Nguyễn Thị Cát Ngọc - Trịnh Minh Phương (Đồng chủ biên) Đỗ Thị Thu

Phượng - Nguyễn Hồng Thúy - Trần Thị Thu Thương

READING THE NEWS

2

NHÀ XUẤT BẢN ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7

PREFACE TO THE READING THE NEWS SERIES 8

INTRODUCTION 9

NOTES TO USERS 12

MEDIA LITERACY 14
SECTION 1. LIFESTYLE 14
UNIT 1. Green Living 15
UNIT 2. Urban Transportation 23
UNIT 3. Purposeful Travels 31
UNIT 4. The Store of Everything 39

SECTION 2. ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT 47

UNIT 5. Struggling Film Industry 48
UNIT 6. Feminist Musical Voices 57
UNIT 7. Gaming as a career 67

UNIT 8. Interactive Entertainments 76

SECTION 3. TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE AND HEALTH 84
UNIT 9. Carbon Emissions 85
UNIT 10. A Democratic Internet 93
UNIT 11. Weight Loss 101

UNIT 12. Modern Smoking 109

LIST OF REFERENCES 117
We are appreciative of assorted sources of information and authors of the articles cited in Reading
the News 2 coursebook. Without all of them, we would not have been able to compile the materials
for this book.
We are grateful to our English Faculty, Board of Education and Training, Board of
Directors for facilitating the compilation of this coursebook.
Our sincere thanks go to our English Faculty members, coordinators and students who have made
substantive contribution to the meticulous compilation process. We also thank the editorial
personnel, who was a great help for us in getting the manuscript in publishable form.
Despite all the help we had, many errors and shortcomings may remain in the following pages; for
these we alone are responsible.
As many language teachers and learners now realize, reading is not simply an important skill. It is
also a critical basis for progress in language learning. Effective reading skill enhances students’
abilities to pay attention, remember new grammar and vocabulary, process ideas, and respond
appropriately. As students develop their reading abilities, they feel more capable and confident in all
aspects of language use.
Students at different levels need different kinds of reading skills and strategies, but most eventually
encounter the need for academic reading. More than merely enabling them to succeed in college
lectures and discussions, effective academic reading allows students to build, synthesize and use
knowledge in the target language. As a result, they can fully participate in the exchange of authentic
ideas about relevant topics.
Recent progress in language teaching and testing has provided many new instructional approaches
and strategies that help students develop good academic reading skills. Reading the News
incorporates these new ideas into a coherent, carefully sequenced approach that works well in
classrooms.
Authentic Language and Active Reading
Each level of the series Reading the News comprises twelve units on specific topics which are
accessible to students of all backgrounds. The articles selected are written in an interactive style that
models the natural, authentic language as well as active reading. Key points are reinforced so that
students can remember easier.
The activities that accompany each unit are designed to guide the reading process. Students are
encouraged to preview vocabulary, read with a clear purpose, extract main ideas, understand text
organization, check comprehension, deal with unfamiliar words, link ideas, understand writer’s
style, evaluate the text, react to the text, and write summary. The activities also help students
develop critical thinking skills, including:
• Activating prior knowledge
• Guessing meaning from context
• Predicting information
• Organizing ideas
• Discriminating between main ideas and details
• Reconstructing and summarizing main ideas
• Transferring knowledge from each topic to other areas
READING THE NEWS 2
Reading the News 2 is the second coursebook in the series of Reading the News. The book is
suitable for those who possess level B2-C1 in Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency,
i.e. they can use the language independently and communicate without effort with native speakers.
It consists of 12 units based on topics of common interest in international studies. This book
features authentic texts reflecting the recent trends of the world. The book is expected to help
students enhance their ability to read the news in English effectively.
READING EFFECTIVELY
Everyone reads with some kind of purpose in mind: for instance, to keep up with the news, to obtain
specific information, or simply for pleasure. A reader’s purpose may also include the need to
reproduce the content of the text in some way or other: in a discussion of the ideas it contains, for
example; or in summarizing the text for a report or an examination. Effective reading means being
able to read accurately and efficiently, understanding as much of a text as one needs in order to
achieve one’s purpose. Not everybody can do this even in his or her own language. In a foreign
language, the problems are of course greater, and comprehension failure is common. This may be a
simple matter of not knowing a word, but it is equally likely to be due to a deficiency in one or
more of a number of specific reading techniques. The exercises in this book can also help students
develop these specific techniques.
Extracting main ideas
Sometimes it is difficult for a student to see what the main ideas of a passage are, or to distinguish
between important and unimportant information. Students should be encouraged to read for the
general sense rather than for the meaning of every word.
Reading for specific information
It is not always necessary to read the whole of a text, especially if one is looking for information
which is needed for a specific purpose.
Understanding text organization
Students may sometimes have trouble in seeing how a passage is organized. They should have
practice in recognizing how sentences are joined together to make paragraphs, how paragraphs are
combined into text, and how this organization is signaled.
Predicting
Before reading a text, we usually subconsciously ask ourselves what we know about the subject
matter. This makes it easier to see what information is new to us and what we
already know, as we read the passage. If we can transfer this skill to a foreign language, we
can ensure that as we read we are not overloaded with too much new information.
Checking comprehension
Under certain circumstances (such as examinations) students may need to study a passage very
closely in order to answer a question correctly, and exact understanding of points of detail may be
crucial. Comprehension questions in each unit could train students in this kind of careful reading.
Inferring
A writer may decide to suggest something indirectly rather than state it directly. The reader is
required to infer this information – which may be essential for correct understanding. Some students
may need practice in seeing such implications.
Dealing with unfamiliar words
One of the commonest problems facing a student is simply not being able to understand a word or
expression. But it is often possible to guess its general sense by looking for clues, whether in the
context or in the form of the word itself. The exercise of explaining words and expressions as used
in the article will help develop the techniques needed to make reasoned guesses about the meaning
of new vocabulary.
Linking ideas
In any passage an idea may be expressed by a number of different words or expressions. It is
necessary for students to see how different words are related to the same idea.
Understanding complex sentences
Some writers, consciously or unconsciously, use a complicated style in which it may be difficult, for
example, to distinguish main clauses from subordinate clauses. Struggling with complex syntax can
make it easy to lose sight of the general sense of the text. Students should learn how to “decode”
long and complicated sentences.
Understanding writer’s style
An important part of the pleasure in reading is being able to appreciate why a writer chooses a
certain word or expression and how he/she uses it. A number of stylistic devices and features are
presented in this book.
Evaluating the text
A full understanding of a passage may depend on appreciating why it was written, or what purpose
particular parts of the text serve. It may, for instance, be important to distinguish between a
statement of fact and an expression of the writer’s opinion. Students are expected to develop the
students’ more critical faculties.
Reacting to the text
Sometimes a reader’s interpretation of a passage may be colored by his or her own views on the
subject being dealt with. Students should learn how to separate what the writer says from what the
reader thinks.
 Writing summaries
The ability to write an accurate summary requires accurate comprehension of a passage, the ability
to distinguish between essential and secondary information, and skill in composing clear,
economical text. For students who need this technique (which is required, for instance, for the
examination) special training is provided.

ORGANIZATION OF UNITS

There are 12 units in the coursebook, each devoted to one article. The articles are graded in the
order from Lifestyle, Art and Entertainment to Technology, Science and Health in different themes.
Pre-reading tasks
Students are offered a variety of interesting activities in which they discuss the topic of the unit and
exchange ideas about it.
Reading focus
Students will be provided with a particular style of giving information in each article. They will
learn how to recognize different types of information or different ways to present ideas.
Understanding the article
Students will read adapted articles on a variety of topics on specific themes from different
newspapers. They will develop their reading skills and learn essential vocabulary and structures.
They will also be able to discuss the ideas and issues in the articles.
Vocabulary work
Students will learn important new words and phrases which they can use when carrying
out the tasks in the unit. A good dictionary will also help them to increase their vocabulary.
Exam preparation tasks
Students will be equipped with specific skills and strategies to deal with the tasks they will encounter
in their progress and final examinations of the course.
Summary
Students will learn basic techniques of summarizing an article in one sentence.
Discussion prompts
Students will build up their confidence in using English and will improve their fluency
through discussion activities.
Extra reading
Each unit has one extra reading with similar theme to offer students more sources to study.
TO STUDENTS AND SELF-STUDY LEARNERS

As you have read the introduction, the objective of this course book is to help students read
effectively through tasks. It is also important that you should follow these distinct stages to make
full use of this book.

Stage 1. Preparation

Before you come to each reading class, the following activities may help you approach the article
better:
● Do research on the topic of the unit by reading related information about it. You can
also do the activities in Pre-reading tasks of each unit.
● Make notes or mind-maps about the topic
● Summarize your views/ feelings or findings by writing a review
● Make a small talk or presentation on what you have researched in class or with your peer This

process will help you to become familiar with the theme or the topic of the text. The second part of

this Stage concerns vocabulary. Write a list of words related to the

theme of the unit that you come across while you do research with their meaning in English. You can
even create your own glossary about the topic for your reference.

Stage 2. Task completion

You can do each task in the unit and try to find your answer in the article. You can discuss your
ideas, feelings and thoughts with your peer to get a proper answer for each question. Use the
highlight pen to mark the clues in the article to help you answer the question.
While you read the article, you should:
● Try not to depend much on the dictionary.
● Try to understand unfamiliar words using the context. You may also need to explain
the words/expressions using your own words.
● Read the article carefully to grasp the meaning the author wants to convey.
To do these, you need some reading skills that can only mastered through practice, namely,
scanning, skimming, reading through title, reading through sub-title, and reading for details.
 Stage 3. Reflection

In this stage, you can consolidate what you have learned by:
● Add more words you have learned from the article into your own word list or glossary.
● Write a short note or give a small talk on your own or discussion with your peer about what
you have read from the article.
● Read more articles of the similar topic in order to have a more thorough understanding about it.
TO THE TEACHER

In teaching with Reading the News 2, teachers should remember that the aims of this book are to
help students read effectively, express ideas about topics of the units and explore their self-study
capacity. In order to meet these aims, teachers should also follow the fol- lowing stages:
Stage 1: Preparation
At this first stage, teachers should prepare students for the article they are going to read by assigning
them to do research at home, giving discussion questions beforehand or even asking them to make a
presentation about the topic of the article.
Stage 2: Task completion
Teachers can guide students to do each task in the unit by giving some tips or skills to help them
read faster and look for the information more efficiently. Some common skills are scanning and
skimming, key words search, paraphrasing, predicting, determining au- thor’s view or facts…
Teachers should also facilitate students with ideas for the discussion or assign students to lead the
discussion about the topic of the unit. Teachers should let students be centered in their discussion
and freely express their ideas.
Stage 3: Reflection
Teachers should wrap up the class and assign students with pre-reading tasks or prepara-
tion procedure. More discussions or extra reading can be given.
Teachers can also provide students with more sources for reading and ask them to write a
review on what they have read.
1. LIFESTYLE
Lifestyle articles cover a wide variety of aspects in everyday life including travel, health, leisure,
house and home, personal finances, fitness, green living, hobbies, and work-life balance – all of
these are branches of your lifestyle tree.
While lifestyle content often focuses on personal preferences, it could sometimes cover topics like
personal concerns of religion, society, and politics. All lifestyle content needs to give something to
the readers – namely information, affirmation, entertainment, or inspiration.
2. THE ARTICLES
In this section, you will read four articles. Read the article headlines below:
● Travel to kamikatsu for a green epiphany: ‘zero waste is about knowing yourself’
● Banning cars from city centers will enable our roads to blossom
● Traveling with a purpose: for some, it’s a 2021 resolution
● Surveillance as a service
What do you think each article will be about? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
3. WHERE IN THE WORLD?
Look at the photographs below which show some of the countries mentioned.
With a partner, discuss which of these places look the most appealing. Then, match each
photograph to the country listed in the box below.
 UNIT 1
Green Living
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Match the photos below with suitable types of traveling:

event travel business travel volunteer travel the package holiday

visiting friends and relatives the road trip the group tour
2. Have you, or anyone you know, experienced any of those? Discuss your answer with a
partner.
1 2 3

5 6
4

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: WRITING ABOUT NEW EXPERIENCE

Any experience or new information has to be published with caution. Journalists must be
sure all information is correct and that it is presented clearly and accurately.
Look at the following sentences. Although both of the underlined phrases are possible,
which one makes a stronger claim?
a. Most of the trips are not long enough and taken to help people release their stress instead of
interacting with the nature/ connecting to the environment.
b. More and more tourists choose to stay in peaceful places / in eco-friendly locations.
c. Many people want to engage in local traditions / participate in local communities.
d. Travel agencies today often offer a flexible schedule /customized package.
 Travel To Kamikatsu For A Green Epiphany: ‘Zero
Waste Is About Knowing Yourself’
By Florentyna Leo
1
KAMIKATSU –Although travel is about new
sights, sensations, and experiences, more often than
not, the chief pleasure of traveling is the
temporary reprieve from the daily grind. Yet
much of the travel experience leaves little time for
forging deeper connections to people and places,
and it can feel as though you’re simply skating
across the surface of another somewhere.
2
Not so at the INOW* program.
3
Based in Kamikatsu, a tiny village in the
cedar-forested mountains of Tokushima Prefecture
best known for its forward-looking zero-waste
policies, the INOW program offers an alternative to
sightseeing-centric modes of travel. Over two
weeks, participants live in the village as local
residents; even the program’s name, pronounced
ee-no, is Awa dialect for “let’s go home.” Activities
vary by season, ranging from tea harvesting to
indigo-dyeing workshops, but always include
several shifts volunteering at Gomi Station
(Kamikatsu’s local waste-separation center) and
zero- waste business Cafe Polestar.
4
If the itinerary sounds vague, that’s because it is -
deliberately so. Each program is highly flexible and
tailored to the individual participant based on their
interests.
5
Officially launched in July 2020, the idea for
INOW came to Ding and Azuma rather organically.
In 2019, they had originally intended to build a
hostel in Kamikatsu to attract visitors to the town.
Quickly realizing neither of them actually
January 10, 2021
wanted to run a hostel, in its place they launched the
Try Kamikatsu! Program, a kind of internship in
which participants would work at Cafe Polestar —
owned by Azuma — several days a week in exchange
for food and lodging. The onset of COVID-19 forced
the program to shut down for several months in
spring 2020, which gave the pair space to rethink
their goals and priorities, eventually resulting in the
current INOW program.
6
One of the main draws of the program is
experiencing the village’s zero-waste
lifestyle. At the INOW house, participants
are obligated to separate their trash
according to the town’s stringent system,
scrubbing their plastic wrappers clean and
clipping them onto the hanger next to the
sink to drip-dry.
7
At Gomi Station, where the sorting of 45
categories of trash is overseen by a small
cast of city hall employees, you quickly learn
to separate glass bottles by color, cans by
metal type (aluminum or steel), and even
different types of cartons. A children’s toy
takes an entire hour to dismantle into its
various components: a fistful of metal.

screws and a heap of colorful plastic. Volunteering
here is an eye-opening experience; regular
recycling systems in other parts of Japan feel
profoundly inadequate in comparison.
8
For Azuma, a native of Kamikatsu, sharing the
zero-waste lifestyle through INOW is more than
simply adhering to town policies. It’s about
discovering what you actually need to survive by
learning how to reduce waste.
9
Ding concurs, adding that spending two weeks in
Kamikatsu’s zero-waste system inevitably forces
participants to change, one way or another. “One of
the participants was someone who only ate at
convenience stores,” she says. “There’s no konbini
here, so he just had to cook for himself. It’s forcing
people to be in these positions where they get to try
something different.”
10
Both Ding and Azuma believe Kamikatsu has
much more to offer beyond zero-waste lessons.
11
“When I first came to Kamikatsu, the thing that
stood out to me the most is how people and nature
have intertwined in one of the wildest places of
civilization that I’ve ever seen,” Ding recalls.
“There's a community, but I don’t have to go out of
my way to be in nature. I simply have to walk out of
my house.”
*INOW: イノウ (pronounced eno) means let’s go home! in the local dialect. INOW Program
invites you to experience the feel of home in the heart of the famous Zero Waste Village of Japan.
12
You might spend a morning with activist
Atsuko Watanabe cooking lunch over a
wood- fired stove, or an afternoon making
art and discussing philosophy with
woodblock printmaker Osamu Nakamura.
13
INOW’s very charms can be a source of
frustration for some: unlike a tour, there isn’t
always a real “schedule,” and activities often
change at the last minute. Not everyone will
be able to commit to two weeks on this
program, and those who don’t drive may find
Kamikatsu’s lack of transportation
infrastructure a real headache — the
nearest supermarket is a 10-kilometer cycle
down the mountain.
14
But life in Kamikatsu is often about
learning to take things as they come, and not
being too attached to specific outcomes.
Even if activities change, there is invariably
something else to do: a waterfall to hike to, a
forest to explore, an event at the local
community center. Past participants all agree
that two weeks feels far too short.
15
With its ability to truly welcome and
integrate newcomers into the community
over the space of just two weeks, INOW is
the rare program that lives up to its name.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Answer the following questions by writing NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS.

a. What kind of traveling does the INOW recommend?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b. What services can participants have when they join the internship program?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What is the main feature of the INOW program in Kamikatsu?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What do past participants think about the program?
……………………………………………………………………………………………

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Match the following words in the text with their suitable meanings or synonyms.

a. intertwine i. make or adapt something for a particular purpose/ person

b. concur ii. clean something by rubbing it hard with a brush, soap, and
water
c. tailor
iii. be twisted together and very difficult to be separated
d. scrub
iv. take apart a structure into separate pieces
e. stringent
v. as is certain to happen
f. dismantle
vi. very strict
g. profoundly
vii. a plan of a journey, including the route and the places that
h. vague
you visit
i. fistful
viii.agree
j. inevitably
ix. ambiguous/ unclear
k. itinerary
x. very seriously/ completely
l. lodging
xi. a number or an amount of something
xii. temporary accommodation

2. Fill in the blanks with some words you have matched above to make meaningful
sentences.

a. You should follow these steps to the vegetables clean

b. Every junior student has to obey those rules to get a qualification
 c. Politicians from opposite parties need to …………… with each other to issue a
unified solution
d. The patient had a memory of her life in the past
e. We sat down and discussed a detailed for our summer

