineral
Water is a thermo-mineral spring, rich in natural calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium,
bicarbonates and carbon dioxide. The water originates in a volcanic fissure which then peculates
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through mountainous terrain eventually being tapped at the springs in AmboSenkele.
Figure 1 Ambo mineral water factory
Ambo comes from the Ethiopian highlands a unique part of the world It is recognized as the
leading beverage of Ethiopia, a true ‘Ethiopian Icon’. It is popularly consumed during and after
meals as a digestive, also popularly consumed as a thirst quenching ‘soft-drink’ or as a discerning
mixer, specifically with whiskey.
The growing demand for Ambo Mineral water both locally and abroad has resulted in new
investments in capacity and packaging variations. The product and pack range has been extended
to include convenience packaging in plastic bottles, as well as new products, ‘Ambo lite’ (lower
carbonation and mineralization) and ‘Ambo flavored water.
Ambo natural mineral water is a natural mineral water that is born from a unique climate and
natural environment. The Ambo mineral water has the most successful brand name in Ethiopia
and in the international market. Hence, Ambo mineral water has managed to carve up its own
niche with quality that has proved irreplaceable in countries such as the Middle East, North
America, Australia, Sweden, South Africa, Djibouti and the like. Finally, the Ambo Mineral Water
manufacturing plant had two lines which have a total production capacity of 14,400 per hour.
The two old lines were renovated and another new line was installed. The new line alone has a
production capacity of 24,000 bottles per hour the share company has 3,607,000 shares with a
total value of 300,607,000 birr

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY

1.2.1 General objective
 To produce and deliver consistent high quality of Ambo mineral water.
1.2.2 Specific Objective

 To increase the production capacity
 To increase the other soft drink production
1.3 MAIN PRODUCTS OR SERVICES OF AMBO MINERAL WATER FACTORY
The growing demand for Ambo both locally and abroad has resulted in new investments in
capacity and packaging variations. our product and pack range has been extended to include
convenience packaging in plastic bottles, as well as new products Ambo flavored water’ (Orange,
Apple, Pineapple, Lemon-lime). The classic Ambo Originating in the Ethiopian highlands, Ambo is
the leading beverage of Ethiopia, a true ‘Ethiopian Icon’. Now available in a new redesigned bottle
with embossed logo and a new cork. Available in:
 475 ML returnable glass

330 ML non-returnable glass
Ambo Mineral Water introduces a new and exciting line of flavored Ambo. Currently
available refreshing fruit flavors, Jiva Orange, Jiva Cola, Tropical, Strawberry, Apple,
Pineapple, Lemon-lime Jiva ginger, and Jiva raspberry.
Available in:
 250 ML PET
 500 ML PET
 1 Lit PET
 2 Lit PET

Figure 1.3 main product of ambo mineral water
Its main service

Basic communication systems, social services and other facilities are available to
facilitate the various activities of the Company. Transportation facility is a
satisfactory. Others infrastructures include;
 A well-built store
 Comfortable residential houses
Table 1 Sample softy drink and its’ monthly production

Types of soft drink Average production in month
Ambo mineral water 6,77,000L
Jiva orange 90,000L

Pine apple 80,000L

1.4. MAIN CONSUMER OF AMBO MINERAL WATER PRODUCTS

Ambo water is the oldest Mineral water in Ethiopia, still serves with the same fresh and dynamic
excellence from the Company in the Country. The company has many customers in abroad of
Ethiopia. Fortunately for Ambo Mineral Water Share Company, the market has not
been that challenging. This is because of the South Africa Brewery (SAB) investors had established
market link before they come to Ethiopia. They come here with that market access.
Figure 1.4 the main consumers of ambo mineral water products
Table 2 the main consumers of Ambo mineral water product
Europe America Africa Middle east Canada

 England  California  Djibouti  Saudi  Toronto
 Sweden  Las Vegas  Sudan Arabia
 New work  Kenya  UAE
 Denver  South
 Washington Africa
DC

1.5 OVER ALL ORGANIZATION AND WORK FLOW

Ambo Mineral Water Share Company has two main categories to precede its work. These are
general manager in Finfine and technical manager at Senkele. General Manager follows the
general work and the technical manager manages technical and product at the Senkele. The
overall organization and work flow of the company can be shown as follow;
Plant
General
Manager
Executive secretary
Human resource Finance Technical Quality

manager Manager Manager control
and
Mechanical Electrical safety
General Cost and
Personal supervisor superviso
Account Budget
supervisor r
supervisor supervisor
Production
General Service Manager
supervisor Store Manager Sales
Manager
Market Production
Sales
manager supervisor
production
Chart 1 Management structure of the company

CHAPTER TWO
OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE INTERNSHIP
Encourage students to improve both theoretical knowledge and practical skill.
 To increase the likelihood of building professional networking contacts and mentoring

relationships.
 To harness students potential and sharpen their skills to enable them to beef up the
tomorrow group’s manpower requirement.
 Maturing available and experienced job applicants when seeking employment after
graduation.
2.2 HOW TO GET THE COMPANY AND ACQUIRED SKILL

The internship program is arranged by Haramaya Institute of Technology University when I am
fourth year at the second semester. Before I got in the company I first met the guards and they
took me to the general technical manager. Then, I give a letter provided by department of
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering to the general technical manager of Ambo Mineral Water.
Then I am allowed to enter the company as per the curriculum structure of Haramaya institute
of technology University mechanical Engineering Department. As I have been arrived to the
company, firstly I have introduced myself to the general mechanical and Electrical technical
director of the company.
At the first day I visited the company as a whole and start my original work by communicating
with supervisor from the company to work in mechanical department of technical manager which
sit at Senkele. In the company under technical manager in mechanical department, I have
generally see how to control the product, maintain instrument, installing certain machine and
services. Generally, I have been gotten so many experiences like practical scale up, up grading
theoretical skills, develop the habit of the communicating, and adjust my selves with industrial
atmosphere and leadership ability from the internship program.
2.3 WORKING SECTION OF THE COMPANY

