7 Read through this email and put the verbs in brackets in the correct Grammar form, Give your reasons. Gerunds and infinitives 1 2. Decide if the following sentences are correct. If not, make the necessary changes. a Jenny suggested to go to the party in a taxi, b I look forward to hear from you in the near future. Clan nnd ase te Just got back rom (1) exc (climb) Mont Blanc inthe Alps sca ica yslgnagoen coal iain 4 Tm interested learn Spanish, One Ta eaee cians tieasous ¢ My brother wants to go to Japan. guides. We ware then Kite out with ce-axos, erampons and clmbing boots : Se inarddnaiadbowese @) ran nard f T'llhelp you with your homework when I finish | ground the Le Tour glacier. The guides used this time (5) to write my letter. (caoees) ur abity (6). (rake) the ascent ard pon ms teach) us he baie of (8) ae 6 alto dol thewadhing- up (mountaineer), such as how (9) _._. (use) an ice-axe h Let me make the tea. and how best (10) a (work) in a team. Tho fst day consisted of (11) (climb) for five hours ‘rom the Nid gl to the Gout jah '¢ be too cold j [’'m going to town for buy a new jumper. (2) (sleep) butin fact that wasn't @ problem at al! B (object ts pey woipark myer: Day 2 started at 2 am with a four and a half hour walk to the summit, ¢ children were made to get out of bed. OR renessoins (reach) the summit was only a third of the day's 1 I can’t afford to lending you any more money. | work, The descent route inclucsed (14) (ump) across 5 aaa ee pol ; «gars in the ioe and took seven hours. m My sister's too small to be a police officer a cake tenet oa weekend 801 can (16) -.eeesssnnnsen (teil) You all the details. Love, Sue Grammar used to and would '5- Read through the following article and decide which ofthe following would be suitable — sed 0, would or the past simple. There is sometimes more than one possibilty. New research shows that the introduction of labour- saving gadgets has meant that: men and women take a third less exercise today than they (1) (do) a generation ago. Scientists (2) _. find) that practically every sphere of life has been influenced by the development of labour-saving devices which have led to us putting on weight. They Gece (discover) that using 2 cordless phone at home cut down walking in the home by ten miles a year. Other comparative One (use) up 300 calories more than a person does nowadays. indicators (4) comme (include) the Emest Shaw, 69, (7)... (confier) amount of energy used in making @ bed with how hard i (8) (be) to runa a duvet and one with blankets and sheets. home in the 1950s. The jobs (9) A housewife in the 1850s (5) ees. {take] much more effort. The nearest: shops (spend) about two hours a week and (10), (be) @ quarter of a mile away and my wife (11) ne (walk) there and back, laden down with heavy bags. There (12) . ssn (08 NO Supermarkets. You (13)... (visit) the greengracer, the dairy and the butcher’ The scientists as) -sonnanee (@Stimete) that 8 shopper in the 1950s would have spent sbout ten hours and 2,800 calories a week walking from shop to shop,Grammar Speculation and deduction 4 Complete the following sentences with must, might or could (both are possible), can’t or couldn't (both are sometimes possible). a This possibly be the new Coca-Cola advert, though why on earth are they using polar bears? b The ad for the Pentium chip be the best of the year. The way they manage to make a computer chip appear interesting is inspired! ¢ Here’ an ad that shows a picture of 30 different puddings. It sou just be advertising desserts, surely? Do you remember that ad for a fizzy drink? It p _.chave been very successful, as they had to withdraw it almost immediately. e Those ads for iPads be very successful. They've had so many hits on the internet! f Product placement on TV shows = be more effective than actual commercials. It depends on how many people are watching at the time, I suppose. Grammar Review of future tenses 4 Make predictions about the future using these notes. Use the range of future structures covered in U ‘An example is given. near future/scientists/work on moon, In the near future, scientists will be working on the moon. a 20 years/manned spacecraft/land on Mars. ‘b 22nd century/launch starships/destination/other galaxies. ¢ Soon/people travel to low orbit/Europe to New Zealand only an hour. Now write three more predictions of your own. 5 Choose the correct option in italics in these sentences and explain why itis correct. a Within the next twenty years, the cost of space travel will be falling / will fall dramatically. b In the near future, it’s likely that adventure holidays won't be / aren't going to be limited to remote places on Earth, People will / may one day have the opportunity to go to distant planets, but first we need to discover a way of travelling faster than the speed of light. Our 7-day trip is due to depart on Ist December, 2025 and will carry | will have carried you 100 km into space. € I've decided I arm going to book / will book a trip into space as soon as I can afford it, f The Americans always said they would fly / will ‘fly to Mars. & Sooner or later people will live / will be living in space. h The International Space Station will have been / will be manned for 14 years in November. 