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. a green epiphany
…………………………………………………………………………………………
b. the temporary reprieve from the daily grind
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c. an eye-opening experience
…………………………………………………………………………………………
d. lead quietly inspiring lives
…………………………………………………………………………………………
e. lives up to its name
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What can INOW program offer?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How did Ding and Azuma come up with the idea of INOW?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What are the advantages of the INOW program?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Are there any difficulties in the program? What are they?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. What does the title “Zero waste is about knowing yourself” imply?
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Ecotourism is now defined as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the
environment. What are the advantages of ecotourism? How can we make ecotourism more
popular?
2. What is zero-waste lifestyle? Should we promote zero-waste tourism?
EXTRA READING
10 Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution: What’s
great, what’s missing, what’s next?
By James S Murray
1
It is in many ways an unprecedented moment.
Plenty of Prime Ministers have sketched out their
grand ‘white heat’, ‘no alternative’, ‘third way’
economic visions for the country. Countless
Ministers have scratched around for a couple more
policies to turn an eight strategy into a satisfying 10
point plan. Several governments have even had a
punt at tackling the climate crisis, unveiling Clean
Growth Strategies and the like. But Boris Johnson’s
announcement this week of a 10 Point Plan for a
Green Industrial Revolution is the first time a world
leader has not just talked about the desire to bring
down the curtain on the fossil fuel age within three
decades, but has explained, in some detail, how he
intends to do it.
2 windfarms in England has all but ground to a
It is hard to overstate the significance of all this,
even if 2020’s groaning news cycle means the
announcement has struggled to secure the
bulletin-leading mainstream media coverage it
merits. This is the Paris Agreement as actionable
infrastructure strategy, the translation of vague
promises of climate action into robust policy
frameworks.
3 for taking some genuine political risks. The
The Prime Minister of one of the world’s most
influential economies - of the crucible of the first
industrial revolution - is setting out the plan for the
next industrial revolution, and it promises to be the
fastest industrial revolution in history. He is doing
so just weeks after the President-elect of the US, the
President of China, and the leaders of the EU all
promised that they would do likewise in short order.
The investment signals are explicit. Anyone betting
against the net zero transition becoming the
defining business issue of the age is effectively
saying that the bulk of the world’s most powerful
governments and
November 2020
corporates will fail to deliver on their stated
ambitions. They may yet fall short of their
goals, but the risk equations for businesses
and investors are fast shifting in favour of
the net zero transition accelerating from this
point on.
4
The best parts of the new 10 point plan both
draw upon the transition already underway
and seek to catalyse it further, creating a
feedback loop that should mobilise billions
of pounds of investment and create millions
of jobs.
5
Onshore wind is cheaper than offshore
wind, but the construction of onshore
halt, owing to planning reforms under David
Cameron.
6
There is so much to like here and it is easy
to see why the plan has received a broadly
positive welcome from the UK’s various
green business groups. It should also be
noted that the government deserves plaudits
idea that you will not be able to buy a new
petrol and diesel car within a decade - that
you have likely bought your penultimate
internal combustion engine
- is already facing co-ordinated criticism
from the usual suspects. Some of the Prime
Minister’s favourite newspapers and long-
standing allies are warning his embrace of
the ‘eco-woke’ will alienate his base. He
should ignore their concern-trolling. There is
ample polling evidence that voters right
across the country want to see a bolder
climate agenda and are supportive of the
transition to clean technologies. But it still
takes political nerve to pursue an inherently
radical and disruptive agenda. The words
may not come easily to business leaders
angry at the looming Brexit uncertainty or
environmental campaigners wary of the Prime
Minister’s historic inconsistencies, but Boris
Johnson deserves immense credit for delivering this
plan.
7
That is not to say the plan is perfect, because it is
far from it. Some absolutely crucial components of
the net zero transition obviously missed the 10 point
cut-off. There is nothing on resource efficiency and
the circular economy, nothing on food and diet, and
nothing on onshore renewables and marine power.
The just transition and skills agenda is notable by its
absence, which represents a serious oversight given
the potential of skills shortages to undermine green
projects and the very real risk of a backlash from
those industries and communities that feel locked
out of the transition.
8
The 10 Point Plan may provide evidence that
government engagement with the climate crisis has
taken a giant leap forward in the past couple of
years, including within the Treasury. But privately
green advocates within government would accept
that parts of the Treasury are not yet fully sold on
the urgency of the climate crisis and the basic
Keynesian need for a full blown stimulus. This may
be understandable given the historically poor fiscal
situation. But it seems that no matter how low
borrowing costs get, how bleak the economic
outlook, and how existential the climate threat, the
deficit hawks still maintain the tightest of grips on
the psyche of Treasury mandarins and Conservative
chancellors.
9
The good news is that there are ample
opportunities over the coming year to correct these
various flaws and ensure the 10 Point Plan
mobilises promised investment and genuinely puts
the UK on track to net zero emissions. The
Spending Review, the Energy White Paper, the
National Infrastructure Strategy, the NDC to be
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Boris Johnson’s new 10 Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution is a landmark moment in the UK’s
journey to net zero emissions, but its success is not yet guaranteed. Do you agree
or disagree with the statement?
submitted to the UN, the review of the Fifth
and Sixth Carbon Budget, the Transport
Decarbonisation Strategy, the Green Heat
Strategy, the post-Brexit farming subsidy
reforms, and myriad other policy choices
large and small each present a major test of
the government’s commitment to Johnson’s
net zero vision. There is the potential to take
the blueprint provided by the 10 Point Plan
and build something truly world-leading.
10
The bad news is that with the 10 Point
Plan lacking key details in so many areas it
could yet lead to the rickety construction of a
series of conflicting and underpowered
policies that mean the government’s net zero
cathedral ends up looking better on paper
than in practice. A shaky edifice that could
easily be torn down by the culture
war-stoking opponents of climate action.
Cynics will note that for all his warm words
the PM has a long track record of selling
ambitious plans that fail to fully materialise.
11
As is so often the case with climate action,
the latest crucial milestone is once again just
a starting point for the next part of a perilous
journey. But the difference this time is the
government has said precisely where it wants
to go and how it wants to get there. What
today’s commitment shows is that a rapid
economic and technological transformation
may be unprecedented, but it can be done.
Now Johnson needs to harness every corner
of the state and every part of the economy to
deliver his promised Green Industrial
Revolution. And in doing so he needs to take
the fight to those detractors who wish to
derail a transition that every one of the UK’s
major allies and competitors is already
embarked upon. He could do worse than
channel one of his Conservative
predecessors and forcefully argue that this
industrial transformation is both essential
and in the national interest - that there is no
alternative.
c

UNIT 2
Urban Transportation

PRE-READING TASKS

1. What does the expression “owning a car” make you think of?
Write several words or phrases that come to your mind.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Discuss these questions with a partner.

● Is traffic a problem in your country?

● Does your country/ city have any laws or regulations to ban cars from the city centre?
● Why do you think the authorities introduce regulations to limit the number of cars?

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: KEEPING TRACK OF EVENTS

A reporter often begins a news story by discussing a problem related to earlier events to give
background information or explain what caused or led up to the recent event. To understand what
happened, and why it is important to keep in mind the order in which things actually occurred.

1. Scan the article for time expressions. Write five more expressions with the para-
graph number.
in the 1960s, para. 1

2. Scan the article to find the information about the past and the future of traffic in
Birmingham.
 Banning Cars from City Centres Will Enable Our Roads to Blossom
By Simon Jenkins
1
By making inner Birmingham car-free, the city has
the chance to make amends for the terrible mistakes
made in the 1960s.
2
The great god Car is dead. The former acolytes
assembled in the British petrolhead’s chief city of
Birmingham this week and announced they never
want to see bumper, bonnet or wheel spoke again –
with most cars to be banned from a centre they hope
can become uncongested, unpolluted and green.
This is true revolution.
3 Norwich radically reorganized its streets to
But what about the mess left behind?
Birmingham in the 1960s and 70s savaged its city
centre to make way for cars. The council razed at
least half of its great Victorian metropolis to the
ground, replacing it with a maze of flyovers,
underpasses and gyratories.
4
For several years in the late 80s it even staged the
Superprix, a not-quite Formula One motor race
round the city’s inner road circuit. Birmingham was
car mad. Under draft proposals from Birmingham
city
January 16, 2020
council, all through-traffic is now to reach a
dead end or be rerouted to “an upgraded ring
road”.
5
The question, then, is what happens to the
acres of motorway crossing the city, much of
which must eventually go begging? For that
matter, what happens to the similar roads that
have long adorned the downtowns of
Liverpool, Glasgow, Newcastle, Nottingham
and elsewhere in a car-less future?
6
During the 1990s in the US, Boston faced
a similar challenge. Its elevated highway, a
concrete slash across the historic downtown,
had become a congested disaster, dubbed
0“one long parking lot”. After much debate
the city decided to cover it over, close its
exits and plant trees along the route, naming
it Rose Kennedy Greenway after JFK’s
mother. In England at the same time,
make it impossible to drive across the city
center. It was a transformation. London’s
boroughs likewise “mazed” their residential
neighborhoods. More recently, with traffic
redefined from necessary nuisance to toxic
menace, Oxford, Bristol and York have
introduced bans on motor vehicles of varying
degrees of severity.
7
London overall was saved from
Birmingham’s fate by the sheer scale of its
original ambition. Its post-war

planner, Patrick Abercrombie, declared the
metropolis “obsolete, drab and dreary”, and decided
at least half of it should be rebuilt to start again,
with orbital and radial motorways, and towers. The
transport expert, Colin Buchanan, proposed all
London pedestrians should go on to “podiums”,
with the ground level dedicated to traffic.
8
Podiums were tried at the Barbican in the City,
and have been largely deserted ever since. People
do not like being forced to walk in the air. In 1973,
public anger at plans to turn Covent Garden and
Piccadilly Circus into more Barbicans brought a
halt to Abercrombie’s plans, but it was a close call.
9
Birmingham is the city of my birth, and I hate
being ashamed of its appearance. Owen Hatherley,
master geographer of the UK’s “new kind of bleak”,
calls the nation’s second city “a national
embarrassment”. Now surely it has a golden
opportunity. Assuming it is successful in excluding
through traffic from its core, the obvious next step
is to use the bonanza of freed space for something
else. If highways are no longer sacred but heretical,
the task is to release their latent value.
10
Birmingham could go down Boston’s route and
simply plant trees. It could thread its downtown
with linear parks, perhaps
linking Brindley Place – a rare truly
handsome work of modern architecture
– to its “creative” jewelry quarter with a
version of New York’s High Line. But most
of Birmingham’s post-war roads are so wide
they could accommodate whole avenues and
squares of traditional terraces. Or they could
go informally medieval, with camping sites,
street markets, displays and entertainments,
like Germany’s now ubiquitous Christmas
markets. Medieval towns around Europe are
prospering.
11
This urban revolution could precipitate a
grand experiment, to show the world how a
city with fewer cars can reinvent itself.
British town planning has still not come to
terms with its category mistakes, performed
at the twin altars of internal combustion and
architectural modernism in the second half of
the 20th century. It has staged no inquiry,
there has been no apology for the staggering
cost, both financial and communal, it
inflicted on urban Britain to make way for
cars.
12
There is no better time to make amends,
and no better starting point than
Birmingham. The city needs no longer be
slave to the car.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Read the complete text. Where do the following incidents happen? Write the names of the
cities/countries in the blank.
1. The city centre was cleared to make room for cars.

2. Motor vehicles of different degrees of severity were

banned.
3.
Highways and a concrete slash are constructed across
the
4. historic city center.
5. Motor race around the city happened.
6. The streets were reorganised to make the downtown
7. car-free. Pedestrians are proposed to go on to
podiums.
Medieval towns are prospering with markets,
displays and
entertainment.

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Word search. In the article, find the words that share the same meanings as following
words/phrases.

a. a dramatic change in appearance

b. a very large, often the most significant city
c. too crowded or blocked
d. completely
e. a town
f. no longer used, needed or fashionable
g. empty
h. not obvious
i. seeming to be everywhere
j. very shocking and surprising
2. Complete the sentences with one of the words you have found from Exercise 1.

a. It takes a cost to keep the museum open to the public.

b. Traditional retailing is in danger of being rendered by the internet.
c. They propose a different way of measuring
economic progress.
 d. The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the
spread of English.
e. As the world’s first great industrial , London was also one of the
first to be badly polluted.

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. the great God car

…………………………………………………………………………………………
b. go begging

c. from necessary nuisance to toxic menace

……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. sheer scale
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. close call
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. come to terms with
…………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Comprehension questions
Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What was the terrible mistake made in the 1960s in Birmingham?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How did Boston solve its congested disaster?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. How was London saved from Birmingham’s fate?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What options are they considering for the space of unused highways in Birmingham?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. What does the author mean by stating “The city needs no longer be slave to the car”?
……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Do people in your country complain about traffic?
2. Do you think nowadays people are more dependent on cars than other types of vehicles? Why?
3. How does transportation affect the environment? How to reduce its negative effects?
EXTRA READING
Free Public Transport is Great News for The Environment But
It’s No Silver Bullet
By Ansgar Wohlschlegel
1
When Luxembourg announced recently that all
public transport in the country will be free from
next year, this radical move was received with
astonishment. After all, most nations would surely
shy away from putting such strain on public
finances and from antagonising those taxpayers who
don’t use public transport.
2
But supporting public transport is almost always
good for the environment. So, if the finances add
up, does this mean that the case for free public
transport is a no-brainer?
3
Economists like me view subsidies (or taxes) on
specific goods as ways to better align people’s
decisions with what is best for society as a whole.
The key question is whether free public transport is
a good way of achieving this.
4
When thinking about whether to buy any item
such as a book or an apple, we usually compare
how much we enjoy using this item with what we
must pay for it. In most cases, if the item is supplied
within a competitive market, the price that we pay
for something largely reflects society’s cost of
producing it, such as the use of natural resources or
labor.
5
This is not the case for driving a car, however. In
addition to our own private costs for petrol and
wear and tear, every
January 18, 2019
car ride imposes costs on other people by
polluting the air and congesting the roads.
Few of us would want to fully account for
these social costs when deciding whether to
use the car to do the school run or the
groceries. Therefore, people will often find
that the benefit of another car ride exceeds
the private cost, even when social costs –
that pollution and congestion – exceed any
social benefit. In other words, people will
use their cars too much from society’s point
of view.
6
The same reasoning applies for a person’s
choice between private and public transport.
If I think about whether to take the car to get
to work, I will compare the benefits and
costs to me with the next best alternative,
which may be to take the bus or train.
7
Trains and buses emit far less CO2 per
passenger-kilometre (though a full car is
cleaner than a half-full bus). EEA
8
But my use of public transport affects other
people much less than if I travelled by car:
per user, public transport causes much less
additional road congestion and air pollution
than a car. Yes, if too many people take the
bus it may get overcrowded, but once a
specific service is consistently over capacity,
the bus operator can add more services. But
as most people base their decisions on their
own cost on benefits
rather than those they impose on other people, the
decision between public and private transport will
typically be biased against public transport.
Why we have subsidies
9
The economic idea of subsidising public transport
is to level the playing field between these options.
If the subsidy is equal to the difference in other
people’s cost of me driving the car versus taking
the bus, my decision on the mode of transport will
be aligned with society’s best interest. So, are the
environmentalists right after all?
10
Let’s have a look at Luxembourg. Public
transport in the small, wealthy country is already
dirt cheap – a two- hour ticket with unlimited
journeys is just €2 – but road congestion is still
among the worst worldwide. It seems
Luxembourgish commuters are still choosing to
spend hours on a congested road, even though they
could easily afford the train.
11
Partly this is because, in general, individual
traffic is more convenient than public transport, as
car drivers can travel independently of timetables,
train lines or bus routes. Therefore, a denser
network or more frequent timetable may be a more
effective way of getting people out of their cars
than an even higher subsidy.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of free public transport in Luxembourg. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?
Furthermore, when cheap public transport
induces commuters to leave their cars at
home, roads get less congested. However,
this may make driving into the city more
attractive for people who otherwise would
have stayed at home, or more people may
choose to live on the outskirts rather than
in the city centre if commuting gets more
convenient or cheaper.
12
This demonstrates a fundamental
dilemma of transport policy: as soon as
traffic problems are relieved, even more
people will want to travel. Therefore,
those who are sceptical of entirely free
public transport do have a point. An
alternative way of levelling the playing
field between car driving and public
transport without inducing even more
people to travel is to increase the petrol
tax. Indeed, petrol prices in Luxembourg
are markedly lower than in neighbouring
Germany, Belgium and France, which may
well contribute to Luxembourgers’
reliance on cars.
13
In times of ever more alarming news
about global warming, every car that
won’t be driven as a result of free public
transport is an achievement. However, an
optimal policy needs to carefully balance
subsidies for public transport use with
petrol taxes and investments in the public
transport network.
 UNIT 3
Purposeful Travels
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Have you ever been asked “Why do you travel?”. Do you remember your answer?

Usually, there are two groups of travelers who would provide following answers. Which is your
group?

Group A
- Because we love it.
- It’s something we need to do.
- It is simply a way to relax/rewind.
- This is how our family bonds together.
- It’s kind of fun.
Group B
- It has deepened my life.
- My perspective has shifted.
- It changed how I see and interact with
nearly
every aspect of the world around me.
- I travel to learn.
- It provides context apart from me.

2. Have you ever gone on a trip to achieve a purpose? Share your answer with a partner.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: PERSONALIZING A STORY
To engage a reader in an article, writers often start an article by introducing a person re- lated to the
subject. Although they are not usually the focus of the article, this technique personalizes the story
and gets readers interested in the story.

1. Read the first paragraph of the article. With a partner, try to build up an image of John
Shackelford and why he would decide to go on a long-distance ride to visit places associated
with black history.
2. What can be the achievable impacts by personalizing stories in journalism?
 Traveling with a Purpose: For Some, It’s a 2021 Resolution
By Elaine Glusac January 22, 2021
1
Every year, John Shackelford, 26, a bicycle
messenger in New York City, takes what he calls a
“tour,” or long-distance ride with friends. Following
a summer of social unrest sparked by the murders of
George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and other black
Americans at the hands of police, the 2020 tour, he
decided, would travel roughly 1,100 miles from
Mobile, Ala., to Washington, D.C., visiting places
fun cruises, many are seeking to put more
associated with Black history, including Civil
meaning into their future travels, either
Rights landmarks, history museums and memorials
through a personal challenge like long-
such as the National Memorial for Peace and Justice
distance cycling, exploring their heritage or
in Montgomery, Ala. The pandemic was an obstacle
realizing a life goal such as visiting all 50
to visiting some sites, but not enough to hold back
states.
the ride.
5
2 While this sort of planning is often spurred
It was both a personal mission and a
by personal milestones or New Year’s
demonstration of diversity, something Mr.
resolutions, the passage of time and
Shackelford, who is black, hoped to model for
sometimes passage of time during the past
future generations of cyclists. From this kernel of
year has galvanized some to resolve not to
an idea, a movement grew as a film crew signed on
waste more time in pursuing their long-term
to document the trip named the Underground
goals or those newly hatched during the
Railroad Ride, which took Mr. Shackelford and four
pandemic. The recent rollout of vaccines
fellow cyclists 18 days to complete in October; a
gives some hope that they may be able to
sixth rider did half the route.
enact their plans sometime in the next year
3
“With all the anger and animosity going on, I felt or two.
this was the time to bring something important to 6
Mission-driven trips also assert a
the surface and answer some questions I’ve always
heightened sense of self-awareness. In her
had in terms of history,” Mr. Shackelford said.
book “Getting Away From It All: Vacations
4
The crises of 2020 — particularly the pandemic and Identity,” the author and sociologist
and the killings of black Americans — have caused Karen Stein writes that “vacations reveal
many travelers to rethink how and where to travel. what people choose to do, rather than what
Rather than taking luxury spa trips or sun-and- they must do. They are opportunities for
self-definition.”
7
It’s impossible to quantify the number of
mission-driven travelers out there, especially
when travel remains severely
depressed and restricted in many places, but tour
operators indicate some future travelers may do
more than fly and flop. At Hands Up Holidays, a
tour operator devoted to volunteer travel for
families, bookings for trips more than six months
out are two and a half times greater now than in
January 2020; restoring homes in New Orleans is its
most popular trip.
8
During the pandemic, the California- based travel
agency CrushGlobal Travel created road trip
guides in several regions of the United States that
aim to make road trips more inclusive by
highlighting Black-owned businesses.
9
And the tour company Backroads,
which provided the Underground Railroad
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Read the complete article and discuss the headline with a partner.
Why attaching a mission to travel is a 2021 resolution for some people?
VOCABULARY WORK
1. Based on the context, guess the meaning of these words and phrases taken from the
article.
i. social unrest sparked by the murders of (para. 1)
ii. this sort of planning is often spurred by
personal milestones (para. 5)
iii. do more than fly and flop (para. 7)
iv. make road trips more inclusive by highlighting
Black-owned businesses (para. 8)
v. so catalytic to personal growth (para. 10)
Ride with mapping and route logistics, plans
to offer a similarly themed biking and hiking
trip to the public next October in conjunction
with Outdoor Afro, a nonprofit organization
that encourages Black participation in
outdoor recreation and conservation.
10
“The pandemic has given our world an
opportunity to look within as well as at
tourism, which is so catalytic to personal
growth and raising awareness of ourselves
and others,” said Jake Haupert, the co-
founder of the Transformational Travel
Council, an organization that, among other
things, trains travel advisers in planning
more sustainable, purpose-led travel. “I think
we’re seeing an awakening to more
values-driven travel.”
a. stimulating
b. encompassing
c. go on a trip without any
planned activities
d. encouraged
e. caused
2. Fill in each blank with the correct forms of a word or phrase from Exercise 1.

a. The question a lively discussion.

b. My family goes on a holiday every year.
c. Governments do, however, have a vital role in orchestrating
rescue operations.
d. Fast fashion retailers have been quick to respond with sizing.
e. It’s the money that ………………………… these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in
their flimsy boats.
3. Find synonyms and antonyms for the words and phrases from Exercise 1.

