Islamic conquests were not limited to wars.

They were then followed by Muslim merchants who

arrived at kano markets north of Nigeria, and to neighbouring Kathina via the Arbaeen Trail through
the old Sudan, and the Sinar (Sudan) and Abyssinia regions, contributing to the spread of Islam in
good appearance and good behavior with the people and their honesty. Muslim merchants took care
of roads and security, defined scales, scales and standards, spread an atmosphere of trust around
them and found welcome wherever they came, and their house became a beacon of Islamic thought
with its civility and civilization.

These Muslim merchants were transported through caravans, from the desert in the north of the
continent to the south, and these commercial convoys were a bridge through which Islamic culture
and civilization moved to sub-Saharan Africa, now called the Sahel and Sahara region.

Not only did the merchants take that route, but they took other routes, including the road to the
heart of Africa through the Sahara, i.e. through the Maghreb the ancient regions of Ghana, then to
Senegal and Mali and then to Borno and the Hausa kingdoms.

At that time, some Muslim merchants combined trade with science, and created Qur'anic seminars,
understanding the local population and explaining to them the teachings, good faith, tolerant
rewards and educational principles that make muslim society the best value among societies.