In my stay in the company, we have been working in the technical and product section especially
in the mechanical department. This section has many elements like mechanical, electrical,

chemists, biologists and many machine operators and daily workers. 3 Production process of
ambo mineral water
2.3.1 Raw material used in ambo mineral water factory

The raw material for Ambo mineral water is
 natural spring water and

 carbon dioxide
For flavored drinks
 Sugar
 fruit flavor (citric acid) and
 Sodium benzoate
2.3.1 Production of Carbon dioxide

The main devices used to produce carbon dioxide are boiler, washing tower, absorber tower,
heat exchanger MEA pump, compressor, dryer, Potassium permanganate and refrigerator. The
main raw material for the production of carbon dioxide is fuel (kerosene, butane, etc…). The fuel
first burns in the inner boiler. The boiler which is designed for this purpose has an inner fire tube
and an outer water tube. After the kerosene burned in the boiler, it enters the washing tower
where the burned air is washed out.
The air is washed and cleansed from any dirt by means of ring and enters to the absorber tower.
The absorber tower absorbs carbon dioxide from the washed air by means of a Chemical called
Mono ethanolamine (MEA). MEA has the properties of sticking and leaving carbon dioxide at
specified temperature; for instance,
 at low temperature (30-40oc), it sticks carbon dioxide, the required one

 At high temperature (120-130oc), it leaves carbon dioxide to the air.
Industrial production: Industrial carbon dioxide can be produced by several methods, many of
which are practiced at various scales. In its dominant route, carbon dioxide is produced as a side
product of the industrial production of ammonia and hydrogen. These processes begin with the
reaction of water and natural gas (mainly methane).
Carbon dioxide is used to produce carbonated soft drinks and Ambo mineral water. Traditionally,
the carbonation in beer and sparkling wine came about through natural fermentation, but many
manufacturers carbonate these drinks with carbon dioxide recovered from the fermentation
process. In the case of bottled and kegged Ambo mineral water, recycled carbon dioxide
carbonation is the most common method used. Ambo mineral water bottles use carbon dioxide

(CO2) to maintain carbonation in the filling operation and to blanket the pre-mix tank prior to
the filling operation. Microorganisms can be present in the CO2 piping and can lead to
contamination of the product.
Sterile filtration can be employed in these applications to prevent the introduction of microbial
contaminants, such as molds and bacteria, via the CO2.The concentration of CO2 in air and in
stack gases from simple combustion sources (heaters, boilers, and furnaces) is not high enough
to make carbon dioxide recovery commercially feasible.
Producing carbon dioxide as a commercial product requires that it be recovered and purified
from a relatively high-volume, CO2 rich gas stream, generally a stream which is created as an
unavoidable byproduct of a large-scale chemical production process or some form of biological
process. In almost all cases, carbon dioxide which is captured and purified for commercial
applications would be vented to the atmosphere at the production point if it does not recover
for transport and beneficial use at other locations.
The most common operations from which commercially-produced carbon dioxide is recovered
are industrial plants which produce hydrogen or ammonia from natural gas, coal, or other
hydrocarbon feedstock and large-volume fermentation operations in which plant products are
made into ethanol for human consumption, automotive fuel or industrial use.
Breweries producing beer from various grain products are a traditional source. Corn-toethanol
plants have been the most rapidly growing source of feed gas for CO2 recovery.
CO2 Production Plants: Compact, simple to operate and maintain, high Performance CO2
Generators run from low Sulphur content diesel, kerosene or natural gas.They are fully automatic
and use a low concentration, aqueous Mono ethanolamine solution to efficiently and safely
produce highest quality gaseous CO2.
Figure 2.3 .1 Carbodioxide production plant

CO2 generators can be engineered to operate from low sulphur content diesel, kerosene or
natural gas fuels. A set of comprehensive installation and operation manuals is supplied to ensure
installation as well as future operation and maintenance is carried out efficiently and correctly.
The main point of CO2 plant is to produce CO2 for the company. There is the input and output of
the station
Oil gas + Oxygen +Electric Power =CO2
The component which used to produce the products:
Burner: in burner an oil gas comes from storage and inter to the burner, then the electric power
and oxygen by using nozzle which is used to produce the high pressure and pump or circulate the
gas on the electrode that makes a fire with oxygen. Then the fire makes hot smoke which smoke
then inter to boiler.
Boiler: is used to produce CO2 and give hot for MEA
Striper: is used to transfer water for absorber and used to wash the product (CO2) by using caustic
soda and water.
Absorber: to wash CO2 by using mono ethanolamine.
Heat exchanger: is used to exchange heat between water and MEA. Cooler: it used to cool the
hot air (gas) which comes from the heat exchanger.
Compressor: is used to extract the gas quickly for the diffusion of the gas in to the line. Purifier:
is used to purify CO2 by using potassium permanganate and soda ash.
Drier: to dry CO2 by using mono cooler (silica) and there is heater which is used to dry the gas.
Activate carbon cylinder: used to activate CO2 by giving good sense.
Liquid fire: this machine is used to cool CO2 as a suitable to store, and also used to cool CO2 by
using Freon gas as suitable to store.
Storage: is the container used to store CO2 as liquid form.
Heater (evaporator): heater is used to evaporate the liquid gas when we want for production.
Cooling Tower: a cooling tower is a heat exchange system that removes waste heat from process
system fluid, usually water.