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. kernel
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. bring something important to the surface
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. galvanized
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. newly hatched
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. a heightened sense of self-awareness
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. Why did John Shackelford decide to go on a mission-driven cycling trip?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How have the crises of 2020 affected travelers?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What does Karen Stein mean by “They are opportunities for self-definition.”?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. How have some travel agencies given values to their provided trips?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. According to Jake Haupert, how has the pandemic given us a blessing in disguise?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. How far do you agree with Karen Stein’s statement: “vacations reveal what people choose to
do, rather than what they must do. They are opportunities for self-definition.”?
2. What can you benefit from value-driven travel
EXTRA READING
Why Travelling with a Purpose is the Best Way to Travel
By Laura Pattara
1
Tourists the world over are finally catching on to
what long-term travellers have been waxing lyrical
about for years: travelling with a purpose, as
opposed to wandering aimlessly, really is the best
way to travel. Adding meaningfulness can make any
journey infinitely more rewarding and fulfilling and
has the ability to turn a mere ‘holiday’ into a truly
life- changing experience. Contrary to what many
inspirational messages will have you believe,
however, the limits of travelling with a purpose are
nearly endless.
2
There are more options for meaningful travel, out
there, than humans on our planet and that’s because
purpose, by its very definition, is an immensely
personal perspective. Whether you travel to
volunteer or learn a new language or to satisfy a
particular personal challenge (hike a mountain in
every country, watch a soccer match in every city or
hike through every national park you come across)
adding a spicy hint of purpose, along your travels,
can have immensely rewarding effects, some of
which you probably have never considered.
Altruistic or self-improving – any travel purpose
is a good travel purpose
3
Volunteering abroad is often held as the
purpose-standard by which all others are measured
yet socially responsible and meaningful travel isn’t
only about sacrificing your holiday time for solely
altruistic purposes. As a traveller, you can also
embark on a journey of self-discovery
and self-improvement: you can travel for
both philanthropic and inner purposes; you
can travel to meditate and de-stress, to
educate yourself on new cultures, histories
and cuisines. You can learn a new language,
gain a new practical skill and then, because
travel is just so awesome, you can travel to
sharpen your cultural awareness, to become
more tolerant and inclusive, to broaden your
mind and to become more optimistic.
4
You can travel to change the world and,
without doubt, to change yourself.
In travel, as in life, having purpose matters
5
Having a project – be it one major goal or
several smaller ones – adds fulfilment to any
journey because, at the end of the day,
purpose is what makes for a more fulfilling
life, in general. You get out of bed for a
reason, every morning, you work towards
your goals and save towards your dreams.
You put in the hard yakka because you see
the big picture, whatever that may be. Take
away purpose, from life, and everything you
do becomes a lot less interesting and
enticing.
6
Travel works much the same way,
becoming immensely more satisfying when
done for a reason or, as we love to say, with
purpose. That purpose can simply be to be
more socially and environmentally
conscious, to be more interested in the local
culture, perhaps taking an authentic cooking
class in every country one passes through or
to endeavour to learn a little
of the local language. Learning about the local
religious and spiritual beliefs when visiting
churches, temples and mosques, or a particularly
important historical event when admiring
monuments and visiting museums. Above all,
spreading the word to friends and family so they too
may become more aware, vicariously, through your
travels.
7
Mind you, there’s absolutely nothing to detract
from a few days or R&R on some glorious beach or
stunning jungle lodge. Recharging one’s batteries
and spending quality time with loved ones, in a
stupendous location, is as important a purpose as
any other.
8
Here are some of the reasons why travelling with a
purpose is the best way to travel:
9
Improving yourself, improves the world – Imagine
what our world would be like if every single one of
us became more understanding and more altruistic,
more culturally inclusive and ethnically tolerant,
more educated on world politics based on evidence
rather than mainstream media scaremongering?
Travelling has the ability to do all of this, and so
much more. Travelling with a purpose has the
potential to change us, all of us, into better and
more open human beings and considering the fact
that travel makes us happier & healthier anyway,
whether we choose to do so with purpose or not, it’s
evident that the global picture becomes a whole lot
brighter indeed.
10
You’ll become a more responsible traveller,
overall – Add a purpose to your journey and you’ll
instinctively become more aware of where you
spread your
hard-earned funds and what choices you
make. This is especially true if your own
‘purpose’ has an element of social
responsibility to it. Purposeful travel is
closely linked to responsible travel because
conscious travelling makes us acutely aware
of every single action and choice we make,
even before we’ve booked our flights abroad.
From respecting human rights to being more
environmentally conscious in places, like
Antarctica, that are under threat, to buying
souvenirs from respectable sources and
choosing the right kind of cultural
experiences to enjoy: start researching your
next journey’s purpose and you’ll
undoubtedly come across some type of
responsible-travel conundrum. When faced
with a purpose, the right choice becomes all
the more apparent.
11
Giving your journey a purpose will make it
more fulfilling – We’ve all been there, at
some stage; we’ve all booked an
all-inclusive resort somewhere close to home
for our yearly vacation simply because
choosing a meaningful trip just seemed to be
too hard. So off we went: we splashed, we
sunbathed and we somewhat enjoyed yet, at
the end of the day, we probably didn’t have
the kind of soul- stirring experience we’d
been craving. Purpose-less travel is not the
kind you rave about, not the kind of journey
you dream of recounting to your grandkids
even if it offers immediate relaxing effects.
Adding a meaning to your journey means
taking a more structured trip with a focus, a
goal, even if you only spend some of your
time dedicated to that. It makes the trip much
more memorable and still offers all those
marvellous in-between travel moments that
are spontaneous and unexpected. Travel
without a single purpose and you’ll

probably find time simply slipping away, days
blending and weeks flying by in a blur of
sameness. Add some kind of shape to the horizon,
however, and that sunset becomes all the more
enthralling.
12
It makes you consider your destination, very
carefully – Rather than simply picking the
‘cheapest place’ to fly to from your closest
international airport (see vacation description
above) dedicated travel forces you to hone in on
your most dreamed-about places and that will
ultimately make your journey all the more
rewarding. The difference between a cheap holiday
and an unforgettable experience comes down to a
hell of a lot more than just a few extra bucks. The
latter is the kind of trip you’ll want to tell the
grandkids about, the former is the one you’ll forget
in just a few weeks.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. Find the examples of purposeful and purposeless trips.
2. Design a purposeful and affordable vacation with a partner.
13
Travel with a purpose allows you to fit
more in – It is often said that we travel
when we’re young to have fun, when
we’re middle-aged to unwind and escape
the pressures of everyday life and, when
we’re even older, to learn new things
about foreign cultures and places. Yet with
purposeful travel, you can actually
achieve all three, no matter your age,
because once you are aware of your
‘purpose’ you can plan around it to also
include fun, relaxing and educational
pursuits. Travel with no plan at all and
you may just end up chasing your tail
around, wondering what on earth to do
every day, and not actually maximising
your time abroad. Travel with a wicked
plan and purpose, however, and you’ll be
surprised to discover just how many more
meaningful experiences you can squeeze
in, even in just a few weeks of travel.
 UNIT 4
The Store of Everything
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Write your definition of the word ‘surveillance’.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Compare your definition above with the four definitions below. Which definition is
closest to yours? Which definition is from the service business?
a. watching someone who is suspected of a crime carefully for a period of time
b. following someone’s behaviors to understand their habits in order to develop proper services
c. keep an eye on someone’s habits
3. Discuss the effects of technology development on personal privacy.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: DEVELOPING A STORY
Looking at the order in which a writer reports ideas helps you see how the writer is devel- oping his
or her point. What does the author emphasize in each paragraph? How does this contribute to the
whole article?

How will the article develop? Match the paragraph headings below to the paragraph numbers.
a. Amazon’s new product in the field of health-tracking
b. Suspicions of Halo
c. Amazon’s main purpose
d. Another form of data grab by Amazon
e. Halo’s feature which analyzes user’s voice
f. Example of being obsessive about Halo
g. Amazon’s new step into drug arena
 Surveillance As a Service
By Kara Swisher
1
Don’t get into a car with your family and tell
everyone that Jeff Bezos is listening through the
device on your wrist.
“He’s going to blackmail you,” my wife joked.
“That’s creepy,” my nephew said.
2
My younger teenage son was more clearly, telling
me to turn it off right away. He was the most
perturbed – and correctly so – by my testing of
Amazon’s new health and wellness tracker, called
Halo.
3
My family’s reaction was no surprise. A few
years ago, my older son showed his wariness of the
surveillance capabilities of tech companies: He
went around our new house unplugging all of the
Google Nest devices, even though his other mom
had been a top Google executive.
4
With Halo, I was working my family’s nerves,
especially because of its opt-in feature that uses a
microphone and machine learning to analyze the
user’s voice, giving insight into how people
perceive the user’s tone.
November 28, 2020
5
In simple terms, along with my sleep and
steps, the device can see my halo, as well as
my horns, recording my amusement and
anger and joy and irritation.
6
Halo is Amazon’s attempt to compete with
the Apple Watch and Google (which is
awaiting approval of its acquisition of Fitbit)
in the health-tracking arena. I got on the wait
list for it as soon as it was introduced in the
summer, and it arrived on Halloween. I
strapped on the attractive band and turned on
all the intrusive bells and whistles, which
Amazon had trumpeted as good for me.
7
The company has been on an endless quest
for information about me (and you, too). The
device widens the reach of the company’s
personal-data grab, adding a user’s body tone
and a body-fat analysis to the information it
vacuums up, which required photos of me in
as pared down a state of dress as possible.
8
Doubling down on owning the
consumption grid, Amazon this month
announced a major push into the prescription
drug arena, since it needs to move into ever
bigger markets like health and wellness in
order to keep up its explosive growth. The
announcement of Amazon Pharmacy to
deliver prescription drugs to the home sent
the stock prices of drugstore chains crashing.
Innovation-free and customer-
service-resistant for far too long, the big
drugstores have left themselves vulnerable to
a company like Amazon, which can offer
discounts, great service and who-knows-
what-else-but-it-will-be-nifty to its members.

9
In the last few weeks of using Halo, it finally
clicked with me as to why Amazon needs a device
that tracks sleep and movement and body fat and
even body tone: An Echo is too far away from our
bodies, and the consumer goods we order give the
company much information about us but not
enough.
10
Amazon needs even more, and to be even closer –
skintight – to understand the state of me at all times.
Then the company can begin to really determine
what I might need or want all of the time.
11
This enormous idea has been at the heart of Mr.
Bezos’s dream for a long time: to suck up the data
from willing participants and give them back
exactly what they want, for a price. This may be
perhaps the most perfect signal-to-noise ratio ever
collected. Health info, entertainment likes and
dislikes, and purchase data offer a panoply of
insights.
12
Am I upset? Send the ice cream and
antidepressants! Happy? Send the champagne and
music! Am I sleepless? Perhaps some warm milk
and a weighted blanket – only $39.99 on Amazon
and delivered today.
13
Helpful, for sure, but the underlying concept –
surveillance as a service – gets exponentially more
problematic and seems even more sinister when we
consider recent reports such as Amazon is
monitoring the labor organizing activities of its own
employees.
14
That should come as no surprise given the
breadth of how much personal data Amazon
has been ingesting. Another example of the
data grab can be seen with the autonomous
home security camera drone. Called the
Always Home Cam, it was introduced in late
September by Amazon’s Ring division and is
supposed to become available by the end of
the year.
15
Ring, which already got dinged for
hacking violations last year, tried clumsily
to assuage privacy concerns in a blog post
by its founder Jamie Siminoff: “The camera
will only start recording when the device
leaves the base and starts flying via one of
the preset paths. We even designed Always
Home Cam to hum at a certain volume, so
it’s clear the camera is in motion and is
recording. This is privacy you can hear.”
16
Actually, it’s an intrusion of privacy that
you can hear through a drone that can hear
you, not unlike my Halo. Testing, one, two,
three, indeed.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Read the article and choose the alternative which comes closest to accurately reflect the meaning
of the passage.

1. Which word best describes the feelings of the writer’s family on Halo?

a. excited b. upset c. suspicious

2. The writer mentions that such products as Halo are:

a. definitely helpful b. potentially dangerous c. expensive

3. In general, the ambition of Amazon is:

a. hacking personal information b. collecting data c. analyzing purchase data

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Focus on verbs and nouns.

1a. Transform the following verbs into nouns, and vice versa.

Verbs Nouns Nouns Verbs

compete surveillance

trumpet amusement

determine irritation

strap approval

assuage consumption

perceive intrusion

analyze announcement

1b. Complete the following sentences using the words from Exercise 1a with their appropriate form.

a. Their marriage was as the wedding of the year.

b. Some drugs can the lining of the stomach.
c. She apologized for the but said she had an urgent message so she
had to enter their house without permission.
 d. His reply did little to my suspicions.
e. She showed great in her assessment of the family situation.
2. Guessing meaning from context. Look at the following expressions taken from the article.
Match each one with its explanation.

1. perturbed a. (growing) quickly

2. exponentially b. anxious
3. wariness c. (increasing) suddenly and rapidly
4. explosive d. suspicion

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. had trumpeted as good for me

……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. perfect signal-to-noise ratio
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. a panoply of insights
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. got dinged for hacking violations
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. to assuage privacy concerns
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What is Halo?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How could Halo widen Amazon’s approach to collecting personal data?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What would happen to big drugstores when Amazon implemented its prescription
drug delivery?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. According to the author, how dangerous is “surveillance as a service”?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. Why do we need to be careful with such autonomous in-home devices as Always Home
Cam?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Have you ever thought of “surveillance societies”? How do you define this term?
2. What would happen when surveillance power becomes ubiquitous?
EXTRA READING
Research reveals The Dark Side of Wearable Fitness Trackers
By Rikke Duus and Mike Cooray
1
You no longer have to look to science fiction to
find the cyborg. We are all cyborgs now. Mobile
phones, activity trackers, pacemakers, breast
implants and even aspirins all act as biological,
cognitive or social extensions and enhancements of
our bodies and minds. Some have even predicted
that human beings as we know them will be
replaced by technically enhanced, god-like
immortal beings within 200 years. Or at least rich
people will.
2
The next generation of wearable technology is set
to take us one step closer to this predicted future.
We are now looking at a future of bionic, data-rich
and in-body technologies that may forever change
what it means to be human.
Will next-generation wearable sensors make us
healthier?
3
The company Athos plans to launch fitness clothes
that measure muscle activity, heart rate and
respiration in real time. Its marketing material
encourages consumers to “upgrade” and become
“the ideal version” of themselves. In doing so,
Athos clearly reveals its transhumanist stance: the
idea that technology will take our species to the
next evolutionary stage. Together with jeans
manufacturer Levi Strauss & Co, Google is
developing clothing that interacts with your devices.
With touch- sensitive surfaces, the garments will be
able to monitor weight gain, understand your
gestures, make phone calls and more.
4
Fitness and activity trackers as we know them may
also soon be surpassed by biometric wristbands that
can measure what
September 1, 2016
is going on inside your body. Researchers at
Echo Labs are currently working on
a biometric band that can measure your
oxygen, CO2, PH, hydration and blood
pressure levels via optical signals.
5
Several initiatives are even underway to
create implantable technologies, that
could essentially augment human biology.
Internal microchips and digital tattoos could
replace smart wristbands, payment devices
and the like in the next few years.
The question that is often not asked however
is: “How do we feel about living with
technology on (or in) our bodies 24/7?”
Always on, always on me
6
We recently conducted a study with 200
women who wore a Fitbit activity tracker. It
revealed that most users embraced the
devices as part of themselves and stopped
treating it as an external technology. It was
“always on, always on me” with 89% of
participants wearing it almost constantly,
only taking it off to recharge the battery.
7
We also found that the Fitbit was an active
participant in the construction of
everyday life. It had a profound impact on the
women’s decision-making in terms of their diet,
exercise and how they travelled from one place to
another. Almost every participant took a longer
route to increase the number of steps they took
(91%) and amount of weekly exercise (95%) they
did. Most increased their walking speed to reach
their Fitbit targets faster (56%). We also saw a
change in eating habits to more healthy food,
smaller portion sizes and fewer takeaways (76%).
8
Most women in the study believed it was
important to quantify their daily activities (88%)
and checked their progress dashboard more than
twice a day (84%). The chase was on to receive
gratifying “hooray” and “champ” messages when a
target was reached. One person even said: “I love
my Fitbit Flex because it gives me a pat on the back
every night.”
9
We were particular interested in finding out how
women related to their Fitbit. For many, it was seen
as a friend who helps them reach their targets
(68%). Reaching the daily targets creates feelings of
happiness (99%), self-satisfaction (100%), pride
(98%) and motivation (98%). A good day where the
targets were reached made them like Fitbit more
(96%). Most (77%) would even go back home to
fetch their Fitbit if they had left without it.
The darker side
10
But in analysing these findings, we also started to
notice that the relationship is perhaps not as pure
and unproblematic
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. Discuss the pros and cons of wearable fitness trackers.
2. How do we feel about living with technology on (or in) our bodies 24/7?
as first believed. The idea that technology is
both liberating and oppressive, first
articulated by philosopher Lewis Mumford
(PDF) in the 1930s, started to shine through.
When we asked the women how they felt
without their Fitbit, many reported feeling
“naked” (45%) and that the activities they
completed were wasted (43%). Some even
felt less motivated to exercise (22%).
11
Perhaps more alarming, many felt under
pressure to reach their daily targets (79%)
and that their daily routines were controlled
by Fitbit (59%). Add to this that almost 30%
felt that Fitbit was an enemy and made them
feel guilty, and suddenly this technology
doesn’t seem so perfect.
12
Wearable technologies can have a positive
impact on the way we lead our lives by
giving us insight into ourselves and enabling
us to interact in new ways. However, it is
also clear that when we invite technology
onto or into our bodies, we have to be
willing to share everyday decision making.
As wearables crunch our every move, we
will increasingly be told what to do and how
best to behave and communicate with others.
13
For now, we believe wearables can be our
companions, but the early signs of a
technology takeover are there, questioning
the sustainability of the current relationship.
Whether we want to or not, we are slowly,
but steadily, transforming into a new human
species. Enter: homo cyberneticus.
1. THE CULTURE SECTION
There is a culture section in newspapers which covers areas such as arts and entertain- ment. This
section offers up-to-date information on cultural events or current trends. Typ- ical events covered
include:
Movies Music concerts Books Exhibitions
Theatre Gaming Fashion shows Reality shows

2. MY PERSONAL TASTE
Before reading the articles in this section, think about your own preferences in the areas of art and
entertainment. Why do you like a certain genre of film or music? Would you describe yourself as
having a wide range of preferences? List your own personal favorites below then compare your list
with a partner.
MY FAVOURITE

Movie
Actor/Actress
Singer
Book/Novel
Game

3. ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND MORE

Look at the titles of the four articles in the section:
● Movie theater owners are frustrated about streaming, but their survival depends on studios
● “It’s important to me to show unity between women” — Dua Lipa’s Quest to Pro- duce Music
That Matters
● But mom, video games are my job
● Apple Arcade v Google Stadia: which is the future for video games?
Before reading these articles, think about how entertainment and recreation have changed
recently. Use the suggestions below for your answer.
 UNIT 5

Struggling Film Industry

PRE-READING TASKS
1. Talking about the film business. Check that you understand the meaning of the
following words and expressions.

franchise films film piracy box office on-demand platforms

streaming services distributor cinema chains blockbusters
2. Have you ever heard of any of these film/TV production companies in the following
picture?

