Laws of algebra Laws of exponents The distributive law The product (a + b)(c +d) Difference of two squares Perfect squares expansions Further expansion Contents: A B <: D E FT4_LAWS OF ALGEBRA (Chapter 3) ENN Wa (5+6) | &—b)? | (5 +8) —(5—bF © Can you explain why (5+ 6)? — (5 —)? is always equal to 2062 In this chapter we review some important laws that deal with algebraic expressions. These include the lawss of exponents which describe what happens when different operations are performed on expressions, ‘containing exponents, and the expansion laws which describe how brackets «an be removed fom expressions. EY RAWs oF exponents Nee In this investigation we discover the laws of exponents by observing number patterns, What to doz 1) Write out the first ten powers of a 2b Be 5 2 a Use your calculator‘o fill in the first column of numbers, Then use your answers to 1-0 ‘complete the second column, 2 2 gs 3 3 e 3 2 © Use your observations from a to complete these statements: ba x2" = © amare ha” xa! 3a Use your calculator and answers from 1 to complete: a 3 Bo 7 i” Bog a2 = E = —— fo j= = = a w & Complete these statements; ea i ea onLAWS OF ALGEBRA (Chapter3) 75 ‘4a Use your calculator and answers from 1 to complete: (= ot = % POM HO 5a Use your calculator to fine: 1 ti 5 in 79 iw 14s? 1b Write arule showing what you have found, 6 a Evaluate using a calculator: 1 1 1 1 1 ‘es "3 "3 a ‘fF wot vii 3"! vill 3-* 5? x2 1b Complete: ed ‘The following are laws of exponents for m,n € Zs mn Coe “These have the form a™ a" = amt"J6__LAWSOF ALGEBRA (Chapter 3) ‘EXERCISE 3A.1 1. Simplify using. a x a! a kk cb xd e pixp goth yat Cre) 2 Simplify using <= arn ; a of <5) e5t 0f 4 of 2 Simplify using (a™) ay bey © 3)" © (74 1 ott 3 (mf 4 Simplify: ar of ory e (2m) f dee 9B xat at ious a i = ka) @oaitx ie hore a (e) h (yy a h Git LwhewLAWS OFALGEBRA {Chapter 3) 77 5 Write as a power of 2: ad ea <8 at ) & (54x d-) od 7 Expand and simpli a 42(5—2) (ar +2)(2r +3) 8 Expand and simplify: a (2-9)(2+4) & (+7? € (2-a)(2+3) Expand and simplity: a Tora? & (r+ 1)e+5)+(@-27 10. Expand and simpli © (e+ 1(e- Mer +3 b (r-4)