2.3.1.2 Collection of the water

The water is used for the production on bottled Ambo Mineral Water is obtained from two bore
holes which near the factory at Senkele. The bore holes have depth of about 144.5m and 129.5m
below ground level respectively.
The water that has been pumped by submersible pump from the bore holes firstly goes to
degasification tank. The water is pumped with help of submersible pump which is installed at
about 60 meters and 70meters.
2.3.1.3 SECTION OF WATER FLOW
Bole hole degassing Sedimentation tank
Water treatment
Water for production

Softener tank
Solid filter tank

Boiler For Washing
Buffer or Storage tank Manganese green sand tank
RGB PET Activated carbon tank
2.3.1.4 Water Treatment Methods

A. Degasification
Water is showered through perforated pipe in the degassing tank and carbon dioxide and other
gases are separate from the water. Some residue and sludge will be formed in the filtration tank
from the water and this should be cleaned once in three weeks. After degasification half of the
water goes to sedimentation tanks for storage and sediment formation of suspended particles
and the rest is passed to water softening plant
B. Sedimentation

In the sedimentation thanks some of the suspended particles will settle at the bottom of the
tanks. The tanks are filled with water turn by turn and the water is allowed to stay 2:00 to 3:00
hours for settling of suspended particles before it is passed to other treatment section. Each
tank has a capacity of 30,000 liters and the six storage tanks accumulate a total of 180,000 liters
of the water. During production the water is pumped from only a tank at a time. The others are
reserved tightly closed. After daily production and during interruptions the pump is stopped
and the water inlet and outlet values are closed.
C. Filtration by sand
The water that comes from sedimentation tanks passes through sand filter from top to bottom
where most of the residual and suspended matter is filtered from the water. The sand filter
has got four layers of sand and gravel.
D. Manganese green (oxidation of iron) filter
The water that has been filtered by sand is passed to manganese green filter tank. The count of
iron present in the water is reduced to minimum level by converting some of the soluble state of
iron to insoluble state of oxide with the help to chemical substance meant for the purpose. The
insoluble sediment of iron is filtered by filtering sand present in the tank.
E. Activated Carbon filtration or De-chlorination and De-Odorization
After reduction of iron content, the water is passed to carbon filter tank. The tank is filled with
fine type granular activated carbon. The activated carbon removes chlorine and other gases that
give the water unpleasant odor.
F. Filtration paper sheet
The water filtered by activated carbon is transported to paper sheet filter which is the final stage
of filtration.

Figure2.3.1. 2 A. Degassing tank and B. sedimentation tank

2.3.1. 5 Cooling the water
After treatment and filtration, the water is cooled before mixing with carbon dioxide gas. The
incoming water temperature is about 300C. It has to be lower than 150C in order to reach
maximum saturation. The Cooling process is done by using ammonia gas a refrigerant (coolant).
The compressed ammonia cools the water (ice water) that cools the water which is used for
production. The ammonia gas cools the water by heat exchanging. The water which has been
cooled (ice water) by ammonia goes to the carbon-cooler and cools the water that is used for
production by heat exchanging
2.3.1.4 Carbonation of the water

The cooled water is mixed with carbon dioxide gas in the carbonation tank. The miscibility of the
gas increases as its temperature decreases. The desirable temperature for good carbonation
carbon dioxide gas gets into the tank from the lower side and mixes with the water. The water
that is mixed with carbon dioxide gas is pumped directly to filling section.
2.4 Softening of the water

Ambo mineral water is naturally hard water. Our factory uses by softening the raw that has hardness
greater than 400 mg/lit as calcium carbonate (CaC03) for its service water need. It forms scale and
corrosion on different parts of machines.
It specially forms a very high amount of scale on steam boiler and bottle washing machines if is not
softened to a suitable degree. The scale formed on the boiler damages the boil surfaces and decreases
steam generating efficiency of the boiler and it closes the steam passage lines. On the washing machine
the scale is formed excessively in hot water bath zone.
It obstructs the water pipe lines; the spraying nozzles and it corrodes the surfaces of the washing machine.
The scale formed on boiler and washing machines should be removed by using chemical agents
periodically. In order to overcome the excessive scale formation, the water is softened before use.
The softening is carried out in the softening plant with help of ion exchange (resin) and sodium chloride
(common salt). There are two water softening tanks which are filled with resin. 400 kg resin filled in
each tank. The resin removes calcium and magnesium ions that make the water hard by replacing
them with sodium ions, so that the water becomes soft.
After certain period of operation, the resin becomes saturated with calcium and magnesium ions and
it can on more remove calcium and magnesium ions from the water. Therefore, regeneration
should be done. More than 100kgs of common salt (sodium Chloride) is dissolvedin a salt
dissolving tank.

The brine solution is then passed to softening tank with water at low pressure. After strong water
current is passed through the resin bed removing excess salt and drained to the sewer. When
the regeneration process is completed the degree of hardness should be checked. The test should
be carried out periodically while the plant is on operation too.
 The degree of hardness of the water can be classified as follows.
Table 3 Hardness of water
Mg/l as CaCO3 Hardness of water

0-75 soft
75-150 Moderate
150-300 hard
Above 300 Very hard
Hard water defined as water which contains high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Since the Ambo mineral water is extremely hard, its hardness exceeds 375mg/l of CaCO3
The desired degree of the hardness of the water of the safety of the machines is about 75mg/l
of CaCO3. Therefore, the hardness of the water should be lowered from 375mg/l to less than
75mg/l of CaCO3.When the degree of hardness of the water becomes above 50G the plant should
be stopped and regenerated. To start regeneration, process the impurities and sludge
accumulated on the resin bed should be avoided.
Strong water current is passed from bottom to top carrying out the impurities to the drainage.
After a long period, operation, the resin becomes inactive or will be exhausted and it should be
replaced by anew resin. The replacement takes place twice in a year if the plant operates three
thefts a day.
2.5 Room of general bottling production line

2.5. 1 RGB (returnable glass bottle) LINE
RGB line is a factory which uses returnable glass bottle for packing production
RGB process packaging system starts from loading, un packer ,bottle washer ,mixer ,filler labeler,
date coder ,packer and un loader. It has many machinery which are combined to work
1. Crate washer: it is used to wash a crate by using a chemical soda ash and service water.
2. Unpacked: is used to pack up a bottle from crate and put on the conveyer.