3. Do you prefer English-speaking films or local ones? Explain and discuss your film
preferences with a partner.

4. Have you ever subscribed to any streaming services? If yes, share your experiences.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: FINDING KEY INFORMATION
Many writers put key information in the first two paragraphs. The remaining paragraphs are
amplification and should include quotes, statistics, or examples. The last paragraph should tie in all
this information. It can, therefore, be a good idea to read certain parts of an article intensively and
identify important ideas before reading the complete article.
1. Look at the whole article. Decide whether the article conforms to the pattern described above.
2. Complete the table below. Scan the article to find the missing information.

Before Covid-19

Cinema owners During Covid-19

After Covid-19
 Movie Theater Owners Are Frustrated about Streaming, but
Their Survival Depends on Studios
By Sarah Whitten January 2, 2021
1
A lot has changed in the entertainment industry in
2020. With the surge in coronavirus cases has
come an increased uneasiness from audiences,
truncated theatrical windows and a stronger focus on
streaming than ever before.
2
In spite of massive disruption in the industry,
cinema owners and distributors are doing what they
6
can to keep things professional during a time of high However, when the pandemic hit and
stress and emotion. Cinema owners who spoke to theaters were forced to shutter for nearly six
CNBC said that they understood why studios have months. After all, bankruptcy concerns have
had to postpone major films and place some of those been raised by cinemas chains big and small
movies on streaming services or on-demand over the last nine months.
platforms. 7
Not to mention, cinemas have seen their
number of locations shrink in recent
Disrupting the status quo
months. As of last weekend only around
3
For decades theater owners have been resistant to 35% of the theaters in North America were
change, particularly when it comes to the length of open. Many of these closures are due to
time that movies should play in cinemas before local restrictions, but some larger chains
being permitted to go to premium video on- demand, have opted to shut locations because they
home video or streaming services. are losing too much money being open with
such limited amounts of product.
4
Up until this year, blockbuster films had to be 8
“Most of the studios experimented with
shown in theaters for at least 90 days before they
alternative distribution when they found
could be launched anywhere else. That window
themselves unable to distribute films in
typically included around 74 days of exclusive
normal windows,” said Michael Pachter,
theatrical showings, two weeks of availability on
analyst at Wedbush. “Universal tried
digital release and then the inclusion of home video
premium [video on-demand] after a 17 day
sales.
window, Disney tried premium [video on-
5
These windows were created by studios decades demand] exclusively at a very high price,
ago in an effort “to get multiple bites out of the and Warner tried day and date streaming
same apple,” another movie theater operator said. and theatrical.”
9
“The streaming window was always
the last resort,” he said.
Business as usual
10
While larger chains like AMC and Cinemark
were able to make deals with studios like Universal
for a cut of on- demand profits once movies flipped
to streaming, smaller theater chains have less
bargaining power.
11
“I would say our relationships are pretty much the
same as before,” said a movie theater owner from
the Midwest, who requested anonymity. “I’m
dealing with presidents of distribution. In so many
cases, these decisions are above them. The HBO
Max decision was way above the head of
distribution. It’s no good to get in a fight with the
distribution teams, they are afraid for their jobs,
too.”
12
“I’m mad at AT&T*, I’m mad at Comcast**,” he
said. “I’m not necessarily mad at Warner Bros.
distribution.”
13
For these smaller circuits, decisions like AT&T’s
to release its full slate of 2021 Warner Bros. movies
on the same day in theaters and streaming are
costly. Having these titles available at home
decreases the incentive for customers to come out to
the theater.
14
“We’re not happy with day and date,” the
Midwest operator said. “But, I’d rather have
product day and date than have zero product at all.”
15
“The idea that studios make important content for
direct-to-home is not a unique concept,” said a
worldwide operator with a large national footprint,
who spoke on condition of anonymity. “What tech
has now done is allow more of that. Content is king.
Content was king before the virus and
*AT&T: the world’s largest telecommunications company, and the second largest provider of mobile telephone services. It is
also the parent company of mass media conglomerate WarnerMedia, making it one of the world’s largest media and
entertainment companies in terms of revenue.
** Comcast: the second-largest broadcasting and cable television company in the world by revenue (behind AT&T), the
largest pay-TV company, the largest cable TV company and the largest home Internet service provider in the United States.
content will be king after the virus. Content
is where it begins and ends. That hasn’t
changed.”
The path forward
16
As vaccination rates increase and cases
decrease, there will likely be more
alterations to the theatrical release model,
but one thing is clear: the movie theater is
not dead. Earlier this month Disney CEO
Bob Chapek acknowledged that his company
garnered around $13 billion at the global box
office in 2019, calling that success “not
something to sneeze at.”
17
While Disney will release the animated
feature “Raya and the Last Dragon” on
premium video on demand through Disney+
and in theaters at the same time in March, it
doesn’t plan on making this a permanent
box-office strategy. Disney executives said
that they will remain flexible about future
releases, but made sure to reiterate that titles
like “Black Widow” and “Jungle Cruise”
will head to theaters as planned.
18
In 2019, the global box office topped
$42 billion, the highest haul of all time.
Already in markets like Japan, China and
Australia, where coronavirus cases have
dropped significantly, analysts and operators
are seeing box offices recover and thrive.
19
“What we learned during the pandemic is
that it is not easy to replace all that lost
theatrical window revenue,” said Eric
Handler, media and entertainment analyst at
MKM Partners. “That feeds a lot of
downstream revenue opportunities. There
will be changes to the model, but I still think
theatrical is something that will remain.”
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Match the paragraph headings below with the correct paragraph in the text. The first one has
been done for you.

1. Changes in film industry in 2020 Paragraph 1

2. The great year of film industry

3. Thing that always stays the same
4. Differences between big and small cinema chains
5. Other solutions for studios
6. Movie theatres will survive
7. Contentious relation between Studios and Movie theatre
8. Something is better than nothing

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Guessing from context. Read the following expressions taken from the article and
choose the meaning between a and b.

i. truncated (para. 1) a. shortened in duration b. complicated in content

ii. resistant (para. 3) a. unwilling b. opposing

iii. shrink (para. 7) a. decrease b. close

iv. costly (para. 13) a. expensive b. causing loss

v. to reiterate (para. 17) a. to repeat to emphasize b. to promise

2. Find the words or expressions in the text that match the explanations below.

a. the number of days separating a film’s theatrical release date from its DVD rental or VOD
(video on demand) release date: …………………………………….
b. the time when a film becomes available in theaters, DVD, and VOD all on the same day:
……………………………………..
EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. status quo
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. multiple bites out of the same apple
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. the last resort
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. full slate of
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. to sneeze at
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. downstream revenue
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What challenges has the film industry in the U.S been facing recently?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Before the coronavirus pandemic, what was the agreement between the studios and
cinema owners?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Why was the Midwest cinema owner angry with AT&T and Comcast, but not distribu-
tion teams?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. In paragraph 17, what box-office strategy did the author refer to?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. According to the author, when the pandemic is over, what would happen to the cin-
ema industry?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. In paragraph 15, an operator said that Content was the king. How far do you agree or disagree
with his statement?
2. Discuss the future of streaming services with your partners.
EXTRA READING
Streaming Wars: How Threatening Are They Really to The Film
Industry?
By Gianluca Sergi
1
In a world of countless entertainment
opportunities, movies are one of the few remaining
proven ways to attract a new audience and retain
existing ones. Yet the dominant narrative seems to
be that in the age of the internet the old system of
theatrical release can no longer cater for audiences
worldwide – or so we are told.
2
Digital technologies – streaming in particular – are
expected to replace the legacy of theatrical releases,
bringing movies into the fold of the growing Direct-
to-Consumer (DTC) list of industries, as opposed to
third-party distribution through theatrical release.
3
This particular story of the new supplanting the
old – turbocharged by the pandemic – is often
portrayed as a matter of “when”, not “if”. It was
under this narrative that AT&T – the US
telecommunications giant that owns Warner
Brothers – suddenly announced its decision to
release all of Warner Brothers movies for 2021
simultaneously in cinemas and on HBO Max, its
streaming service.
4
Industry observers and commentators have
accordingly suggested the move shows that the
studio “has finally embraced the inevitable future,
even if they’re not saying it explicitly”.
A mighty clash of cultures
5
This bold move has managed the rather rare feat
of uniting everyone in the film industry in utter
contempt.
December 17, 2020
Filmmakers feel betrayed, as they had in
good faith designed movies meant for the big
screen to be experienced in a theatrical
setting. Cinemas, both independents and
major chains, feel abandoned in perhaps their
most desperate hour of need.
6
Talent agencies, meanwhile, are also
fuming as their clients are potentially left out
of lucrative back-end film earnings – what
the industry calls “residuals”. And, as
expected, audiences are growing confused.
As the number of platforms offering movies
multiply, so too do monthly subscription
costs and crowded programme listings to
navigate.
7
As if that were not enough, studio partners
feel hoodwinked as their initial investment
(often covering 50% or more of the overall
price of a movie) was made with the
understanding that it was towards a theatrical
release and related profits, not to bolster
subscription numbers for a streaming
platform.
8
As both movies and streaming platforms
are now owned by the same people, there is
no agreement of this kind. In the past, some
money exchanged hands, filtering down
from licensing fees streamers like Netflix
which would pay a studio to show their
films. With dual ownership of streamers and
films, that’s now out of the window.
9
Some, including Ann Sarnoff, chief
executive of WarnerMedia Studios, have
rushed to point out that it is simply a
temporary response to the current crisis

and that it may well go away as soon as audiences
return to theatres in about a year’s time.
The death of cinema?
10
Be that as it may, the issue is not whether any of
the recent announcements about pivoting to
streaming make financial sense “right now”. It does:
HBO Max is placing fourth in a three-horse
streaming race – way behind Netflix, Amazon and
Disney – and needed to do something about it.
Hosting all Warner Brothers movies is a deliberate
move to bolster its offering.
11
The issue is that the Warner/AT&T decision fuels
a popular fallacy engulfing the film industry: that
studios are simply reacting to what customers want.
John Stankey, AT&T’s CEO, illustrates this
perfectly when he says that: “Customers are going
to drive what occurs in the market ultimately.”
12
The same narrative of the “death of cinema”
also falls prey to the cult of innovation – where
“innovation is now so fervently favoured that it
almost cannot be questioned”. In the understandable
excitement about streaming as a new form of
revenue and audience engagement, legitimate
concerns about the future of film raised by those
making movies, those showing them and their
audiences, are forgotten.
13
Framing these decisions as being influenced
solely by consumer satisfaction ignores history and
forgets that while the cinema (and television) model
has survived countless crises, streaming has not yet
faced its first.
14
We don’t yet know how and when a
streaming crisis may manifest itself. Will it
be consumer fatigue, or a lack of returns on
huge initial investments? Will investors pull
out? Perhaps streaming platforms will reach
a natural limit in potential pools of
subscribers? But come it will – and industry
analysts are suggesting that “this might be
the calm before the streaming storm”.
15
The AT&T/Warner announcement and
related commentary do all of the above
mostly because of its internal, unavoidable
clash of cultures.
16
AT&T is a technology company in the
business of 5g, mobile telephony and
internet pipelines. Content is acquired to
serve those pipelines and justify their
existence and expense. Warner Brothers is in
the business of making films as its primary
function, later also ensuring they reach the
widest possible audience, using the most
effective means of distribution.
17
What could be a heavenly partnership of
shared interests is in fact a marriage made in
hell as the two partners are pulled in opposite
directions by their respective priorities.
18
This narrative of crisis where theatrical
release is the underlying issue and streaming
is its cure, is evidently in need of some story
editing.
19
Film is not dead, not even dying in fact. It
is growing significantly in most regions in
the world, while proving stubbornly stable in
the US. It is understandable to be concerned
about the present but to ignore the data
because it does not match the narrative is
shortsighted.
20
Dry up that reservoir of movies feeding the
theatrical ecosystem and companies will quickly
look like any other streaming service vying for
attention online. This will make them less stable
and more open to market turbulence, not less.
21
The film and TV industry, Hollywood in
particular, is a business of relationships: with
filmmakers, exhibitors, investors, audiences and
beyond. They represent the connective tissue that
is needed for this industry to function. To ignore
the ambitions – creative and financial – of any one
of these groups is to undermine
the very foundations of this industry, one made
of people, not platforms.
22
Streaming is, as yet, untested by crisis.
There is no history of it. No rulebook on
how to react to an unforeseen
development. Film and television have a
long history of survival: declared dead
many times, but always surviving.
Something to ponder while we prepare for
future crises.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Some people opine that cinema will eventually lose its appeal to mass people and very few people
will go to cinema theatres. Do you agree or disagree with this view?
Discuss with your partners in 15 minutes then write an essay in formal style, at least 250
words in length.
 UNIT 6
Feminist Musical Voices
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Think of a celebrity you like. How would you describe that person to someone who didn’t
know him or her? Think both of the celebrity’s physical appearance and personality. Write
several words or phrases.
2. Discuss these questions with a partner:
How do you imagine the life of a celebrity?
Do you need to possess a certain talent to become famous? Would you
like to become a celebrity? Why or why not?

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: REPORTING ON A CELEBRITY
Celebrities are often in the news because people are interested in reading about them. Interviews
and news articles about celebrities often give the reader information about the celebrity’s personal
life. Sometimes there is no event to report – just being a celebrity is worth being written about.
1. Scan the article to find information about singer Dua Lipa.

Check the items that are true about Lipa according to the article.
□ is a feminist
□ is currently in a relationship
□ has a self-titled album
□ plays the violin
□ has a complicated relationship with social media
□ went off social media for a period of time
□ is a model
□ is British
□ makes music reflecting women’s power and vulnerability
□ would like to act in a movie
2. How does the writer portray Dua Lipa? Find all the phrases or sentences in the article that
give you an impression of Lipa’s personality.
 “It’s Important to Me to Show Unity Between Women” - Dua
Lipa’s Quest to Produce Music That Matters

By Noelle Faulkner May 26, 2020

1
Over the past 12 months, a post- modern revolution
has been afoot. Driven by YouTube, Instagram, and,
most of all, video social media apps TikTok and
Dubsmash, there has been an unstoppable wave of
young people putting their own spin on
mixtape/playlist culture. The example we’re
specifically talking about is a highly addictive dance
routine created by 19-year-old Filipino-Australian
TikToker Hannah Balanay, to the tune of Dua Lipa’s
latest anthem of independence, “Don’t Start Now.”
The #DuaLipaChallenge, as it’s known, is one of the
biggest viral dances on the platform. The song itself
features in at least four million TikTok videos – and
it’s less than eight months old. That’s not how it should be.” Lipa not only
makes music for celebrating your girl gang, her
2
“What dance?!” exclaims Lipa, when she learns entire creative output is based on it.
of the phenomenon. Having created her own TikTok
3
account days before, she’s been so on the move that If you look at the videos of her major hits
she’s been oblivious to the internet- fuelled frenzy “Blow Your Mind (Mwah),” “IDGAF,” and
around her song. “This is incredible – I can’t “New Rules,” you’ll notice two things: the
believe it. They’re all so good,” she says, laughing elegant and vibrantly stylized visuals set to
as she flicks through them. Unlike the negativity an overture of feminism and how Lipa is
found on Twitter and Instagram, the online tribes of constantly surrounded by a diverse army of
(mostly female) creators dancing in their bedrooms women. “When I was creating the videos, it
with friends on TikTok encompass everything was almost like, ‘Well, obviously this is what
Lipa’s music stands for: community, freedom, I’m going to do.’ Because that’s where I feel
empowerment, acceptance, creativity, and most comfortable. When I’m supported or
sentimentality. “It’s important to me to show unity surrounded by other girls, it’s empowering”
between women,” she says. “We should be seeing she says. “New Rules,” from her 2017 debut
more girls, more diversity, more togetherness. For eponymous album, which has had more than
so long, people have pitted women being against two billion views on YouTube, was the result
each other. of stumbling upon a winning formula. “I
created a video around my reality and my
friends. It came across as strong female
empowerment,

which I’m so proud of and happy about. I continued
with that because I love how it made other women
feel, and how it makes my friends and sister feel. I
never knew it was going to do what it did,” she
continues. “It completely changed my life.”
4
A universal leveler between celebrity and fans is
social media. For Lipa, it’s where she’s learned the
names and faces of her supporters. But Lipa admits
the love/ hate relationship has become asymmetrical
and describes social media as a breeding ground
for anxiety. “I grew up with social media; it’s
always been fun,” she says. “But it became difficult,
especially on Twitter, towards the end of my first
album campaign. The more fun things I had to do,
or the bigger things got, there would be more
opinions and negativity… I didn’t feel supported.”
5
Lipa admits that without a social media detox, her
second album, Future Nostalgia, wouldn’t have
happened. “I probably would’ve gone into a vicious
cycle of trying to recreate the same thing,” she
shrugs. During her detox, the singer undertook her
own research, as seen in a talk she did for the
Cambridge Union in November 2019. “I looked at
the impact social media has on women and what is
expected of us, and the differences between male
and female artists,” she explains. “We need to figure
out a way to be kinder to ourselves and each other,
instead of bringing each other down… I’m not even
saying, like, Oh, I want people to be nicer to me, I
think we should be creating safer environments in
general for everyone. Words affect people. We’re
losing touch with empathy, compassion, and
kindness.”
6
As an artist, Lipa is incandescent, but she
also captures the essence of how it feels to
be a young woman in a post-#MeToo era by
canvassing sexuality, intelligence, power,
vulnerability, and playfulness. And naturally,
Future Nostalgia reflects this. “Don’t Start
Now” is an effervescent power bop about
how she’s “so moved on it’s scary” from a
terrible breakup. The final stamp, “Boys Will
Be Boys,” is much more poignant and
written by Lipa as a conversation starter.
“It’s about the growing pains of what it’s like
to be a girl,” she says. She adds, “Girls have
to go through so much. You cover up
yourself to avoid confrontation from men,
avoid sexual harassment, people throwing
words or catcalling. We change our ways to
fit somebody else’s lifestyle. It’s sad.”
Though not always comfortable with her role
model status, Lipa wants the song to be
taken as a guiding light for her young fans.
“I want them to be able to listen to it and
pose questions, and figure out a way to
change that feeling so we don’t have to go
through the same thing for so many
generations.”
7
As one of the few British female artists in
the top echelon of the charts at the moment,
Lipa is a self-appointed spokesperson for
young women in the UK and takes
advantage of every public speaking event to
champion equality in creative industries. At
the base level of what she does, Lipa, with
her creative autonomy and empathetic,
genuine attitude, is transforming the role of a
modern-day pop star, and making it look
effortless. “I think it’s important to do things
that you believe in,” she says. “Being a part
of this feminist wave in music without even
initially thinking about it is something I’m so
proud of, because of the impact it has.”
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
1. Read the complete article to infer the answers to these yes/ no questions about Dua
Lipa.

