Dearest Students, Reviewer RPH

Dearest students, in this chapter we will analyze four historiographical problems
in Philippine history in an attempt to apply what we have learned thus far in the work of a
historian and the process of historical inquiry. Earlier, we have been introduced to
history as a discipline, the historical method, and the content and contextual analysis of
primary sources. Two keys concepts that need to be defined before proceeding to the
historical analysis of problems in history are interpretation and multiperpectivity.
Introduction
In this part of your lesson you will be able to learn about different historical
controversies. Know that this will help you realize some of the sources that is differ from
some of the other views or even in your personal opinions. Happy learning and be ready
to explore.
Abstraction
Readings in Philippine History 1

Lesson 3. 1 Making Sense of the Past: Historical Interpretation

Lesson 3.2

Lesson 3.3

Lesson 3.4

Lesson 3.5

Lesson 3.6

Application
A. True or False. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space
provided. Write your answer in a one whole sheet of paper.
______ 1. Historical interpretation is based on the historian’s judgment on how the past
should be seen.
______ 2. We make sense of the past through historical interpretation.
______ 3. Multiperspectivity is a quality of historical writing attributed to a variety of

lenses that may be used to view the past.
______ 4. There is only one account of the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines.
______ 5. The significance of the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA is questioned by

historians.
______ 6. The Cavite Mutiny is an event that led to the execution of the GOMBURZA.
______ 7. Jose Rizal’s essays go against the Catholic Mass.
______ 8. There is no doubt that Rizal retracted his writings to be able to marry
Josephine Bracken.
______ 9. The cry of Rebellion happened in present-day Quezon City.

______10. The site of the amount to the Heroes of 1896 was chosen because this is
the actual place where the Cry of the Rebellion happened.
Module 4. Social, Political, Economic, and

Cultural Issues in Philippine History
Dear Learners, this chapter is dedicated to enduring issues in Philippine society,

which history could lead a hand in understanding, and hopefully, proposing solutions.
These topics include the mandated discussion on the Philippine constitution, policies on
agrarian reform, and taxation. It is hoped that these discussions will help us propose
recommendation or solutions to present- day problems based on our understanding of
root causes and how we anticipate future scenarios in the Philippine setting. Study and
Learn.
In this part of your lesson you will learn about the problems a nation is facing.
Realizing that what we have acquired to a specific study has something related to the
lesson we are studying all throughout. The knowledge you may gain would hoping be
applied to other discipline for it is the goal of studying history. Happy learning.
Lesson 4. 1 Evolution of the Philippine Constitution
Abstract
The constitution is defined as a set of fundamental principles or established precedents
according to which a state or other organization is governed, thus, the word itself means
to be a part of a whole, the coming together of distinct entities into one group, with the
same principles and ideals. These principles define the nature and extent of the
government.
The constitution of the Philippines, the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines,
has been in effect since 1987. There were only three other constitutions that have
effectively governed the country: the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973
Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitutions attempted by Filipinos in the struggle
to break free from the colonial yoke.
1887: Constitution of Biak-na- Bato
The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato was the provisionary Constitution of the Philippine
Republic during the Philippine Revolution, and was promulgated by the hilippine
revolutionary Government on 1 November 1897. The Constitution, borrowed from Cuba,
was written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer in Spanish, and later on, translated into
Tagalog.
The organs of the government under the Constitution were: {1} the Supreme Council,
which was vested with the power of the Republic, headed by the president and four
department secretaries, the interior, foreign affairs, treasury, and war; {2} the Consejo
Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia {Supreme Council of Grace and Justice}, which was
given the authority to make decisions and affirm or disprove the sentences rendered by
other courts and to dictate rules for the administration of justice; and {3} the Asemblea
de Representantes {Assembly of Representatives}, which was to be convened after the
revolution to create a new Constitution and to elect a new Council of Government and
Representatives of the people.
The constitution of Biak-na-Bato was never fully implemented, since a truce, the Pack
of Biak-na-Bato, was signed between the Spanish and the Philippine Revolutionary
army.
Primary Source: Preamble of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution

The separation of the Philippine from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an
independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has been the
end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24 th of August, 1896;
and, therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino people,
interpreting faithfully their desires and ambitions, we the representatives of the
Revolution, in a meeting at Biak-na-Bato, November 1, 1897, unanimously adopted the
following articles for the constitution of the state.

Lesson 4.2

Lesson 4.3 Evolution of Philippine Taxation


Dearest Students, Reviewer RPH

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Dearest students, in this chapter we will analyze four historiographical problems

Readings in Philippine History 1

Readings in Philippine History 2

Readings in Philippine History 3

Readings in Philippine History 4

Readings in Philippine History 10

Readings in Philippine History 16

Readings in Philippine History 19

______ 2. We make sense of the past through historical interpretation.

______ 3. Multiperspectivity is a quality of historical writing attributed to a variety of

______ 5. The significance of the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA is questioned by

______ 7. Jose Rizal’s essays go against the Catholic Mass.

Readings in Philippine History 22

Module 4. Social, Political, Economic, and

Dear Learners, this chapter is dedicated to enduring issues in Philippine society,

Lesson 4. 1 Evolution of the Philippine Constitution

Primary Source: Preamble of the Biak-na-Bato Constitution

Readings in Philippine History 24

Readings in Philippine History 36

Readings in Philippine History 44

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