3. Bottle washer: is used to wash a bottle step by step and use different types of water and
chemical. Example, first in one path it washes bottles by very hot water and soda ash then it
washes a bottle by medium hot water and soda ash. Last it washes a bottle by cool water
This bottle washer has many parts from these. A. Containers leaving the washer B. Containers
discharge area C. Fresh water section D. Cold/warm water section E. Caustic bath
tanks at this washer there is a heat exchanger which is used to comfort the water for different
parts of the washer.
The First heat exchanger is used to heat water by using a steam which comes from boiler. The
Second heat exchanger is used to heat soda ash by using hot water from the first heat exchanger
and then pass to washer parts.
4. Conveyors: is used to transport bottle.
5. Filler: is used to fill water to the bottle.
6. Mixer: is used to mix water with a CO2 to moisturize water or to give a good sense.
7. Labeler: is used to attach the label paper to the bottle
8. Packer: is used to put a filled bottle into the crate.
9. Polder: is used to write an expire and production date on Ambo water bottle which comes
from a filler.
10. Check man: is used to check a bottle which comes out of the filler to whether the bottle is
filled or not
2.5.1.1 CONVEYOR SYSTEM

Definition
A conveyor is a mechanized device used to move materials in relatively large
quantities between specific locations over a fixed path.
Benefits of conveyors
-Automation of the flow of product
-Continuous flow of materials

-May be set up almost any place
-Can be utilized to move almost anything
-Improve safety, order accuracy, labor cost
2.5.1.2 Chain conveyor

A chain conveyor is a machine that transfers material or objects from one point to another by
means of a moving chain. The conveyor chain is driven by a head sprocket or roller, also called a
drive wheel. A conveyor chain may have plates, blocks or bars attached to it which are designed
to fastener, push or drag the object or material which is to be moved. Chain conveyors
Figure2. 3.1.2 Chain conveyor
The disadvantages of chain are:
Its high weight, High initial cost,
Higher maintenance cost
Limited running speed

CHAIN CONVEYOR APPLICATIONS
Conveying of products in either continuous or indexing modes (i.eThe chain stops and starts each
time to move a product to the end of the chain using a sensor)

Changing the speed is necessary. Importantly when fitted with a VFD (variable frequency drive),
a chain conveyor is a simple conveyor to adjust the speed on .
TYPES OF CHAIN CONVEYOR
1. Apron or pan
2. Cross- Bar
3. Car -Type
4. Carrier -Chain & Flat-Top Chain
A the purpose of equipment; for bottle transportation
The factory uses the flat-Top Chain and carrier-chain conveyor for bottle
transportation.
Carrier-chain & Flat top chain Carrier chain conveyor consists of one or more
number of endless chains to which may be attached one of the many different
attachments for the for the purpose of carrying
2.5.1.3 Main component of Carrier-chain &flat-Top conveyor and their function
1 chain support
2 the drive unit
-Gear box
-Torque convector
- Servo motor

3. The driven unit
4. Sensor
5. Isolator
A. Chain support is the component that ensures the chain moves smoothly and
firmly.
B. The driven unit is contains chain and sprocket moved by drive unit .there are two sprocket on
single conveyor system one that operates that operates under power (Connected with a shaft of
the drive unit) And an idle one which is not connected with the shaft of driving unit but it driven
by chain at the end of close loop and used to reverse the direction of the chain, the chain driven
by the first sprocket and the two sprocket rotate in the same direction
C. The drive unit is Allows the system to move. The unit contains counter bearing and that keeps
the parts move efficiently
D. Sensors are a device that detect capture and relay information without any physical contact.
They are used in many application because they are:
Contactless sensing device
Unaffected an environmental factor
Some sensor on the conveyor
Optical sensor used for counting positioning
Inductive sensor is used to check and stop. If the bottle are conveyor
Ultrasonic sensor is used for positioning
2.6 Bottle washer machine

The bottle washers of the single-end series provide high performance on smallest space. Their
heating and caustic zones can be set up individually of single modules and they can be integrated
in machine housings with different heights. The bottles remain in the caustic until they are
perfectly clean. This machine saves not only space, but also costs. This one end bottle-inputting
and outputting washer is also easy to be operated. Two-path relabeling basing on the completely
soaking, it is easy to relabeling the remained through tracking to spray. The main drive has
frequency conversion electromotor to change frequency and adjust the speed

Figure 2.4 Washer machine
Main component of bottle washer machine
Figure 2.6 construction washer machines
1 Recirculation pump, label removal unit – axial-flow pump 2 Label removal unit
3 Discharge 4 Post-treatment 5 Water tank 6 Main treatment area 7 Label feed
(optional additional equipment) 8 Label press (optional additional equipment) 9
Debris removal unit 10 High-pressure pre-jetting 11 Label removal unit of pre-

soak tank 12 Glass fragment removal unit 13 In feed 14 Bump-in feed 15

Recirculation pump, label removal unit – tubular casing pump 16 Main drive gears
– synchronous drive 17 Pre-treatment zone 18 Drive side 19 Heating
Method of operation
Subsequently the bottles run through the caustic bath in horizontal loops, in order
to completely wash away dirt or labels. Before the bottles leave the machine, they
are cooled in the post-treatment zones with a small quantity of fresh water and
freed of any remaining dirt or caustic residue.
In feed mechanism
-In feed mechanism is a system which helps to put (in feed) unwashed bottles into
the bottle washer machine.
Components of in feed mechanism
-In feed conveyor – helps to bring and transfers bottle to basket (fingers).
-Baskets – are in feed finger which works by rotational motion driven by gear box
1(motor) and helps to invert bottles upside down and
transmit it to nozzle holder chain where the bottles stay on that nozzle up to
discharge.
-Motor (Gear box) – is used to drive basket
Water flow system
Water flow system in bottle washer is used to supply soft water from a tank and
distribute it to all washing stages to wash the bottles.
In bottle washing machine there are eight (8) washing process. And they are:
1. Pre sucking – is the first stage of washing bottle which uses used (not
clean) water with high pressure and temperature to suck trashes from
the inside of the bottle.