If the answer cannot be determined from the article, write no information.

a. Did she create a dance routine for her song Don’t Start Now? ………………..
b. Is her music against women’s empowerment? ………………..
c. Is New Rules her most favorite song? ………………..
d. Does social media have any negative impact on her mental health? ………………..
e. Has her second album been as successful as her first one? ………………..
f. Is she a role model for her fans? ………………..
2. Do you already have an opinion on Dua Lipa before reading this article? If so, has
reading the article changed your viewpoint of her?

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Based on the context, guess the meaning of these words and phrases taken from the
article.

i. encompass everything Lipa’s music stands for (para. 2) a. passionate

ii. was the result of stumbling upon a winning formula (para. 3) b. include
iii. As an artist, Lipa is incandescent (para. 6) c. discovering by chance
iv. The final stamp, “Boys Will Be Boys”, is much more poignant d. bitter
(para. 6)
v. to champion equality in creative industries (para. 7) e. stand up for

2. Fill in each blank with the correct forms of a word or phrase from Exercise 1.

a. The job a wide range of responsibilities.

b. Romeo and Juliet is a love story that ends in tragedy.
c. Yesterday I an old acquaintance at the airport.
d. Anne Hathaway delivered an performance in Les Misérables.
e. She equal rights for women for decades.
3. Find synonyms and antonyms for the words and phrases from Exercise 1.
EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. afoot
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. internet-fuelled frenzy
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. people have pitted women being against each other
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. leveler
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. breeding ground
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. social media detox
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What does Dua Lipa’s music represent? What does she wish to see more?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How did Lipa come up with a winning formula?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. How is Lipa’s relationship with social media?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What did Dua conclude from her social media detox?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. What was the inspiration behind the song Boys Will be Boys?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Have you ever heard of #Metoo movement? What is it about?
2. Discuss the differences between Feminism and Sexism.
3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “All feminists hate men.”?
EXTRA READING
Hailee Steinfeld: ‘There’s This Rule That To Be Special You Have To
Be Different To Other Women’
By Rebecca Nicholson
1
To say that Hailee Steinfeld is taking a leisurely
approach to her first album would be an
understatement. Since her first single, Love Myself,
came out in August 2015, followed by an EP, Haiz,
a couple of months later, fans of the singer have
been so desperate for her to release a full-length that
they’ve taken to making banners to wave in her
direction at live performances. “Hailee, where’s the
album?” read a succinct plea at the Capital
Summertime Ball at Wembley stadium in June,
where Steinfeld was re-creating her spot on the
huge 2016 single Starving, featuring Grey and
Zedd. “They’re so patient!” says the 20-year-old the
following day. “I’m working on the music, and I’m
just getting it in the perfect place for them to hear
it.” What’s taking so long? “Well, I’m sort of out of
the game when I make movies, which is a big
reason that it takes me a while.”
2
Unusually for a pop star, Steinfeld came to
singing fame with an Oscar nomination already
under her belt – for best supporting actress, at the
age of 14, for a brilliant turn in the Coen brothers’
True Grit. Six years on, she has pivoted in a
different direction: despite a return to critical
acclaim in the 2016 coming-of-age movie The Edge
of Seventeen, she is mostly starring in teen- leaning
blockbusters such as Pitch Perfect 2 and the
forthcoming Transformers spin- off Bumblebee.
3
She is the kind of famous that means her
bodyguard paces up and down outside the room
while we talk; tabloids write about her as if every
outfit were a showcase for
July 25, 2017
“flaunting” her legs or her abs. She has had
to deny she’s dating Justin Bieber. She’s
mates with Taylor Swift. She is the kind of
famous, then, that means she understands
how anything she says that deviates from the
path of polite platitudes may be blown out of
all proportion. And so she is polite, and
grateful for every opportunity, and points to
the hard work of people behind the scenes of
music and movies, and is ever so nice, and a
bit reserved.
4
Her current single, Most Girls, is a tropical
house banger with an intriguing premise,
which the video makes plain. A handsome
model type tells her she’s not like most girls.
Instead of swooning at the sight of his
chiselled jaw, she looks disappointed in him
and does a runner. “I felt that we’ve been
accepting the compliment ‘You’re not like
most girls’ for a very long time. I have. I feel
like there’s been this golden standard or rule
that in order to be special you have to be
different to other women,” she explains. You
could say that it’s empowerment pop. It’s
about being happy in your own skin, rather
than simpering to a boy’s idea that you’re
only worthwhile because other girls aren’t. “I
think this generation of women is more than
ever banding together and really lifting each
other up, and I think girls and guys are really
starting to think that way as well,” she says.
5
Still, when the video came out, that’s not
exactly what the focus was on. “Here I am
singing this song about how most girls are
beautiful, strong, independent, have so much
to offer. And the headlines out of
that were: ‘Hailee tries on a bunch of wigs, shows
off her midriff,’ or whatever. That’s not what I’m
trying to say.”
6
“So the music became more of a side- project over
the years, and I would write and record, and I would
record covers, just so that I could get the feel of
being in the studio. Pitch Perfect 2 [which came out
in 2015] was what I used as the perfect bridge into
making music, because it felt like it made sense. It
wasn’t necessarily random in terms of: here I am as
an actor, now I’m releasing music. It was like: here
is something I also really love to do.”
7
That first single, Love Myself, sowed the seeds
for Steinfeld’s particular brand of girls-together
housey-pop, though its big chant-led chorus about
not needing anybody else was deliberately open to
another level of meaning, with Vice’s music channel
Noisey labelling it a “mastur- banger”. “That was a
surreal moment. It was everything I wanted for a
first single. It was bold. It was a reminder to myself
how much self-love and self-confidence means and
how important that is. I was about to perform the
song on a talkshow, I was nervous as heck, and
there I was singing, ‘I love myself’, and that’s the
bottom line.”
8
It may surprise people to know that she needs the
reminder. “Sure. I absolutely do. More so than
people would think. I feel like it’s just as easy for
me as it is for my friends in high school and college
and at their jobs to get wrapped up in our ways of
finding validation.” She means scrolling through
Instagram or Facebook, say, and feeling like you’re
missing out, or that you’ll never measure up. “It’s
very easy and sort of scary at times,” she admits,
but says people
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. What kinds of challenges that female artists may have in showbiz?
2. Would you rather switch your college life with spotlight life with fame and fortune?
still come up to her and tell her that song
helped them, and that that’s what matters.
9
Steinfeld’s initiation into the world of pop
came via an appearance in her friend Taylor
Swift’s girl-gang video for Bad Blood in
2015. Is she officially in the squad? She
laughs, a little wearily. “It’s so funny, I met
Taylor before that was ever a thing. Being in
that video was so awesome, all the women in
that video are great. The best part was, we
were doing it and it was just sort of, as crazy
as this sounds, a day with friends. And then
we saw it all together at an awards show on
this massive screen and it was just
unbelievable.” Was she aware of a backlash
at the time, that suggested it was less about
friendship, and more about showing off an
exclusive clique? There is the faintest
crackle of tension in the air, a slight
stiffening of posture, but her smile remains
fixed. “Sure. Mmm. Right. I think
everybody’s always going to have their
interpretation of something. That might be
more of a question for her than it is for me.
She asked me to be part of it and I felt
honoured. I loved being part of it; it was
great and the video was beautifully done.”
10
Steinfeld is about to start work on
Bumblebee, and Pitch Perfect 3 is due out at
the end of the year. That means there is still
no answer for the fan in the crowd asking for
an album, but she says she does have a new
song coming out soon. “I’m lining them up
as we speak. The next song is something I
feel very strongly about and excited for.”
Tell us more. “Well, what can I tell you? It’s
a collaboration. There are a couple of people
on it that I really love and consider great
friends. Unexpected, though. I don’t think
anyone will see that coming.
 UNIT 7
Gaming as a Career
PRE-READING TASKS
1. These terms/names will appear in the article that you are going to read. Match the
terms/names with their correct definitions on the right.

A. an annual esports competition based on the video

i. e-sports
game Fortnite

ii. Fortnite World Cup B. an American professional tennis player

iii. pro-gamer C. an American football quarterback

iv. Mia Hamm D. an American former competitive swimmer

v. Michael Phelps E. electronic sports

vi. Serena Williams F. professional gamer

vii. Tom Brady G. an American retired professional soccer player

H. Microsoft’s streaming platform where gamers can live

viii. Twitch
stream their video games.

ix. Mixer I. the world’s leading live streaming platform for gamers

2. Discuss the following issues with your friend. Are these issues popular in your country?

● Kids and teenagers are playing games online too much.

● Kids and teenagers have become more sedentary and dependent nowadays.
● Kids and teenagers are less likely to take part in physical activities.
● Parents tend to give their kids digital gadgets so that they become more obedient and quiet.
READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: READING FOR DETAILS
In some articles, there are many details and facts. Understanding the details will help you
understand the article better.
1. As you read, decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F) based on the details
and facts in the article.

a. People have to pay real money to play Fortnite.

b. The number of colleges and universities offering formal esports competitions increased more
than 20 times after 3 years.
c. Many parents are unwilling to support their children to become athletes.
d. Long hours of playing video games could be tied with real risks.
e. Parents could point out the good and bad sides of online games to their children.
f. Obligations as human beings are not as important as children’s dreams of being professional
gamers.
g. One out of every 600 football players can play like a pro.
2. List the online games mentioned in the article

a. …………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………………
 ‘But Mom, Video Games Are My Job’
By Leonard Sax, M.D.
The challenges for parents trying to limit screen
time in the age of the millionaire gamer.
1
Kyle Giersdorf is 16 years old. He’s a junior at
Pottsgrove High School, about half an hour from
my home in suburban Philadelphia. In July, he won
the first-ever Fortnite World Cup, earning $3
million.
2
As a family doctor, I often hear from parents about
how their kids push back at any attempt to limit
how much time they spend playing video games.
The parents will say, it’s after midnight, maybe it’s
time to turn off the video game and get some sleep.
But the kid — usually a teenage boy — responds
that he wants to be a professional gamer. “This is
my job,” the boy might say.
3
E-sports are booming. When the
National Association of Collegiate Esports (NACE)
was started three years ago, only seven American
colleges offered formal e-sports competition. NACE
now has more than 170 member colleges and
universities in the United States.
4
Millions of young Americans are paying real
money to watch other young people play video
games. Tyler Blevins, known as “Ninja,” earns
$500,000 a month playing Fortnite — and that was
before he dumped his previous host, Twitch,
where he had over 14 million followers, to join
Microsoft’s streaming platform, Mixer.
5
Does it make sense to support a teenager’s dreams
of being the next Tyler Blevins?
October 29, 2019
Plenty of parents do everything they can to
support their children’s athletic dreams.
They invest in soccer camp for the next Mia
Hamm, do endless tennis drills with the next
Serena Williams or wake up before sunrise
to drive the next Michael Phelps to swim
practice. Is it any different if your child is
staying up all night playing video games?
6
The University of California, Irvine,
offers scholarships to play e-sports in games
such as Overwatch and League of Legends,
just as many colleges have long offered
scholarships to play traditional sports such as
soccer and football. In a phone interview, I
asked Mark Deppe, director of the e-sports
program: If you heard that one of your
students was staying up till 5 in the morning
playing video games, missing classes, what
would you say?
7
“That’s not what we want to see,” Mr.
Deppe told me. “That’s what we want to
avoid. We teach time management. We teach
mental health. We have a staff member
dedicated to monitoring class attendance,
assignments and grades.”
8
“But what if a student says they want to be a
professional gamer? What do you tell them?” I
asked.
9
“We’re pretty blunt. We show them the
numbers. Sure, you might go pro, but you’re
probably not going to make enough money playing
video games to live off that. Students sometimes
ask about the ‘path to pro.’ I tell them to think about
the path through pro. Even if you become a
professional gamer, that career isn’t likely to last
more than a couple of years. You need to have a
plan for what you will be doing after you hang up
the mouse and keyboard. E-sports can’t be your
final destination.” That’s straight from the horse’s
mouth, and you have Mr. Deppe’s permission to
quote him when you talk to your teen.
10
That is not to say you should be dismissive of
your child’s passion. If your child is dreaming of
being a professional gamer, I advise parents to
answer just as they would a teenager who wants to
be a professional athlete. Play your game. Improve
your skills. But homework and other responsibilities
come first. And don’t sacrifice sleep. Sleep
deprivation is a major risk factor for depression in
teenagers.
11
If you had a child who was dreaming of being the
next Tom Brady, you could point out that there are
just over one million kids playing high school
football in the United States: 1,006,013 to be
precise. There are 1,696 players in the National
Football League right now: 32 teams with 53 men
on each roster. That means that only about one out
of every 600 high school football players is going to
play in the N.F.L. And, the average career of an
N.F.L. player is just over three years. So even if you
are
the one in 600 athlete who makes it to the
N.F.L., you’d better have something else in
place for when your three or four years in the
league are up.
12
In other words, you respond to your
aspiring pro-gamer teen just as you might
respond to your aspiring pro-athlete teen.
You say: I commend you for your dream. I
applaud your dream. I support you in your
pursuit of your dream. But dreams don’t
always come true. And even if yours does, it
may not last. Nobody plays professional
soccer or professional football forever, and
the same is true for e-sports, which take a
greater physical and mental toll than many
would imagine — with long bouts of live
streaming in particular being tied to real
risks.
13
You don’t want your teenagers to get
anywhere near that tipping point, where they
feel that video games are the only thing they
are good at. Parents can remind teenagers
that no matter what, they will still need to be
able to read and write well, and to
understand the world around them. That
means a teenager’s job is still attending
school and doing schoolwork and fulfilling
household responsibilities. And their
obligations as human beings — to be kind, to
be honest, to be conscientious — are not
secondary to their dreams of being a
professional gamer, or a professional soccer
player, or a professional football player.
14
That may not be an easy sell. But it’s our
job, as parents, to teach our kids that a life
well lived doesn’t derive from having lots of
money or from being famous. It derives from
virtue and character.
15
Your kids won’t learn that from playing
Fortnite. They will learn it from you.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Circle the best option for each question based on the information in the article.

a. Parents are trying to restrict/encourage their kids to play video games.

b. Millions of American teenagers pay/earn money for playing video games.
c. Parents support/oppose their children’s athletic dreams.
d. The University of California offers scholarships for students to play e-sports/tradi- tional
sports.
e. The average career of professional gamers or athletes can last over a couple of years/ as long
as they wish.
f. It’s difficult/easy to teach our children that a life well lived doesn’t derive from hav- ing lots of
money or from being famous but from virtue and character.

VOCABULARY WORK
Match a word in the first column with one from the second column to create collocations taken from
the article, then match each phrase with its correct definition.

1. screen a. program A. insufficient sleep or experiencing sleeplessness

over an extended period of time.

2. professional b. point B. a person who plays games as their job/career

or the one who receives money to play games
at a competitive level.
3. tipping c. deprivation C. time spent using a device such as a computer,
television, or playing games

4. e-sports d. gamer D. a form of sport competition using video

games/the activity of playing computer
games against other people on the internet,
often for money.
5. sleep e. time E. the point at which a series of small changes or
incidents becomes significant enough to
cause a larger, more important change.
 lEXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. dumped his previous host

Tyler Belvins left his past
server………………………………………………………………………………………
b. pretty blunt
Being quite straight-forward is how the university reacted to students wanting to be a professional
gamer………………………………………………………………………………………
c. hang up the mouse and keyboard
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. from the horse’s mouth
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. dismissive of your child’s passion
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. aspiring pro-gamer teen
……………………………………………………………………………………………
g. physical and mental toll
……………………………………………………………………………………………
h. an easy sell
……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Comprehensive questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. How are e-sports booming?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How do many parents support their children’s dreams to become professional athletes?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What are some problems with children who wish to become a pro-gamer?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What does the University of California, Irvine monitor their students? What for?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. According to Mark Deppe, how is the “path to pro” different from the “path through
pro”?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. What should parents advise their children if they dream to become pro-gamers?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
g. What are children’s obligations as human beings?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Do you think that e-sports can replace traditional sports one day?
2. What are some traditional games that already disappeared because of digital advancement?
3. In your opinion, how much screen time per day is healthy?
EXTRA READING
Is the Internet Harming the Mental Health of Children?
And What You Can Do about It as a Parent
By Newsweek Amplify
1
Parenting is truly the toughest job in the
world—in that you are completely responsible for
the physical, emotional, and mental development
and wellbeing of another human being.
2
According to the National Institute of Mental
Health, many children suffer from mental health
disorders due to the detrimental behaviors and
circumstances in their social circle and the
environment that they live in. Especially nowadays,
the increasing speed of the digital revolution and the
incessant presence of the internet and social media
in everyday life can gradually harm the mind of a
child, if not monitored and controlled by a parent or
a guardian.
3
Technology is a double-edged sword. While the
internet and smart devices can be great learning
tools, they can also be extremely damaging. This is
due to the massive amounts of inappropriate content
such as violent videos and pornography that can be
accessed by anyone with a mere click of a button.
Moreover, when children are allowed to use the
internet without proper monitoring, it exposes them
to more toxic situations such as cyber-bullying and
addiction.
How the Internet Can Negatively Affect the
Mental Health and Safety of Children
4
A study done by Public Health England made a
clear link between the excessive use of the Internet
and social media and lower
July 9, 2020
self-esteem in children. Furthermore, young
people who spend a large amount of their
waking time on a computer have a higher
risk of developing severe mental health
problems such as depression, anxiety, and
chronic loneliness.
5
The Internet can also lead children to have
low self-esteem, poor sleep quality,
impulsivity, and attention disorders that can
directly impact their learning and
development. The addiction to or the
psychological dependence on the internet
and smart devices at a young age can make
neurochemical alternations in the brain and
the nervous system that can lead to lifelong
neurological disorders.
How to Use Parenting Controls to Ensure
Your Child’s Safety
6
Using parenting controls for children when
they use the Internet is about keeping them
safe and protected from the many damaging
contents on the internet. It is also about
reducing their risk of getting addicted to the
internet, which can harm their social and
intellectual growth as young people. Good
parental control software like Net Nanny
allows you to filter, monitor, and control the
online activity of your children, keeping
their young and wholesome minds safe from
inappropriate online content.
7
Here are some of the effective ways in
which you can use parenting controls to
ensure better mental wellbeing and the safety
of your child.
Screen Time Management
8
First of all, limiting the screen time of your
children and encouraging them to spend more time
playing outside, reading books, and socializing with
their loved ones lead to better physical and social
development as they grow. Too much screen time at
a young age is connected to conditions such as
childhood obesity, eating, and sleeping disorders as
well.
9
However, taking children away from their screens
is often easier said than done. With Net Nanny’s
Screen Time Management feature, parents can limit
screen time for their children by scheduling a set
number of hours per day they can access the
internet through their devices. This can be
customized to add different times for different days
with the flexibility to adjust different allowances for
weekdays and weekends for instance.
Content Filtering
10
A study by Kaiser Family Foundation revealed
that close to 70% of young people are accidentally
exposed to pornographic content every year. Due to
the high penetration of the internet and smart
devices in every aspect of our daily lives, content
filtering has become extremely important for
parents with young kids.
11
Net Nanny’s content filtering system
goes beyond the regular white list and
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. Is Internet harming the mental health of not only children but also adults as well?
2. Have you ever heard of “digital detox”? Can you try it for 24h then write your
review/reflection?
blacklist concept of website filtering. It is an
advanced filter that actively studies each
time a page is loaded and filters the
inappropriate content in them. It also
recognizes the context in which certain
content is used, rather than blatantly
blocking pages that simply contains a certain
word or a phrase.
12
This feature has three intelligent settings.
The “Allow” setting lets the users access
websites that you determine as safe. The
“Alert” setting sends you alerts when the
user access or view websites detected as
harmful. The “Block” setting blocks harmful
content from being viewed altogether.
Keeping Track of Online Activity
13
The alerts and reporting feature of Net
Nanny is to help you stay informed and
aware of the online activity of your children.
It sends you notifications of if your child is
attempting to view an appropriate website.
This lets you have complete visibility of the
digital use of your child, allowing you to
keep them safe from risky behavior and
prevent them from getting into situations that
cause cyberbullying.
14
Removing damaging triggers that can
cause them trauma, and ensuring good
mental health in our children enhances their
potential for a happier, successful, and more
full-filling life.
 UNIT 8
Interactive Entertainments
PRE-READING TASKS
1. In your opinion, is game-streaming services basically a good or a bad trend?

2. List below as many positive and negative effects of games streaming that you can think
of.

Positive effects Negative effects

3. Do you think it’s possible to stop or slow down game-streaming? Why or why not?

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: FOLLOWING A TREND
Newspapers often report on important economic, social or political trends. These trends involve
complicated issues, and they may be controversial. People frequently disagree about whether they
are good or bad, how important they are, and if they will continue in the future. All of these points
need to be made clear to the reader.
1. Scan the article for several changes or new services in gaming industries. Look only for
actual changes in different game providers, not just people’s reactions to them. Write these below.
2. Read the following viewpoints on the effects of games streaming subscription service. Decide
whether each statement is positive (+), negative (-), or neutral (0).
a. A games streaming service could offer instant access, portability, and freedom from
a console.
b. Developers could earn good money.
c. It would open games up to millions of people who don’t want or can’t afford to
buy pricey equipment.
d. Games themselves have always driven success.
e. A game subscription service will live or die by the strength of its content.
f. Streaming technology requires a fast internet connection.
 Apple Arcade V Google Stadia: Which Is The Future For Video Games?
By Keza MacDonald March 27, 2019
Netflix-style subscriptions by two tech behemoths
could open up gaming to millions who can’t afford
pricey equipment. Watch out Microsoft and Sony.
1
In the last week, two of the world’s tech giants
have made a big play for the attention – and wallets
– of the world’s two billion gamers. Apple, already
a big player in the video game market thanks to the
iPhone and App Store, announced Apple Arcade, a
subscription that will offer exclusive high-end
games to be played on Macs, iPhones and iPads.
games can only be played on its devices.
And Google, a newcomer to video games,
And, in theory, it could mean that developers
announced the subscription service Stadia, which
could earn good money from them.
will let players stream games to any screen from the
cloud. 4
Google’s Stadia, on the other hand, is a
2 harder sell to people who own games
These moves towards a Netflix-style subscription
consoles, but the PlayStation, Xbox and
approach present slightly different visions of how
Nintendo experiences are good, and game
video games will be made and played. Google and
prices are reasonable. (Though doubtless
Apple’s services will join Microsoft’s Xbox Games
Google will make its subscription service
Pass and Sony’s PlayStation Now. Which company
attractively cheap.)
will dominate? And will these subscriptions
complement the gaming industry’s current business 5
Still, a games streaming service could
model or eventually replace it? offer instant access, portability, and freedom
3 from a console. Google wants to make the
Apple Arcade addresses a couple of problems: the
same game available to play anywhere, on
devaluing of games on the App Store, where £3
any device. You could start playing a game
seems like a significant price to pay and
on your TV, then pick it up where you left
low-quality, ad-festooned free games dominate; and
off on your phone. But streaming technology
the challenge of standing out in a very crowded app
requires an internet connection, and a fast
arena. It is a way for Apple to invest in and develop
one at that, which is fine for playing at home
premium games, while ensuring that those
but useless on, say, a train where service is
patchy. Even a small delay between what
you’re doing with the controller and what’s
happening on screen would make many
games unpleasant to play.
6
Stadia’s advantage is that it proposes making developers, including a surprise sequel to
games playable on any device. The idea of beloved 90s adventure game Beneath a
liberating video games from expensive consoles Steel Sky. All games will be available
has driven investment in game streaming. I suspect only through Apple Arcade.
that, just as there are people who prefer high-end 9
It is not clear whether Google intends to
speakers and vinyl records to streamed music, there
make Stadia a home for games you can’t
will always be gamers who want a box under an
play anywhere else, or simply an easier,
expensive TV so they can have the best possible
more convenient – and probably much
gaming performance. But streaming would open
cheaper – way to play games already
games up to millions – if not billions – of people
available on other platforms. But the fact
who don’t want or can’t afford to buy pricey
that it has established its own game studio
equipment.
– headed by Jade Raymond, a veteran of
7
The games industry has been through many game giants Ubisoft and EA
technological revolutions, from the invention of 3D – suggests that exclusive Stadia games
graphics to the emergence of online playing, but will emerge down the line.
the games themselves – rather than the technology 10
In the short term, the dispiriting
– have always driven success. Consoles such as
prospect for gamers is a range of
PlayStation 2, Xbox 360 and Nintendo DS have
competing services, all with a few
sold hundreds of millions of units because they had
exclusive games we might want to play,
great games that you couldn’t play anywhere else.
all demanding a monthly subscription.
In the same way, a game subscription service will
Amazon appears poised to announce its
live or die by the strength of its content. And like
own service soon, having spent years
Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, they will
investing in games industry talent.
compete by offering exclusive content.
11
8 Play-anywhere subscription services
In this respect, Apple already has a big lead
may someday replace games consoles and
over Google. So far, the latter has only announced
physical game discs, but it is unlikely to
one game – DOOM Eternal, for consoles and PCs.
happen for a long time. Hundreds of
Apple, meanwhile, announced an exciting range of
millions of people love their PlayStations
games from celebrated and innovative
and Xboxes and Nintendo consoles; they
grew up with them. It will take more than
a price advantage to convince them to
jump ship.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Each of the sentences below summarizes one of the paragraphs in the article.

Read the article and write the number of the paragraph next to the best summary. Not all paragraphs
have a summary below.
a. Stadia’s liberating video games from pricey consoles and its availability of games on every
device are supposed to urge millions of gamers who are unwilling to pay for expensive
equipment.
b. Apple has overwhelmed Google thanks to a series of games available only through Apple
Arcade.
c. Apple and Google introduced their new game subscription services.
d. Despite some benefits of games consoles in a games streaming service, a high-
speed internet connection is indispensable to make gamers pleasant.
e. Play-anywhere subscription services can not dominate the game industry soon be-
cause gamers have a strong attachment to games consoles and physical game discs.
f. As a result of two matters, Apple Arcade needs to deal with, it is suggested that the
giant should invest and develop premium games while maintaining its copyright.
g. Google’s strategies in game streaming remain an open question, however, its game-
studio has been founded to demonstrate the emergence of exclusive Stadia games.

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Focus on the language of games and technology. Scan the article for the missing words
in these phrases.

a. a Netflix-style approach
b. Apple, already a big player in the video game
c. a significant
d. ensuring that those games can only be played on its
e. game prices are
f. streaming technology requires an internet
g. the dispiriting prospect for gamers is a range of services

h. games consoles and game discs

2. Complete the sentences below. Use the correct form of the words you wrote in Exercise
1.

a. My brother helped me to the software and installed it.

b. Do you want to take out a six-month to the journal?
c. There is clearly a great attraction between them.
d. The retail of that computer has been reduced; it’s now only $300.
e. Demand overseas is rising while the domestic remains depressed.
f. It’s an artificial that switches the lights on at a preset time.
g. There is a close between the corporation and major cities.
h. It’s difficult for a small company to with giants.

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation
Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. offer exclusive high-end games

……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. the devaluing of games
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. where service is patchy
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. a surprise sequel
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. emerge down the line
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. take more than a price advantage to convince them to jump ship.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions
Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What are the differences between Netflix-style game subscription and games consoles?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What problems is Apple facing in the online-game market?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What does streaming technology require?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Which factor decides the success of a game in general?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. How does Google prepare for its upcoming games?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. How does the author forecast about Play-anywhere subscription services?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Do you know about Google Stadio beforehand? How popular is it in your own coun-
try?
2. In your opinion, which will dominate the market, Apple Arcade or Google Stadia?
Discuss with a partner.
EXTRA READING
Game Consoles May Haul in $45 Billion This Year, and
Big Changes Are Coming
By Ryan Brown
1 per game; this can increase to 95% for
Today, the way more than 700 million people play
video games is on a dedicated console, with the
console industry on track to generate $45 billion in
revenue this year, according to market research firm
Newzoo. And the way companies in the sector make
money has changed rapidly over the years.
2
Now, with new consoles from Microsoft and Sony
on sale, there’s a clear push from both companies
deeper into software and subscriptions — similar to
the way Apple has placed a greater emphasis on
services in recent years.
3 become even more important over the next
They’re hoping to capitalize on rising demand for
games as consumers around the world spend more
time at home during the coronavirus pandemic. But a
viral pandemic isn’t the only thing that’s changed the
gaming industry recently.
4
According to Daniel Ahmad, analyst at Niko
Partners, consoles are now a much more profitable
business for firms like Microsoft, Sony and
Nintendo than they were a decade or two ago.
5
“We’re now moving to a point where hardware is
profitable, software has always been profitable and
network services are playing a much larger role in
keeping people within the console gaming
ecosystems,” he told CNBC’s “Beyond the Valley”
podcast.
6
Digital distribution of games has allowed firms to
rake in bigger profit margins than selling physical
copies in stores, Ahmad said. Whereas publishers
would traditionally make about $35 on a
$60 game sold in-store, online downloads
mean they can now make as much as $45
November 20, 2020
platform holders like Sony selling their
first-party games digitally.
7
Sony and Nintendo have reported much
higher digital download numbers this year.
That trend looks likely to continue, with
both Microsoft and Sony selling digital-only
versions of their new consoles at lower
prices.
Ecosystem
8
So-called gaming ecosystems are set to
few years. Microsoft, for example, is betting
heavily on building out its player base
across a range of different devices,
including its Xbox consoles, Windows PCs
and smartphones.
9
The company released its xCloud gaming
service commercially in September as part
of its Xbox Game Pass subscription
platform. Cloud gaming lets users play a
game that’s streamed to their device from a
company’s remote infrastructure. Such
services are typically available through paid
subscriptions, similar to Netflix but for
games rather than TV shows and movies.
10
“We think of the console as something
that is always going to be part of gaming,
because what it does is it effectively gives
someone the flagship experience,” Sarah
Bond, Microsoft’s corporate vice president
of gaming ecosystem, said in an interview
for “Beyond the Valley.”
11
“But the other thing we’ve seen — and
there really has been a rise in this over the
last 10 years — is people wanting to game
across devices,” she added. “So the console
plays that role as part of an ecosystem
where people can actually game anywhere.”
12
Japanese rival Sony, meanwhile, is pitching the distribution platforms themselves. On the
PS5 as an all-in-one system that gives players access other, Facebook is using game streaming as
to its exclusive games as well as its PlayStation Plus an advertising tool.
and PlayStation Now subscriptions services, which 18
“How that works is, you’re scrolling
offer online gaming, some free titles and cloud through your Facebook feed and you can
gaming. instantly jump into and experience a game,”
13
Analysts say the PS5′s predecessor, the he said. “If you like that experience, you can
PlayStation 4, largely beat Microsoft’s Xbox One then click to play and play more on the
console due to the number of exclusive games it device of your choice instantly. On console,
sells. Sony’s in-house studios have produced several you can do that through instant demos;
popular franchises, such as God of War and The Last being able to play a game instantly without
of Us. having to download it.”
19
14
Nintendo similarly takes advantage of its vast For now, cloud gaming is mainly seeing
catalog of intellectual property, with series like adoption among console gamers who want
Animal Crossing and Super Mario selling to continue playing the titles they enjoy on
multi-million hits on its Switch console. other devices, Ahmad said. It’s going to be
15
an opportunity for tech companies of all
The company stands out as it’s less concerned with stripes to take advantage of the growth in
Microsoft and Sony’s next- gen console battle, mobile gaming, which now accounts for
choosing instead to ride a wave of continued demand almost half of the entire market, according
for the Switch. However, it hasn’t missed out on the to Newzoo.
rush toward subscriptions and services, using its paid 20
Nintendo Switch Online feature to drive additional Microsoft, a company valued at $1.6
sales from software. trillion, sees cloud gaming and subscriptions
as a chance to drive more users toward its
Big Tech content. The company recently bought
16
Now, other tech giants are stepping on gaming Bethesda Softworks, the video game
companies’ turf. Google, Amazon and Facebook publisher behind hit franchises like The
have all released their own cloud gaming services, Elder Scrolls and Fallout, for $7.5 billion.
looking to carve out a share of the $160 billion 21
“Content is key to people driving our
games market. gaming subscription, and it’s something that
17
Niko Partners’ Ahmad said there are two main people look for,” said Bond, who added that
strategies coming out of Big Tech: On the one hand, Bethesda’s content would help “accelerate”
Google and Amazon are trying to compete with the growth of its Game Pass subscription
likes of Steam and Epic Games as digital game service.
22
Ahmad thinks there could be more
FOOD FOR THOUGHT consolidation on the horizon: “The ability
for games to generate huge amounts of
revenue over the long term is going to be
really important to a lot of these platform
owners.”
Young people have been spending more and more money on video games. Have you ever
paid for any specific games? Share your experience.
1. TECHNOLOGY, SCIENCE AND HEALTH
In most newspapers, the technology pages cover areas which are radically changing the world
around us, the way we communicate and access information. The science pages often examine
phenomena and/or natural crises such as earthquakes, climate change, and scientific discoveries.
The health pages analyze recent discoveries and research about illnesses. All of these articles
contain information which will be of interest to the general public
In this section, you will read four articles from the science, health, and technology pages from
different newspapers. Read the article headlines below and decide if the article is about technology,
science, or health.
● Carbon emissions to hit all-time high, says report
● Charities condemn Facebook for ‘attack on democracy’ in Australia
● Diet capsules that swell in stomach could help weight loss
● The Juul is too cool
Discuss with your partner what you think each article will be about. Try to think of the
key vocabulary you will need.
2. NEW WORDS IN TECHNOLOGY
New words are continuously entering the language. Many of these “neologisms” are sci- entific
and/or technology. Many technological words have become common in our lan- guage. Look at the
words in the box below. Have you used them before?
streaming to google feed firewall
hashtag meme social listening viral
chatbot cookies algorithm clickbait

3. KEY SCIENTIFIC VOCABULARY

Scientific articles often contain long scientific or technical terms. These are usually
explained in the text. Do you know what is studied in the following areas?
Anthropology Astronomy Biology Chemistry Climatology
Ecology Geology Physics Psychology Sociology

4. NEW GLOSSARY IN HEALTH

During Covid-19 pandemic, glossaries in public health have been using more frequently than ever.
Are you familiar with the following words and terms? If not, can you guess the meaning?
Asymptomatic Flattening the curve Quarantine Self-isolation Zoonotic
Community spread Incubation period Screening Social distancing
 UNIT 9
Carbon Emissions
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Find your answers from the picture below:

a. What are carbon emissions (greenhouse gas emissions)?

b. What are the consequences of increasing carbon emissions?
2. Use your pen/pencil to draw and expand the picture

3. What do you know about the Paris Agreement? Discuss with a partner

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: STATISTICS AND FIGURES
Newspaper articles often contain many statistics and figures. Understanding these is vital
to understand the article.
1. What do you know about carbon emission?
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct figure
i. Fossil fuel emissions rose by 1.7% in 2017 and are set to rise 2.7% this year (2018), to 37.1
million / billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2).
ii. Paris Agreement aims to keep the global temperature rise well below 2 / 3 / 4
degrees Celsius.
iii. China’s emissions are projected to have increased by around 3.9% / 4.7%/ 5.1%
this year.
iv. The US accounts for 12% / 14% / 15% of emissions.
2. Now scan the article and check your answer.
 Carbon Emissions To Hit All-Time High, Says Report
By Mark Tutton December 5, 2018
1
A new report projects that annual global carbon Biggest emitters
emissions will reach an all-time high this year. 5
The report highlights China, the US, India,
Carbon emissions from human activity are driving
Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, Saudi Arabia,
climate change and curbing them is a central aim of
South Korea and Canada as the biggest
the Paris Agreement, which aims to keep the global
emitters. The EU as a whole ranks third.
temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius, and
China’s emissions are projected to have
if possible to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
increased by around 4.7% this year,
2
After decades of growth, global CO2 emissions accounting for more than a quarter of all
plateaued between 2014 and 2016, and there were global emissions.
hopes they had peaked. But fossil fuel emissions 6
“Coal use in China started to increase again
rose by 1.7% in 2017 and are set to rise 2.7% this
last year and this year,” Le Quéré told CNN.
year, to 37.1 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide
“It is mostly related to China’s economic
(CO2), according to figures published today. The
stimulus in construction, and it probably
new data has been produced for an annual report
won’t return to the very steady growth that
called the Global Carbon Budget. It’s produced by
China had in the 2000s.”
The Global Carbon Project, an international
research project on global sustainability.
3
The report says this year’s record fossil fuel
emissions are mostly due to an increase in global
coal use, which could soon exceed its 2013 peak if
growth continues. It also projects increased
emissions from transport, including aviation.
4
“Global emissions need to peak well before 2030
to meet either of the Paris goals,” said lead
researcher Corinne Le Quéré, professor of climate
7
change science and policy at the UK’s University of The US accounts for 15% of emissions, and
East Anglia. “At the moment it looks more like after years of decline, they are projected to
global emissions are set for a gentle rise to 2030.” have increased by about 2.5%. That’s largely
down to an increase in car journeys, and in
the use of natural gas for power.
8
US coal emissions are estimated to have
fallen again, with a 40% drop over the last
10 years. Most of the decline in coal has
been in favor of natural gas, which emits less
CO2, but still contributes to global
warming.
9
Le Quéré said the US emissions growth was
unusual and was driven by a cold winter and hot
summer, which increased energy demand for
heating and air conditioning. The EU is responsible
for 10% of all global emissions and will see a small
drop this year. While its use of coal and gas are
projected to have fallen, fuel used for transport has
grown by about 4%.
Transport emissions
10
Reducing emissions from transport is
crucial, said Le Quéré.
11
“Renewable energy has expanded massively in
the past few years but the same has not happened
for electric vehicles, largely because the price is
still too high,” she said.
12
“Wind and solar benefitted from a lot of
government investment, which pushed down prices
and created a natural growth in these sectors.
Investment in electric vehicles needs to expand.”
13
The report says deforestation and other human
activities this year contributed an additional 5
billion tonnes of CO2, giving a total of 41.5 billion
tonnes of CO2 emissions. But it says global trends
in those emissions “are unclear due to large
uncertainties in the data.”
14
Last week the UN published its 2018 Emissions
Gap Report, which showed the largest ever gap
between countries’ emissions targets and what will
be necessary
to stay within the range of 1.5 to 2 degrees
Celsius over pre-industrial temperatures.
Dealing with the impact
15
The emissions growth was “very
depressing,” according to Harjeet Singh,
global lead on climate change for
international charity ActionAid.
16
“When we see emissions are on the rise,
that clearly means impacts are going to be
increasing on the ground.” He said. “In
developing countries, people are seeing their
homes destroyed, they are losing incomes,
they are forced away from their homes and
end up living in an uncertain, insecure
environment.”
17
Singh said governments attending the
COP24 UN Climate Change conference this
week must now deliver climate justice.
18
“Political leaders can see the writing is on
the wall,” he said. “If we don’t bend the
curve on rising emissions we will not be able
to deal with the impacts.”
19
Le Quéré said she hoped the climate
conference would see countries begin
discussions for stronger climate
commitments.
20
“Unless the commitments are revised, the
trajectory for the moment is for gentle
emissions growth,” she said. “At the moment
the drivers are not for decreasing emissions
globally.”
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Find the correct information in the text to match with the following statistics/figures.