2. Sucking is used to suck if there is the remaining un sucked trashes inside

of the bottles.
3. Caustic -2
is a place where bottles are soaked for some time with caustic soda to
clean it well and remove the label from them the bottles move down
ward then up ward one time for cleaning purpose.
4. Caustic -1
At this caustic stage the bottles are washed by higher pressure and temperature for better
cleaning and to remove labels that are not removed during caustic -2 stage hot water is supplied
from heat exchanger. Caustic soda is added and mixed with water at this stage here the bottles
move down ward then upward twice.
5. Warm water - is used to rinse (clean) the caustic soda from the bottles.
6. Warm water - is warmer than warm water-2 stage and this stage also helps to rinse (clean)
the bottles.
7. Cold water - Is used to cool the hot bottles
8. Fresh water - used to rinse the bottle
2.6.1 Filler machine

The machine is mainly used in the beverage filling operations. The three functions of bottle wash
fill and seal are composed in one body of the machine. The whole process is automatic. The
machine is used in filling juices, mineral water and purified water in bottles made of polyester
and plastics. The machine can also be used in hot filling if it is installed with temperature
controlling device.
The handle of the machine can be freely and conveniently turned to adjust the machine to fill
various types of bottles. The filling operation is faster and more stable because the micro
pressure filling operation of the new type is adopted. The advanced programmed controller is
adopted to control the machine to run automatically while a transducer is used in the bottle -
entering chains to adjust speeds and coordinated with the transducer of the main machine to

make the operations of moving bottle forward steadily and reliably.
Figure 2. 6.1Filler machine

2.6.1.2 Main component of filler machine
Figure 2.6.1.2 Filler machine
1 Control cabinet
2 Operator panel
3 Front table
4 In feed
5 Valve manifold and pipe system

6 Guards
7 Carrousel
8 Discharge
9 Capper
 photo electric cell for gap detection; is used to ensure that gaps appear in
the bottle flow in front of the stop star wheel.
 stop star wheel; is used to stop and pass (release) the bottles.
 In feed worm shaft; used to maintain proper spacing to machines pitch.
 In feed star wheel; picks up the bottles from the in feed worm and transfer
to below the filling valve.
 Bottle present signal sensor; Informs the controller if bottles are present.
 Centering bell; centers the bottle below the filling valve.
 Lift cylinder; Raises the bottle and presses it on to the filling valve.
Bottle detection for fillers with an automatic splinter washout system; If a
bottle has burst then a sufficient area around the affected filling valve is
sprayed with water.
 Transfer star wheel; Picks up the bottle from lift cylinder and transfer it to
sealing head.
 Discharge star wheel; Transfer crowned bottles to the discharge conveyor
 Distributor; Used to distribute compressed air, gas, liquid and electrical
signal
 guard-The guards are used to protect persons, e.g. from Moving machine
parts, Noise, Broken containers, Splashing liquids (e.g., cleaning/disinfection
Filling machine phases
 initial evacuation
 CO2 flushing
 Second evacuation

 Pressurization
 Fast filling phase
 Slow filling phase
 End filling phase
 Settling
 Snifting
2.6.2 Labeler machine

The Cinematic attaches pre-cut paper or film wrap-around labels to cans, bottles
and jars of widely differing sizes and shapes. The principle the machine works on is
simple and effective labels are attached directly to the containers without the need
for gluing pallets. The amount of hot melt the Cinematic uses to do this is very small
as the label is held in place by just two narrow lines of dispensed glue. This cost-
effective method of labeling gives perfectly labeled containers.
Figure 2.6.2 labeler machine
Method of operation
The Cinematic has two independently operating hot melt gluing units. To begin
with, the first labeling station applies a vertical line of glue to the container. The

container is revolving as it passes the label magazine. The glue on the container
takes up a label from the label magazine. At the same time, the second labeling
station is applying glue to the trailing label edge. The label is now wrapped once
around the container and glued together at the overlap.
Main component of labeler machine
Figure 2.6.2.1 labeler machine
1 Top part 2 Operator panel 3 Discharge 4 Table top
5 In feed
6 Container table 7 Guards 8 Labelling station
Container Table The container table is driven by the main drive. Depending on the
machine design, the container table may be height-adjustable.
Discharge Star wheel
The discharge star wheel takes the labelled containers from the container table and transfers
them to the discharge conveyor

In feed worm - spaces the bottle to the machine pitch.
In feed star wheel -pick up the bottles from the in feed worm and transfers it to a
plates which are driven by servo motor.
Pallet - Is a rotating machine driven by gearing system the glue on the pallet is
transferred to label magazine.
Gripper - is used to take the label from the pallet and pastes (sticks) it on the bottle.
Brushes - are used to brush the bottle when the bottle passes (reciprocate).
Servomotor – Is used to control position.
Used to reciprocate (rotate at a given angle) bottles on the plate.
2.6.3 Packer and unpacked machines

Unpacked is a machine which differentiates the dirty crate and the dirty bottles and Packer is a
machine which picks up a product water filled bottles and put in the washed crate. Packing,
unpacking, sorting, orientation machine is highly versatile. It can handle a wide variety of packing
and unpacking tasks and process many different kinds of container
Figure 2.6.3 packer machine
Method of operation
The packing machine is an intermittent motion machine and can be used as a

packer, an unpacked, or a combination of both. For packing, the containers enter

on one or more container table and are then distributed to lanes. Then packing
heads grab the containers, move them to the packing position and place them in
the waiting empty packs. The packing cam is easily programmable, as the drives of
the lifting unit and horizontal axis are controlled independently. The precision
control system ensures accuracy of movement to within a millimeter, combined
with gentle start-up and braking.
2.6.3.1 Main Component of packer and un packer machine
1 Gripper head carrier 11 Control cabinet
2 Container discharge table
3 Gripper System
4 Signal beacon post
5 Container discharge
6 Pack Conveyor
7 Down-holding unit
8 Protective device
9 Main operator station
10 Main machine

Figure 2.6.3.1 construction of packer machine
P.E. sensors at the container table: Detects whether containers back-up on the
container table (the machine is stopped when containers back up).
Pack Conveyor
The pack conveyor comprises:
Pack conveyor with flat-top chains
Stopper
Crate down-holding unit
Variant – Insertion frame actuating mechanism with insertion frame as crate

down-holding unit
Pack conveyor with stoppers
A pneumatic stop device at the infeed retains the packs that are fed in, thus keeping
the back-up pressure out of machine working area. At the same time, the
previously emptied packs are discharged from the machine. The infeed enable
signal is provided with a distance-specific delay. The infeed spacing unit is opened,
and only the number of packs required for the packing cycle is fed in. The P.E.
sensors control pack in feed and monitor the number of packs fed in