41.5

4%

2.5%

4.7%

40%

10%

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Vocabulary expansion. Find the words in the article which mean:

a. causing or resulting in a feeling of miserable dejection

……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. an organization set up to provide help and raise money for those in need
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause, activity, etc
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. to reach a state or level of little or no growth or decline, especially to stop increasing or
progressing
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Compare the meaning of the following phrases.
EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Word and phrases explanation
Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. fossil fuel
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. global sustainability
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. economic stimulus
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. global warming
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. renewable energy
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. deforestation
……………………………………………………………………………………………
g. climate justice
……………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Comprehension questions
Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What is the aim of the Paris Agreement?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What are the main causes of greenhouse gas emissions?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Who are the biggest emitters? Are they suffering from the direct impacts of the emissions?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Explain why in the US and EU, coal use has decreased but carbon emissions are still
increasing
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. What does Singh mean by saying “Political leaders can see the writing is on the wall”?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Do you believe that global warming caused by human activities?
2. What can be done about carbon emissions? Make a list of suggestions for political
leaders and citizens.
3. Do you believe that mankind can ever resist th
4. e forces of nature, such as earthquakes, sea level rising, tsunami, etc.? Give specific examples
to support your opinion.
EXTRA READING
US Cities Are Losing 36 Million Trees A Year.
Here’s Why It Matters And How You Can Stop It
By Amy Chillag
1
If you’re looking for a reason to care about tree
loss, this summer’s record- breaking heat waves
might be it. Trees can lower summer daytime
temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit,
according to a recent study.
2
But tree cover in US cities is shrinking. A study
published last year by the US Forest Service found
that we lost 36 million trees annually from urban
and rural communities over a five-year period.
That’s a 1% drop from 2009 to 2014.
3 Heat reduction: Trees provide shade for
If we continue on this path, “cities will become
warmer, more polluted and generally more
unhealthy for inhabitants,” said David Nowak, a
senior US Forest Service scientist and co-author of
the study.
4
Nowak says there are many reasons our tree
canopy is declining, including hurricanes,
tornadoes, fires, insects and disease. But the one
reason for tree loss that humans can control is
sensible development.
5
“We see the tree cover being swapped out for
impervious cover, which means when we look at the
photographs, what was there is now replaced with a
parking lot or a building,” Nowak said.
6
More than 80% of the US population lives in
urban areas, and most Americans live in forested
regions along the East and West coasts, Nowak
says.
7 reduce energy costs by $4 billion a year,
“Every time we put a road down, we put a
building and we cut a tree or add a
September 18, 2019
tree, it not only affects that site, it affects the
region.”
8
The study placed a value on tree loss based
on trees’ role in air pollution removal and
energy conservation.
9
The lost value amounted to $96 million
a year.
10
Nowak lists 10 benefits trees provide to
society.
11
homes, office buildings, parks and roadways,
cooling surface temperatures. They also take
in and evaporate water, cooling the air
around them. “Just walk in the shade of a
tree on a hot day. You can’t get that from
grass,” Nowak said. To get the full
temperature benefit, tree canopy cover
should exceed 40% of the area to be cooled,
according to a recent study in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences. “A single city block would need to
be nearly half-covered by a leafy green
network of branches and leaves,” the authors
wrote.
12
Air pollution reduction: Trees absorb
carbon and remove pollutants from the
atmosphere.
13
Energy emissions reduction: Trees
according to Nowak’s study. “The shading of
those trees on buildings reduce your air
conditioning costs. Take those trees away;
now your buildings are heating up, you’re
running your air conditioning more, and
you’re burning more fuel from the power plants, so
the pollution and emissions go up.”
14
Water quality improvement: Trees act as water
filters, taking in dirty surface water and absorbing
nitrogen and phosphorus into the soil.
15
Flooding reduction: Trees reduce flooding by
absorbing water and reducing runoff into streams.
16
Noise reduction: Trees can deflect sound, one
reason you’ll see them lining highways, along
fences and between roads and neighborhoods. They
can also add sound through birds chirping and wind
blowing through leaves, noises that have shown
psychological benefits.
17
Protection from UV radiation: Trees absorb
96% of ultraviolet radiation, Nowak says.
18
Improved aesthetics: Ask any real estate agent,
architect or city planner: Trees and leaf cover
improve the looks and value of any property.
19
Improved human health: Many studies have
found connections between exposure to nature and
better mental and physical health. Some hospitals
have added tree views and plantings for patients as
a result of these studies. Doctors are even
prescribing walks in nature for children and families
due to evidence that nature exposure lowers blood
pressure and stress hormones. And studies have
associated living near green areas with lower death
rates.
20
Wildlife habitat: Birds rely on trees for shelter,
food and nesting. Worldwide, forests provide for a
huge diversity of animal life.
Planning for trees
21
Nowak says there’s a downside to trees too, such
as pollen allergies or large falling
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. The benefits of trees and forests are undeniable. Is it true that many people prefer cutting
to planting trees?
2. Do you have any plant or tree at home? Is it troublesome to take care of plants in the city?
branches in storms, “and people don’t like
raking leaves.” But, he says, there are ways
cities and counties can manage trees to help
communities thrive. “You can’t just say
‘we’re not going to have forests.’ We might
as well manage and work with the trees.”
22
“You don’t want a tree in the middle of a
baseball field. It’s very difficult to play
sports if you have trees in the way. Or trees
in the middle of freeways.”
23
Nowak says we can design and manage
tree canopies in our cities to help “affect the
air, to affect the water, to affect our
well-being.”
24
Urban forests especially need our help to
replace fallen trees. Unlike rural areas, it is
very difficult for trees to repopulate
themselves in a city environment with so
much pavement and asphalt.
25
“A lot of our native trees can’t actually
find a place to drop an acorn so they can
regenerate,” explains Greg Levine, co-
executive director for Trees Atlanta.
26
“That’s why the community has to go in
and actually plant a tree because the areas
just aren’t natural anymore.”
27
The job is not complete when the saplings
take root. Organizations like Trees Atlanta
and their volunteers plan most of their year
to care for these young trees until they’re
mature enough to thrive on their own.
28
“We try to prune trees for 10 years to make
sure they get a good healthy structure.”
Levine adds. “We also add mulch around
trees to help keep the moisture in the ground
so the tree doesn’t dry up. We have to have a
lot of patience with planting trees around
pavement, making sure that they can rise to
the challenge.
 UNIT 10

A Democratic Internet

PRE-READING TASKS
1. Reading the following definition.
Democracy: relating to the belief in freedom and equality among people. Do you agree
with this definition? Is there anything you would add to this?
2. Look at the following words. Create sentences with each one to show their meaning.
political democracy democratic pro-democracy
multi-party democracy genuine democracy constitutional democracy
3. Match the terms below with their definitions.
1. void a. a method of communication or entertainment.
2. platform b. information or ideas spread by an organized group or government.
3. propaganda c. a planned group of especially political, business, or military activities.
4. campaign d. a completely empty space.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: REPORTING SOURCES
In a newspaper article, it is very common to draw on different “sources” to express a range of
views. Writers do this in order to add credibility to what they say. It also helps them to build up a
picture of his or her subject.
1. Read the following pairs of sentences and notice the differences.
a. “The thing that infuriated me was that every single news organisation from the Philippines is
not visible in Australia. But the government propaganda (is) visible in Australia”
b. Unlike the government propaganda, every news organisation from the Philippines is
not visible in Australia.
b. Facebook has long argued […] that self-regulation is more effective than government
regulation.
c. Self- regulation is more effective than government regulation.
2. Which of the sentences (a-d) is a direct quotation and which is indirect?
3. Scan the article and find two more direct quotations. Who are they by? Consider Why the
author uses these quotations. How do direct quotations add to the feeling of the article?
 Charities Condemn Facebook For ‘Attack On Democracy’ In Australia
By Emma Graham-Harrison
Campaign groups say blocking access to reliable
news sources leaves a void to be filled by
misinformation and hate speech
1
Facebook ‘shut down swathes of media and key
public information sites during a battle with the
Australian government.
2
Members of Facebook’s oversight board, which
some have likened to an internal “supreme court”,
have been called on to speak out or step down after
the platform shut down swathes of media and key
public information sites during a battle with the
Australian government.
3
The social media giant suspended pages
– including those of government bodies and state
health departments before the national coronavirus
vaccine rollout – as part of a showdown with
officials over a new law that would force it and
other platforms to pay for links to news content.
4
That constituted an “attack on democracy”, an
open letter from dozens of prominent charities,
media and campaign groups around the world,
including Save
February 20, 2021
the Children Australia, Hope not Hate, and
the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network,
warned.
5
“Access to reliable and quality information
is integral to our democracy and our
society,” the letter said. Taking it down,
“gives room for misinformation and hate
speech to fill the void left behind.”
6
Facebook may wait up to a week before
unblocking some of the pages of hundreds of
non-media organisations caught up in its
news ban, the Observer understands, while
anti-vaccination content and misinformation
continues to run rampant.
7
Facebook has long argued, in response to
calls for controls on its sprawling social
media empire, that self-regulation is more
effective than government regulation,
pointing to bodies such as the oversight
board.
8
But that body moves slowly to judge only
past controversies, so it cannot weigh in on
fast-moving events as they happen, said
Maria Ressa, the co-founder and CEO of
Philippine news site Rappler, who was
targeted by President Rodrigo Duterte for her
work.
9
It also has “no say on the design of the
platform itself, which is where the problem
lies”, she adds. As a member of the “Real
Facebook Oversight Board”, a campaign
body calling for more accountability, she
also backs the open letter.

10
The crisis in Australia has highlighted for her the
problems with its current model. Rappler partners
with Facebook to provide fact-checking on the site
for news produced in the Philippines. But because
the ban restricts Australian users and publishers
from viewing or sharing all news, the country’s
large Filipino diaspora has been effectively left
vulnerable to misinformation, she said.
11
“The thing that infuriated me was that every
single news organisation from the Philippines is not
visible in Australia. But the government propaganda
(is) visible in Australia,” she said. “So now
essentially, for Filipinos and the Filipino diaspora,
you will see the lies, but you will not see the fact
check.”
12
That shows a massive disconnect between people
in Facebook who say they are committed to keeping
the site safe and supporting democracy, and those
working on the business side and handling the
Australian law, she said.
13
A senior executive has since apologised for taking
down health and government sites, and prime
minister Scott Morrison says Facebook is back at
the negotiating table. But the company has publicly
indicated no change in its opposition to the
proposed law, which senior executives say sets “an
unworkable precedent”.
14
By contrast rival tech giant Google has
struck more than 50 deals with Australian
publishers to feature their journalism in its
News Showcase product.
15
Guardian Australia is the latest media
company to reach an agreement, just days
before the Senate debates the federal
government’s news media code. “Quality
journalism is both a public good and a highly
valuable asset for publishers and platforms
alike, as this deal demonstrates,” Dan
Stinton, managing director of Guardian
Australia, said of the deal.
16
“We also congratulate the …Australian
government on the development of the
digital platforms and news media
bargaining code, with this world-leading
legislation providing the necessary
regulatory environment to secure fair
commercial deals that will sustain Australian
journalism into the future.”
17
The news media code would require
Google and Facebook to negotiate payment
for content from news publishers, and if no
agreement can be reached, an arbiter will
decide the financial terms of the deal.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Decide if the following are true [T] or false [F].

1. Dan Stinton is the managing director of a news organization from the Philippines
Maria Ressa
2. Facebook has long argued that government regulation is more effective than self-
regulation.
3. The government propaganda is supposed to be visible in Australia.
4. Guardian Australia is the latest media company to reach an agreement.
5. The Australian government has developed the digital platforms and news media
bargaining code.

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text. You can find more than one
synonym.

prominent (para. 4)

controversy (para. 8)
misinformation (para. 10)

infuriate (para. 11)

regulatory (para. 16)

2. Complete the sentences below with words from the box above.

a. The calls from telemarketers usually cell phone owners.

b. Outsmart an enemy through ruse and .

c. In a global world, arbitrage is a real factor.

d. Among other buildings are the courthouse, the post office and the city hall.

e. The that ensued made a split in the communion.

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. a showdown with officials

……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. run rampant
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. its sprawling social media empire
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. an unworkable precedent
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. news media bargaining code
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. Why did Facebook suspend several pages of the Australian government?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How has Facebook responded to calls for controls on its empire?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What has a senior executive apologised for?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. How does Dan Stinton evaluate quality journalism?
……………….……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. Why did the Australian government introduce the law of news media bargaining code?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Describe one of the social media giants in your own country.
2. Discuss the influences of Facebook in your own country. Work with a partner.
3. Do you agree with the statement: “Quality journalism is both a public good and a
highly valuable asset for publishers and platforms.”? Why or why not?
EXTRA READING
After TikTok, What Happens to Internet Freedom?
The meaning of internet freedom is changing. Under Trump, the U.S. seems set to tell China it was
right to distrust foreign-owned social media apps.
By John Sakellariadis
1
For much of the 21st century, Americans were
internet-optimists, believers that a free and
accessible internet would strengthen democratic
movements across the globe by providing
individuals with a tool to access information and
communicate outside the reach of repressive
governments.
2
Those ideas were always poorly defined, but for
the better part of two decades they found their way
into American foreign policy in the form of two
steady principles: a laissez-faire approach to
commerce on the internet and an anti-censorship,
human rights-centric approach to its use.
3
Last weekend, President Trump threw the largest
wrench into that first principle in more than two
decades. After a month of rumor and speculation,
Trump announced his intention to ban TikTok, the
wildly popular short-form video application, over
concerns that Beijing could force the app to collect
sensitive data on Americans or manipulate the
content that appears to users.
4
He subsequently walked that threat back, and now
appears content to force its sale to Microsoft.
5
TikTok may well be a victim of happenstance and
pique. The app achieved far more success with U.S.
users than any previous Chinese app, but its timing
was inopportune, taking off amid a broad
unraveling of the U.S.-China relationship. There are
rumors that Trump wanted to ban the app because
of reports that it was used to undermine his rally in
Tulsa.
August 3, 2020
6
Still, after years of preaching about the
virtues of the open internet to the Chinese,
and being rebuffed, the ban represents a
jarring reversal for the United States. In
effect, it concedes that foreign-owned
consumer technology companies can be a
tool of subversion, illustrating how a nation
that was once a leading evangelist for
internet freedom has come to accept that the
internet can also be a powerful tool for ill.
7
“This is being driven by a disillusionment
with the ideas that undergird the open
internet, which was that the internet was
going to challenge autocracies and
democracies would be fine,” said Adam
Segal, director of the Digital and Cyberspace
Policy Program at the Council on Foreign
Relations, when the ban was still only
rumored. “What we’ve seen is kind of the
opposite.”
8
As the largest Communist country after the
collapse of the Soviet Union, China was
once seen by many in the West as a test case
for how the internet could pry open
authoritarian information regimes. When
asked in 2000 what he would do if China
tried to “crack down on the internet,” then-
president Bill Clinton famously quipped that
regulating the internet was like “nailing
Jell-O to a wall.”
9
Government officials like those in
China tended to look skeptically on
American support for an open internet,
seeing it as a cover for regime change, the
prying open of foreign markets for American
technology companies, or both.
10
But even as China turned its internet into a tool
for censorship and surveillance, Americans held
firm to the belief that China would eventually have
to choose between restricting growth to retain
control over its citizens or permitting internet
openness to access economic innovation.
11
The internet was a win-win proposition for the
United States. And then came 2016.
12
The 2016 Russian election interference campaign
turned misinformation and disinformation into
household terms for millions of Americas.
13
Alec Ross, who served as Director of Innovation
for Hillary Clinton’s State Department from 2009 to
2013, played a central role in the department’s work
on internet freedom during the Arab Spring. Ross
believes that the problems associated with internet
policy have changed fundamentally in the seven
years since he was in government.
14
“One of the big differences between 2020 versus
2016 is, the very idea of what is a fact and what is
true is far more litigated today than it was even five
years ago,” Ross said. “Misinformation was a
non-issue when I was in government. I mean, it was
a complete non-issue.”
15
Ross blames cynical politicians and external
actors like the Russian government for the decay of
the information environment in the United States.
Either way, he has a point. According to a 2018 poll
by the Pew Research Institute, 73 percent of the
American public believe that Republican and
Democratic voters disagree not just on policy but
“basic facts.”
16
Central to those concerns are large technology and
social media companies. And while the threat of
misinformation
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. What is internet freedom?
2. People say that social media platforms like Tiktok and Facebook are harmless fun.
Do you agree or disagree?
and disinformation on a foreign-controlled
application like TikTok may be greater than
on a U.S.-owned application like Facebook,
it does not go away.
17
When it comes to internet freedom, the
concerns around censorship and information
control are new, and exceptionally difficult to
manage. Absent changes to U.S. data privacy
law, it is unclear whether forcing the sale of
TikTok to a U.S. company would solve the
core problems associated with the app.
18
“We have a big set of security problems in
terms of both lack of corporate responsibility
across the board and lack of government
doing its job across the board, and I think the
rose-colored glasses that the public has been
wearing about these companies has permitted
them to be irresponsible,” said Rebecca
MacKinnon, the author of a 2012 book on
internet freedom who currently runs a
research program at the New America
Foundation.
19
“The danger is of course that people just
enact measures for political expedience that
don’t actually protect anybody, and TikTok
would be one of those,” MacKinnon
cautioned. “If we are going to start blocking
Chinese things just because they are blocking
our things, then we’re just saying, ‘In order
to spite China, let’s turn ourselves into
China.’”
20
Social media platforms, TikTok included,
can be used both for good and for ill. There
are no easy answers when it comes to the
balance between under-regulation and
over-regulation.
21
Either way, it is clear that the meaning of
internet freedom is changing.
 UNIT 11
Weight Loss
PRE-READING TASKS
1. Write several reasons why people often try to lose weight in the modern world. Discuss your
reasons with a partner.

2. Check the statement you agree with.

● Skinny people are often healthier than obese people.

● Overweight people have less self-confidence.
● Self-confidence people appear more capable.
● Weight loss in an improper way may lead to eating disorder.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: REPORTING AN EXPERIMENT

When a writer reports the findings of a scientific experiment, it is important to explain to the reader
the purpose, procedure, and results (or findings) obtained. Besides, the writer should also mention
any measures taken to eliminate participant or researcher bias.
Scan the article to find information discussing the purpose, procedure, and the findings of
the experiment being discussed, then complete the sentences below in your own words.
1. The purpose of the experiment was to

2. A study was carried out

3. The findings of the experiment show that

4. The researchers tried to eliminate bias by

 Diet Capsules That Swell In Stomach Could Help Weight Loss
By Sarah Boseley April 29, 2019
found in fruit and vegetables, and citric acid. Three
capsules are taken with two glasses of water 20
minutes before a meal. They absorb water and swell in
the stomach.
5
“What happens is these little particles are
released in your stomach and they turn into a
gel. This gel occupies about 250ml of your
stomach – about a quarter of its volume,”
Plenity contains hydrogel made from cellulose,
said Dr Harry Leider, chief medical officer
which is found in fruit and vegetables.
of Gelesis.
1
Gel capsules that part-fill the stomach before a 6
“This gel – it’s like chewed vegetable
meal may help people lose weight and keep it off,
– mixes with the food. This makes you feel
the European Congress on Obesity was told on
fuller when you eat so you don’t eat as
Sunday.
much. That’s the main mechanism.”
2
The hydrogel capsule first made news in 2010, 7
The gel is not absorbed. It goes through the
when it was called Attiva. Now, as Plenity, it has
small intestine, then gets to the colon where
been trialled on more than 400 people. It worked on
it is broken down, the water reabsorbed and
only 59% of people, but in those, it doubled their
what is left passes out in the faeces.
chances of losing 5%-10% of their bodyweight.
8
3 “Because there is no chemical interaction
Diet pills have had a chequered history and only
with the body, it is not absorbed, it is mostly
one is approved for NHS use in the UK – Xenical –
mechanical. It has a really good safety and
which is not hugely popular because of its mode of
tolerability profile,” he said. “That’s why it
operation. It stops fat being absorbed, so that it
is regulated as a device and not a drug.
passes straight through the body, and can give rise
to stomach or bowel issues. 9
“It is recommended that it is an aid in
4 weight management in conjunction with diet
Plenity, made by the US company Gelesis, is
and exercise. We encourage patients to
technically a medical device rather than a medicine,
contribute to diet prudently and focus on
so does not need such extensive trials. The capsules
exercise because we know it is going to help
contain hydrogel made from cellulose, which is
people be successful. Nothing is the silver
bullet. This is a new tool in our armoury.”