Gripper Head Carrier and Gripper System
Gripper system
A gripper system comprises several gripper units (gripper heads). The gripper units are equipped
with pneumatic gripper cups or with other product-specific gripping devices. The gripper heads
are lowered into the packs and pick up the containers.
Horizontal axis: The horizontal movement is achieved by an oscillating mechanism support,

which is actuated by a crank drive. Fixed settings and speeds are specified.
Vertical axis: The vertical movement is achieved by using a belt drive with a counterweight
balancing system. The drive is frequency-controlled. This axis allows variable packing trajectories,
final positions, and outputs
Pneumatic system is a system which is uses the compressed air to move .clamp
grid and screw.
Main component of pneumatic system

An air tank to store a certain volume of compressed air
• A compressor to compress the air coming from the atmosphere
• An electric motor or other prime mover to drive the compressor
• Directional Control Valves: 4 ways 2 position valve
• Actuators (cylinder) is used to the compressed to useful work
• Piping to carry the pressurized air from one location to another
Pressure gauge is to measure the pressure
2.6.4 LENDER\MIXER MACHINE

Is a machine used to mix the clean hard water with a carbon dioxide and hard water is cooled
Carbon dioxide is mixed with water at low (less than 16 degree Celsius) temperature. Ambo
mineral water in nature is hot duet to this we cool the hard water using ammonia. hard water
(for production) is cooled in heat exchanger due to heat transfer to the ammonia cooled water
Cooled hard water and carbon dioxide are mixed in mixer by high pressure and store in
carbonated tank until it is passed to filling machine, there are motors and pump to drive water
to and out of the heat exchanger

2.6.5 CRATE WASHER

The crate washer is used to clean crates. Cleaning takes place in two treatment zones. The crates
are transported with a steplessly controllable drive and adjustable crate guides. The crates are
first sprayed with caustic solution and then rinsed with water. This water generally comes from
the bottle washer. The last spraying is done with fresh water
Figure 2.6.5 crate washer machine
Components of crate washer
 Pump – for pumping and increasing pressure of water.

 Nozzles – for jetting (increasing pressure of water).
 Motor – for driving the pump
2.6.7 Air Compressor

Air compressor are used to produce high pressurized air used for different operation. In these
company they use to compressed air for pneumatic valves, used to up and down piston type
mechanisms to push a bottle to the filler and to stretch the bottle in the mold.
Types of air compressor
Air compressor is classified into two. Those are piston type air compressor and screw type air
compressor. In this company they use screw type air compressor. The reason why, they use this
screw type air compressor is used to produce high air pressure compared to the piston type one.
It produces averagically around 40 bars, but the piston type produce only for 7bar16bar. Air
compressor is used to up and down of stock of the piston to allow air in, and
pressurize it the air with in storage.
2.6.8. Boiler
Boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to be transferred into
water until it becomes hot water or steam. The factory uses boiler type of firing tube and steam
production of 3,000 kg/h, control panel (tension 400V/50Hz three‐phases), and burner (fuel
diesel oil).The boiler has feed water system, air system, steam system and fuel system. The feed
water system provides water to the boiler and regulates it automatically. Steam is directed
through a piping system to the different points of use. The fuel system includes all equipment
used to provide fuel to generate the heat. The fuel given to the boiler is diesel oil. The designed
capacity of the boiler is, to produce a steam at 12bar and 191.7 C0 while it produces steam at
temperature of 165C0 a and 7bar
Figure 2.6.8 Boiler

2.6.9 PROCEDURE USED WHILE PERFORMING WORK TAKS

When I come to this company for Internship I visiting; and working in the company section
according to the following procedure: -
 Getting safety and company supervisor.

 Visiting and observing the plant.


 Study and analysis the plant and system.
 Sharing ideas with the regarded staff workers.
 Take part in maintenance activity when and where necessary
 participating inspection and returning evaluation with each technicians
 Writing the daily and weekly report as the company supervisor order and accepting
consecutive feedback.
 Acting as normal workers as much as possible for all entire duration of internship
2.6.9.1 CHALLENGES I FACED WHILE PERFORMING MY WORK TASKS

Lack of safety
 The company was unable to give us safety clothes, safety shoes, gloves and etc .
Lack of library
 The company has no library and adequate reference material that describes how the
machine assembles, operating principles and how maintenance is programmed.
Lack of scheduled maintenance
 The company does not use programmed maintenance, but they maintain the machine
after the problem occurs.
Lack of educated persons
 In this company there are not enough educated employees for instance there is no
mechanical and electrical engineering supervisors that assist us
2.6.9.2 MEASURES TAKEN FOR THE CHALLENGS I FACED

To overcome lack of safety
 By using my own clothes, shoes and others.

 Sometimes by borrowing from others
To overcome lack of library

 By communicating and discussing with experienced operator to know the machines

working principles.
 By working with our technician and staff members to know how the maintenance is done.
 By referring different materials
To overcome these challenges
When operator gets a free time, he shows me different part of machines and explained them
briefly.
To overcome the team works with another department
In a factory the technical problem is solved by team work i.e. mechanical department work with
electrical department. This is to understand many electrical parts that are found in the factory
2.7 THE WORK PIECE OF EXECUTED

Maintenance is an act of keeping something in good condition by checking and repairing it
regularly. It is a technique of solving problem when failures occur in something. There are five
kinds of maintenance. Maintenance in every six years can be done with in long time.
But weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly maintenance are important in a company to be done
with in specific time continuously. Even if there is a program done for maintenance and clearing
in the company. In AMWSC maintenance is applied may be after failures occur also able to do
weekly and monthly maintenance after failures occurs in a machine. The company was not
applied over all machine due to the machine work continues. The company was not applied over
all machines due to the machine work continuously
2.6.7.1 Maintenance procedure

As discussed above in this company the maintenance has been done after the failures occur.
Those procedures are followed as below:
 Identify what problem is raised in the machine.