10
The study involved 436 people, half of whom
took the capsules while the other half had a
placebo. All were overweight or moderately obese
and trying to lose weight through diet and exercise.
The average weight at the start was about 100kg
15st 10lb). Those in the placebo group lost 4.4% of
body weight and those taking the active capsules
lost 6.4%. But adjusting for differences including
starting weight, age and gender, said Leider, there
was a 2% weight loss over placebo.
11
Obesity experts said the capsules, which could
potentially be available in pharmacies from next
year, could be useful.
12
“I would warn against magic bullets, but for a
certain group of consumers who are doing all the
right things in terms of diet and exercise, this may
help keep them on track,” said Prof Jason Halford
from Liverpool University, at the Glasgow meeting
where the trial results were presented.
13
“This could be a huge help to millions
of people. It is well tolerated, and
increases satiety so that people eat less.
You don’t need a surgeon to do it, you just
buy it in a box and swallow a pill. It
seems to be easy and effective, so millions
could benefit,” said Dr Nathalie Farpour-
Lambert, president of the European
Association for the Study of Obesity.
14
But Prof Helen Stokes-Lampard, chair
of the Royal College of GPs, sounded a
note of caution. “This certainly sounds
like an interesting development and the
non-invasive nature of a pill would be
attractive to many patients and healthcare
professionals,” she said.
15
“But we must advise caution about
thinking of this as a new miracle cure for
weight loss, as non-medical approaches to
a healthy lifestyle should always be
explored in the first instance, so that as a
society we don’t become dependent on
medical interventions.
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Read the article and answer the following “why” questions. In some cases, you will
have to infer the answers, so different answers are possible.

Why…

1. is Plenity a medical device rather than medicine?

2. do these little particles help lose weight after being released in the stomach?
3. is it recommended that diet should be combined with exercise?
4. would this pill be attractive to many patients and healthcare professionals?

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Focus on the vocabulary used in scientific experiments. Find the following words
in the article and write an appropriate synonym or definition.

a. trialled (para. 2)
b. chequered (para. 3)
c. released (para. 5)
d. prudently (para. 9)
e. armoury (para. 10)

2. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of a word from Exercise 1.
a. Business owners who survived downturn managed their finances
and their customers needs.
b. He’s had a business career.
c. Fighter planes have successfully bombed the enemy›s main .
d. Highly toxic dioxins were into the air.
e. The system will be in the third quarter of the year in both the U.S. and Japan.
3. Find the words in the article with the following meanings.

a. A substance found in the cell walls of plants, commonly known as fibre

b. Tiny bits or very small pieces of something
 c. A state of being full after eating food
d. To be taken in in a natural way
e. Together with

EXAM PREPARATION TASKS

1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. chequered history

b. capsule
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. a placebo
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. non-invasive
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. silver bullet
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. According to the article, what is Plenity?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. What is the only type of diet pills that are allowed in the UK and how does it work/ operate?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What is the main mechanism of the hydro gel capsule?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. What is Dr. Harry Leider’s recommendation for people who want to lose weight re- garding
Plentiny?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. What advice does Prof Helen Stokes-Lampgive?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. More and more people are becoming overweight nowadays. What do you think
might be the causes of this?
2. In groups, discuss healthy measures that can be taken to help weight loss.
EXTRA READING
MIT Researchers’ Weight-Loss Plan: Filling Your Belly With Expanding,
Golf-Ball-Size Pills
By Peter Holley
1
If only weight loss were as simple as
taking a pill, right?
2
It’s a common refrain, one frequently exploited by
those hawking shady diet pills, fat-burning
supplements and get-fit- quick schemes online.
3
Before your skepticism hardens into
concrete, consider this: An MIT researcher says his
team has developed a sophisticated pill that could
shrink the space inside your stomach, making it
easier to avoid excess calories.
4
Though he doesn’t offer a money-back guarantee,
Xuanhe Zhao — an associate professor of
mechanical engineering at MIT — is part of a team
that has developed a pill that swells to the size of a
golf ball after it’s ingested and could remain inside
the stomach for as long as a month.
5
The pill is still being tested in models resembling
the human gastrointestinal tract, but researchers
hope to commercialize the technology one day.
6
“The idea is, you would eat a few of these pills;
they would swell in the stomach and occupy it with
very soft materials to make people feel full and eat
less,” Zhao said. “It’s simpler than surgery or
putting painful rubber balloons in someone’s
stomach to make themselves eat less.”
January 31, 2019
7
For those in dire need of extreme weight
loss, the options can seem daunting and
invasive. Surgeries such as gastric bypass
and sleeve gastrectomy reduce the size of the
stomach — decreasing the number of
calories the body can absorb — but are
irreversible and carry frightening risks, such
as blot clots and infection.
8
The appeal of the expanding pill is its
simplicity, Zhao said. The pill is made from
two types of hydrogels — mixtures of
polymers and water. Once swollen, Zhao
said, the pill has a consistency similar to tofu
or jello.
9
To remove the objects from the stomach, he
said, a patient would drink a calcium
solution (at a concentration higher than
what’s in milk) that would shrink the pills to
their original size, allowing them to pass
through the digestive system.
10
Zhao said weight loss is one potential
application for the technology, but there are
others. For years, he said, researchers have
been trying to develop a pill capable of
remaining inside the human body for weeks
or even months — a branch of research
known as “ingestible electronics.” The
challenge, he said, has been engineering a
pill small enough to be taken orally, but
tough enough to endure the perilous
environment inside the human stomach, with
its muscular squeezing and acidic juices.
11
“We really needed a pill to swell up fast enough
before the stomach empties itself,” said Zhao,
noting the pill’s design was inspired by the puffer
fish, which quickly sucks in water to inflate its size
and avoid predators.
12
However improbable sounding, such a pill
would allow doctors to monitor conditions inside
the body such as PH balance, viruses, bacteria or
temperature. Researchers say the pills could also
be used to place tiny cameras inside the body that
could monitor tumors and ulcers over time.
Sensors embedded in the pill could monitor
whether a patient was taking medications on
schedule.
13
Not taking medicine — or “medication
nonadherence” in the health- care world — is a
“common and costly problem,” according to a
study cited by the National Center for
Biotechnology Information.
14
“Approximately 30 percent to 50 percent of U.S.
adults are not adherent to long-term medications,
leading to an
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
In the article, the pill itself is not just a pill you swallow and digest, it also plays a role as
a monitor accessed by your doctor. Does it raise any concern to you?
estimated $100 billion in preventable costs
annually,” according to the 2013 study.
15
At the Masonic Cancer Clinic at the
University of Minnesota, doctors are
embedding tiny sensors in pills that allow
them to keep tabs on chemotherapy
patients’ heart rate, activity level and
sleep cycle. The sensor, which is about the
size of a grain of sand and dissolves in the
gastrointestinal tract, also tells doctors
when a patient has ingested medication.
The information is compiled in a database
that doctors can access from their devices.
16
“I had one patient whose hands hurt and
she couldn’t open her pill bottle,” said
physician Edward Greeno, noting that
when the patient’s daughter was around,
she would take her pills, but when her
daughter was gone, she wouldn’t. “The
app is telling me in real time that she
didn’t take her pills, and I get that
message in clinic the next morning.
 UNIT 12
Modern Smoking
PRE-READING TASKS
1.What are some types of smoking? Which is popular in your country? Discuss with a partner.
2. In your opinion, does smoking help people to unwind their stress? Discuss with a partner.

READING FOCUS
Focus on the newspaper: FORMAL VERSUS INFORMAL

The subject of an article will determine whether the language used is formal or informal. Whether
an article is light-hearted and informal, or serious and formal, the language used by the writer will
reflect this.

1. Scan the text. Do you think this article is formal or informal? Discuss and justify your
reasons with a partner.

2. Look at the phrases below taken from the article. Re-word these expressions using more
neutral or formal language:

a. oodles of (para. 3)

b. cool (para. 3)

c. go hard (para. 5)

d. The Juul iconicity was birthed much faster (para. 8)

e. big (para. 13)

 The Juul Is Too Cool
By Armod Barshad
1
In the public imagination, vaping — with its
oversize, multipart manipulatable products — has
become associated with a techier, dweebier slice of
the population. But as early as 2015, e-cigarette
use by high- school and middle-school students had
eclipsed cigarette use.
2
And by late 2017, an informal consensus had
burbled up from students, teachers, parents and the
internet: All across the country teenagers who in
generations past would have become cigarette
smokers — or, perhaps, would have never taken up
smoking
— were falling in love with the Juul.
April 7, 2018
6
In February, Greta Frontero, an 18-year- old
senior at Westfield High in New Jersey,
wrote an article for her school paper about
the Juul. It is a true gem of reportage: “A
senior male was caught Juuling during class
when his chemistry teacher’s back was
turned. ‘I took a hit of it and blew it in my
sweatshirt, but the smoke came out the back
of my jacket,’ he said. ‘When my teacher
asked why there was smoke coming out of
my jacket and I opened my mouth to
respond, more smoke came out of my
mouth.’”

3
It took oodles of efficient pop-culture
manipulation for America to accept cigarettes as the
ultimate symbol of rebellious cool. But now, all of a
sudden, a vape is cool?
4
Sebastian and Gio, students at a continuation high
school in Northern California, both Juul. “I’m on
probation so I can’t smoke marijuana,” Gio said,
by way of explanation. “And I don’t want to smoke 7
Getting a Juul is as easy as ever. “My friend
cigarettes. Cigarettes taste nasty.” has a middle school brother and they walk
5 into Krauszer’s” — a local New Jersey
Sebastian said: “I like the feeling of it. The
grocery store —“and buy it without any
lightheadedness. It makes me feel sober and high at
question,” Ms. Frontero said. “It’s ironic.
the same time. Plus it looks sleek — you smoke it,
This product was made to wean addicts of f
you look kind of bougie.” Both are also fans of
cigarettes, and in reality it’s attracting
Juul’s flavored tobacco pods. In particular, Gio said:
teenagers who would never smoke.”
“Mango! That Mango go hard.”
8
The glamorization of the cigarette took
place over decades and throughout countless
Hollywood movies and glossy

ads. The Juul iconicity was birthed much faster:
through social media. That includes personal
accounts, kids eager to fuel the Juul wave with
winkingly knowing tweets about the hype cycle.
9
With more cynicism, Barstool Sports and other
youth-targeting brands have jumped on the
bandwagon, too. Arya Toufanian is the 25-year-old
proprietor of I’m Shmacked, a Girls Gone
Wild-style roving party and video series. “We
started to post Juul stuff maybe six months ago, and
we started getting submissions right away,” Mr.
Toufanian said. “You can tell immediately when a
product is viral.”
10
I’m Shmacked then paired the Juul with another
recent teenager obsession. “We made fidget
spinners out of Juuls,” Mr. Toufanian said with
pride. “We thought, you know, people are holding
Juuls all the time anyway! A university student built
a render and we 3-D-printed it. It was kind of a
grass-roots project in a way.”
11
“One of the things I’m super-interested in is
meme culture,” said Mr. McDermott, the Simsbury
High class president. “What resonates with our
generation is the memes. I haven’t seen the Juul on
TV. But you’ll see a bunch of memes about Juuling.
It’s just, like, making it more socially acceptable —
it’s perpetuating the thing that vaping is cool.”
12
Ashley Gould, the chief administrative
officer of Juul Labs, is careful to walk a line
between pride and responsibility. “We’re the
No. 1 e-cigarette in the United States,” Ms.
Gould said. “And we’re not a big tobacco
company. We’re an independent company.
13
Pointing out she is not a smoker, Ms.
Gould ticked off some of the properties of
the Juul that the company believes have
made it big: the way the “formation of the
e-liquid mimics the way the nicotine is
delivered in a cigarette”; the fact that Juul
was the first to “design an e-cigarette that
was not cylindrical.” But, she added, “what
we’ve seen happening with youth we did not
want to be happening.”
14
“We’re taking it extremely seriously,” Ms.
Gould said. “We do not want underage kids
using our products. Our marketing is
directed toward adults, tested with adults.
And I do think it’s worth noting: All of the
things you see on social media, we have
absolutely nothing to do with. We actively
try to take these things down. But unless
there’s an infringement of our intellectual
property it’s quite difficult.”
UNDERSTANDING THE ARTICLE
Read the complete article and decide whether the following statements are true [T], false
[F] or not mentioned [NM] in the article.

1. Teenagers were in love with the Juul by late 2017.

2. Smoking Juul makes you look rich and stylish.
3. The Juul has successfully helped smokers quit cigarettes.
4. Thanks to Facebook, The Juul becomes well-known unprecedentedly.
5. That youth falls in love with Juul happens as Juul Labs planned.

VOCABULARY WORK
1. Focus on adjectives. By using surprising adjectives, a writer can bring an article to life,
making it more interesting. Look at the following adjectives taken from the article. Match them to
their definitions below.
ultimate rebellious sleek bougie ironic glossy viral

a. giving an appearance of being important and expensive

b. pretending to be wealthy or upper-class
c. best
d. looking rich, and dressed in smart and expensive clothes
e. unwilling to accept normal standards
f. becoming popular
g. strange because it’s different from what you expect
2. Complete the sentences with one of the adjectives in Exercise 1.

a. Models of Apple’s iPhone 13 go in less than 1 hour.

b. That teenager was a , trouble-making boy.
c. Being a MENSA member is the intelligence.
d. It’s that she has to study Math, she used to hate it.
e. That businessman over there looks in his tuxedo.
f. His lifestyle conceals years of struggling.
g. That man with designer glasses complaining about the restaurant’s tablecloth is
such a _.
EXAM PREPARATION TASKS
1. Words and phrases explanation

Explain the following words and expressions, as used in the article.

a. a techier, dweebier slice of the population

……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. an informal consensus had burbled up
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. on probation
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. wean addicts off cigarettes
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. have jumped on the bandwagon
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f. a grass-roots project
……………………………………………………………………………………………
g. walk a line between
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Comprehension questions

Read the article and answer the following questions.

a. What could be the reason for teenagers to vape?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b. How easy is it to buy Juul?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c. What do people think of the Juul after seeing memes about it?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d. According to Ms. Gould, what makes Juul popular?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e. Why is it difficult for Juul Labs to take “things” down from the Internet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

READING FOR THE GIST

Summarize the article in ONE sentence using your own words.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

DISCUSSION PROMPTS
1. Is vaping banned in your country? What is your opinion regarding this issue?
2. “Have teenagers know about vaping as soon as possible to educate them”, do you agree with
this statement? Why or why not?
EXTRA READING
Is vaping a source for good or for evil? Both.
By Robert Gebelhoff
1
Depending on whom you ask, e-cigarettes are
either a marvelous technology that could save
thousands of lives by helping people quit smoking
or the cause of a scourge of nicotine addiction
among teenagers. Surprise! Both are right, and
both should inform public health policy on vaping.
2
There’s no question that the vaping industry
has behaved in genuinely outrageous ways. Last
week, Massachusetts Attorney General Maura
Healey filed a lawsuit accusing Juul, the nation’s
largest e-cigarette manufacturer, of pushing its
vaping products to children. According to internal
company documents obtained by Healey’s office,
Juul allegedly bought advertising space on
youth-oriented websites including Nickelodeon,
Nick Jr. and the Cartoon Network and sought to
recruit celebrities with younger audiences, such as
singer Miley Cyrus, model and actress Cara
Delevingne and actress Kristen Stewart, to
promote their products.
3
The lawsuit also claims the company rejected an
advertising campaign targeting adults in favor of
another directed toward the “cool crowd.” At one
point, Juul employees allegedly raised concerns
that models in their ads looked too young, but the
company used them anyway.
February 20, 2020
4
In response to the lawsuit, Juul insisted
that attracting underage smokers was
never its goal and said in a statement that
the company intends to win “the trust of
society by working cooperatively with
attorneys general, regulators, public health
officials and other stakeholders to combat
underage use and transition adult smokers
from combustible cigarettes.”
5
Regardless of Juul’s intentions, the
damage for youth nicotine users is done.
The portion of high school students who
vape — an estimated 25 percent according
to the latest data — has skyrocketed in
recent years. Scientists warn that nicotine
in these products can affect brain
development and might make teens more
likely to try traditional cigarettes.
6
But the Massachusetts suit wasn’t the
only vaping news last week: A new study
funded by the National Institutes of Health
shows how the backlash against vaping —
specifically through taxes on e-cigarettes
— could have unintended consequences.
Using data from 35,000 retailers
nationwide, the authors of the paper found
that every 10 percent increase in
e-cigarette prices due to taxes reduced
e-cigarette sales by 26 percent, but also
increased traditional cigarette sales by
11 percent. While e-cigarettes come with
their own toxins, and the long-term effects
of vaping are unknown, scientists
generally agree that traditional tobacco products
come with far more toxins and carcinogens (which
is why some health experts consider cigarettes the
deadliest consumer product in history).
7
This isn’t the first study to suggest such a
dangerous substitution effect. Another paper from
late last year found that Minnesota’s tax on
e-cigarettes, among the most severe in the nation,
prevented an estimated 32,400 adult smokers from
quitting cigarettes. This is important since, in
response to the massive surge in vaping —
especially among teens
— states have scrambled to issue their version of a
tax on the products. At least 20 states and the
District have done so.
8
There’s room enough in the vaping debate to
accommodate both sides. Yes, vaping companies
appear to have targeted their products toward kids
and created a potential health crisis in the process.
And yes, they have also produced a product that
can serve as a viable substitute for
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
1. Read the article then summarize the Good and the Evil of vaping.
2. Divide the class into two groups to debate the use of vaping.
cancer-causing cigarettes — one that is
significantly more effective than other
nicotine replacement therapies at getting
smokers to give up cigarettes.
9
There should be consequences for
companies that try to get teenagers hooked
on nicotine, and we should expect nothing
less from regulators and law enforcement
than to punish bad actors. But at the same
time, lawmakers must avoid enacting
overreaching policies that hamper our
tobacco harm-reduction efforts.
E-cigarettes aren’t perfect, but with the
proper regulations, they can be tools in
our decades-long effort to vanquish
tobacco use.
10
This isn’t a difficult nuance to grasp. If
the goal is to promote public health, we
shouldn’t let that get lost in the emotion
and rigid ideology that clouds the vaping
debate.
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2. Bosely, S. (2019). Diet capsules that swell in stomach could help weight loss.
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13. MacDonald, K. (2019). Apple Arcade v Google Stadia: which is the future for video
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