 Differentiating whether the machine problem is Electrical or Mechanical
 Think seriously about the problem occurred and by what mechanism can solve problem.
 Identify the materials needed and other required to solve the problem.
 Give the solution in the part of the machine in which the problem is raised
Generally,
there are 5 types of maintenance;

1 Weekly maintenance (50 operating hours)

 Conveyor belts
 Gears
 Checking pump seals, pump pressure, piping, pneumatics, lubrication lines and checking
motor temperature
2 Monthly maintenance (200 operating hours)
 Machine and machine parts

 Jetting units
 Control cabinet cooling unit
3. Quarterly maintenance (500 operating hours)
 Pumps, pipes, heating systems

 Valves
 Jotting units
 Electrical system
4. Yearly maintenance (2000 operating hours)
 Pumps, motors, electrical system

 Drive
5. in every six-years maintenance (15000 operating hours)
 Main drive
 Additional maintenance instruction
Gears oils: All gears are filled with synthetics. Synthetics reduce friction retain a relatively
consistent viscosity at varying temperatures, enable higher out puts to provide a high degree of
protection against wear and tear is stable with regard mineral oils, they can be used for longer
periods of time. This reduces maintenance costs substantially.
Drive: is a frequency controlled gear motor without side bearings for the drive and idler shaft
drives the flat- top chain

CAPTER THREE
OVERALL BENEFIT OF INTERNSHIP

INTRODUCTION
Internship is one method of making opportunity for University students potentially valuable and
explores general career avenues as well as specific companies. Such arrangements can provide
me with valuable work experience (both practical and for résumé enhancement) and an
opportunity to line up a job before graduation, in addition to securing good work experience. The
major benefits that I get from the internship are classified and stated as below briefly.
3.1 IMPROVING PRACTICAL SKILL

Gaining practical experience of applying engineering judgment and working successfully with
others. However, the skills and qualities nurtured by studying Mechanical Engineering suit many
other professional settings equally well. I offered:
 Creativity and an innovative approach to solving problems.

 The ability to analyze and interpret diverse.
 Critical thinking and the ability to evaluate problem.
 Effective assessment and management of resources and time.
 Interpersonal sensitivity, persuasiveness and the ability to work as part of a team.
 Awareness of ethical issues and the wider impact of work.
3.2 UPGRADING THEORETICAL KNOWELAGE

Internship program gave me the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge in real world environments,
in addition to the practical skill. Almost all the courses I took were focused on theoretical part, thanks to
the internship program; able to upgrade theoretical knowledge by practice. Generally, theoretical
knowledge got strengthen more by those practical techniques invested in Industrial Engineering site

3.3 DEVELOPING ENTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

In the company, I was working with all the staff members and any individual peacefully, by the
experience I have gained from my internship program. Individuals often learn different things
from colleagues through communication for any individual communication is an important way
of learning, which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of gaining knowledge
or skills. Good communication is the life blood of the Mechanical Engineering Profession. And it
takes many forms, such as speaking, writing and listening, it has the following advantages
 To handle information
 To persuade people
 To improve relationships with other
During this time, I have gained confidence on how;
 To ask different questions.

 To make discussions.
 To answer questions when asked.
 To respond to superior and etc.
I learnt that one full system should work efficiently with union of so many professionals by
collaborating with each other in order to make good and fantastic work. Finally, what I have
observed was to communicate effectively, it is essential that you choose the suitable medium.
Selecting the right communication channel is like shopping in the right store. If you select the
wrong store, you will not get the items you want. Similarly, if you select the wrong
communication channel, you will not get the result you want.
3.4 IMPROVING TEAM PLAY SKILL

Even if tasks are done individuals by the respective person at different section of the company,
there are times at which different individuals come together to work for common goals of the
company for increasing productivity. During performing different tasks, it is very important to
play as a team. If there are disagreements between the operators and the supervisors it is very
difficult to go ahead with the working processes of the whole machines.
In order to have working environment at industry the operators and the supervisors should have
a ‘’give and take’’ approach towards resolving problems that occur at the industry. The most
important point in team playing skill is just reaching an agreement from different points on the
work to be done. Furthermore, to have a common understanding on the task that is to be
accomplished, I always try to listen carefully those individuals with whom I am working. After
listening others idea, I provide an idea which I think is very constructive for the task being done.

Generally speaking, a person with good team playing skill may have the following qualities and
my ambition during the period is try to achieve and develops as a habit.
 Demonstrates reliability
 Communicates constructively
 Functions as an active participant
 Cooperates and helps others
 Shows commitment to the team
 Works as a problem-solver and treats others in peaceful and supportive manner
3.5 IMPROVING LEADERSHIP SKILL

Leadership is a process of leading the careers of the company. Problems in the company come in
all size, shape and color in different period time. Thus, a person who is in the position of
leadership seeks optimal solution to problems and should be smart enough to manage those
individuals whom he/she is leading. What I gain from the internship regarding improving
leadership is that to inspire workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things must
be known to do that, these are
 Know him/herself and seek self-improvement

 Be technically proficient
 Make sound and timely decisions
 Keep workers informed
 Develop a sense of responsibility in workers
 Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished
 Develop a sense of responsibility in workers.
Finally, what I grasp is, becoming a leader isn’t easy because it takes a conscious commitment
and consistent effort to develop one’s leadership skills. But on the positive side, anyone who is
willing to make the effort can become a good leader.
3.6 UNDERSTANDING WORK ETHICS AND RELATED ISSUES

In today’s complex world, Ethical conduct of workers is very important for developing healthy working
environment and increasing productivity. Ethical work conduct enables me in order to posses’
appropriate behaviors in the work and so I develop proper relationships with co-workers and it helps me
to create good working environment. There are two common types of ethics.
These are
 Personal ethics and

 Professional ethics

3.6.1 Personal ethics

These principles of personal ethics are values which are expected to be possessed by all individuals in their
life, and contribute a lot for a smooth interaction among individuals and peaceful co-existence of a society
.What I gained in the company principles of personal ethics include:
 Concern for the well-being of others

 Honesty
 Fairness
 Compliant to the law
 Benevolence (doing good)
 Refusing to take un-fair advantage
3.6.2 Professional ethics: -
Professional ethics refers to the standards or a set of moral principles for regulating behaviors of a certain
defined profession. The following are some of the common professional ethical principles what I gained
in the internship period. Punctuality: - is means keeping the companies work beginning and ending time
and to complete a given task within the given period. Reliability: - is the worker should be qualified for the
part he is supposed to be performing. He/she must have appropriate skill and knowledge for the task
assigned Honesty: - is regarding this value each worker regardless of its status should abstain from bad
behavior such as cheating, bias, corruption etc. Cooperation: - is each worker should interact and
cooperate with each other while working. That is because it is through such system problems could be
easily solved.
 Impartiality
 Transparency and openness
 Avoiding potential or apparent conflict of interests
 Accountability
3.7 ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL

Participating in an internship allows me to gain a better perspective of post-graduation employment by
applying the principles and theories I am developed in the classroom. This practical application creates an
easier transition for me from the classroom to the working world.

CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 CONCLUSION
Above all the internship program is the crucial or mandatory option to make the compatible Technology
students experience in terms of improving my real practical skills, critical thinking, problem identification,
problem solving, enhancing inter personal communication abilities, leadership system, understanding
professional ethics. I observed the principle operation of different machines in the company. Such as
washer machine, mixer machine, filler machine, labeler machine, unpacker and packer machine, and
molder machine. In addition to develop my skill the company also benefit from my practical application. I
got practical work experiences and benefits at the ambo mineral water share company some of the
benefits the internship offered to me include;
 Allow me to both make and develop professional contacts, for my future job search.
 Assist me in developing greater understanding of my own strength and weakness.
 The company’s work flow.
 Upgrade my theoretical knowledge at school.
 Improves my leadership skill.
 Team playing skills
 Knowing working standards.
 Work ethics.
4.2 RECOMMENDETION
 Ambo mineral water is naturally hard due to its high mineral contain like iron,
magnesium and other chemical compounds, therefore the factory uses a softener
to minimize the hardness of the water they have two softeners for softening
purpose but now only a single softener is working efficiently or used for softening
the water the second softener is not working due to mechanical problem that may
because of it works for long time before.
 The Waste water are easily released into the river around the factory, because there are
no waste water treatment system or drainage; this affect the health of the
population those who use this river water for their daily activity, for their animals and for
them self-consumption because it contain high amount of caustic soda, iron,
magnesium, detergent, acids etc. Therefore it is advisable if the company has waste
treatment system for the benefit of the population and for environment their own
economic benefit if they use the treated water by recycling it for their general purpose.

 Sometimes the factory stop the production due to the lack of bottles, a problem related
to labeler and filler. In addition to that in food and beverage industry some safety
and quality system should be fulfilled and company should keep and give a care
for its workers safety. But in ambo mineral water there are various problems related to
workers safety they do not have safety shoes, hand glove, mouth protector and so on, so
some times the broken glass bottles affect the workers body when they are working
there. Therefore the company should have to give a solution for this problem by
fulfilling safety materials for its workers.
 Ambo has to recognize neither the company nor the channel members can accomplish
the whole distribution job alone. Success in distribution will be achieved when everyone
in the value chain is working together as business partners. Such partnership would
eventually bring an increase in market share for all members in distribution. Being the
owner of the business Ambo MWSC has to take ownership to solve problems seen
anywhere in the distribution channel.

References
[1]. About Ambo mineral water “An Ethiopian Icon". Ambo mineral water .Retrieved.
(January 7, 2013).
[2]. Manual of the Company (Jacob Jon care, 12, 2013) Ambo mineral and Flavor
Production.
[3]. Colman HA. (2010),Ethiopian Food in the USA. I Universe
[4]. Jonas, A. b. (August 26, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2015(subscription required)).
[5]. Jonas, A. b. (June 3, 2015)."Export”, Ambo mineral water Retrieved

APPENDEX
Senkele- place where found a company
Gripper –plastic made material it used to hold and release the bottle by using pneumatic system.
Guards; it used to protect person which operate the machine from different accident.
Crate-is plastic made material which is used to contain the bottle

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AMBO MINERAL WATER S.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICA ENGINEERING

HOSTING COMPONY: AMBO MINERAL WATER

DURATION OF INTERNSHIP FROM SEPT 1 UP TO OCT 30

GROUP NAME ………………………………………………………... ID

Advised By: Mr Addis

Submitted Date: Nov 11/2021

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page i

Name of Advisor Signature

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page ii

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page iii

AMWS.C……………………………………. (Ambo mineral water Share Company)

MEA………………………………………….. (Mono ethanolamine)

AMWF…………………………………… (Ambo mineral water filtration)

PET…………………………………………. (Polyethylene Terephthalates)

RGB……………………………………… (Returnable glass bottle

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page iv

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page v

Table 1 Sample softy drink and its’ monthly production .............................................................................. 4

Figure 1.3 main product of ambo mineral water ........................................................................................ 4

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page vi

Acknowldegment ......................................................................................................................................... iii

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page vii

2.5.1.3 Main Component Of Carrier-Chain &Flat-Top .................................................................... 17

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page viii

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 1

through mountainous terrain eventually being tapped at the springs in AmboSenkele.

Figure 1 Ambo mineral water factory

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 2

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPANY

1.2.2 Specific Objective

 475 ML returnable glass

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 3

Figure 1.3 main product of ambo mineral water

Its main service

Table 1 Sample softy drink and its’ monthly production

Jiva orange 90,000L

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 4

1.4. MAIN CONSUMER OF AMBO MINERAL WATER PRODUCTS

Figure 1.4 the main consumers of ambo mineral water products

Table 2 the main consumers of Ambo mineral water product

Europe America Africa Middle east Canada

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 5

1.5 OVER ALL ORGANIZATION AND WORK FLOW

Human resource Finance Technical Quality

Chart 1 Management structure of the company

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 6

OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

 To increase the likelihood of building professional networking contacts and mentoring

2.2 HOW TO GET THE COMPANY AND ACQUIRED SKILL

2.3 WORKING SECTION OF THE COMPANY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 7

2.3.1 Raw material used in ambo mineral water factory

 natural spring water and

For flavored drinks

2.3.1 Production of Carbon dioxide

 at low temperature (30-40oc), it sticks carbon dioxide, the required one

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 8

Figure 2.3 .1 Carbodioxide production plant

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 9

Oil gas + Oxygen +Electric Power =CO2

The component which used to produce the products:

Boiler: is used to produce CO2 and give hot for MEA