6 What will we wear in the future? Read these exam ‘candidates’ ideas and complete the summary, usi the future perfect of the verbs in the box. You may need to use the passive form. One verb isn't needed. become fill include manage rise take .. to a dangerous level, but iy suggests that manufacturers sone form of protection against Fie seinen ries Sain ‘their clothes. explaining that: _ with gas to Neither feels that _-- @ uniform colour such as the silver of so many futuristic films. In | fact. one person believes that a development in technology (5).. .- place to create materials that can change colour while they are being worn, :Grammar The passive 2. The Cambridge English Corpus shows us that exam candidates often make mistakes with the passive. Correct these sentences. a Thad to been train by the manager. b Usually cuckoo clocks make out of wood. ¢ The science exhibition will be visit by many people. d My camera stolen on the bus. e He was stolen his bike. f Ithas been prove that water freezes at 0 degrees C. g One speaks French here. h Many designs have make for new planes. i The house is painting at the moment. j The car cleaned now. kc Maria born in April. 1 A jet flies by Hamid every day. m They were asking to a party. n Today's meeting has cancelled. © My house was building last year. p [hurt ina road accident. 3. Fill the gaps in the newspaper article with the passive form of one of the verbs or phrasal verbs in the box. ask disperse dissolve store encourage fill hope issue supply talkinto use make up persuade Shops with the sweet smell of success It began with the smell of freshly baked bread. A supermarket with a sharp nose for business believed people a) to spend more money if they smelled something pleasant. The idea was so successful that hundreds of other shops Q) ..{0do the same. The smells of engine ol, leather and burning rubber (3) to launch and sell a new car, while banks and hotels (4) often with pleasant fragrances such as apple and lavender: Sports shops believe that customers (5) _. spending more money if they can smell the scent of freshly mown grass ‘These kinds of business scents (6)... by to companies, BOC Gases and Atmospherics. The fragrances 1 orca _.ilvearbon dioxide and (8). via air conditioning, or = in discreet cylinders and released when needed. BOC Gases is working with British firms to see how well the fragrances are doing. Soon customers (10) with questionnaires, and it (10)... their answers will provide a clearer idea of the relationship between scents and increased sales. A spokesman for the company said: ‘Any smell you want (12) for you. We (13) .- constantly nw for the same smells, like coffee and bread, but we want people to think of other things too.’Grammar Gerunds and infinitives 1 2 a Jenny suggested going to the party in a taxi. Took forward to hearing from you in the near future. € [don't mind doing it 4. I'm interested in learning Spanish, © Correct £ [lhelp you with your homework when I finish writing amy letter g. Lam used to doing the washing-up. h Correct i Correct j Tm going to town to buy a new jumper. Ik Tobject to paying to park my car. 1. cant afford to lend you any more money. 1m Correct 7 G ‘climbing 2tell 3arriving training 5 to assess Gtomake 7toteach S8mountaineering 9 to use 10 towork climbing t2tosleep 13 Reaching 1gjumping 15 seeing 16 tell Grammar used to and would 5 1 usedtodo/did 2 found 3 discovered 4 included 5 used to spend / would spend 6 would use / used 8 used to be / was 7 confirmed 9 used to take / would take / took 10 used tobe/ were 11 used to walk / would walk 12 used tobe / were 13 used to visit / would visit 14 estimated rammar Speculation and deduction 4 b must cant £ could/might a could/might 4 canit/couldn't e must Grammar Review of future tenses 4 5 seme once Suggested answers a Within 20 years, a manned spacecraft will have landed on Mars, b In the 22nd century, it may be possible to launch starships, whose destination would be other galaxies. € Soon, people will be able to travel to low orbit and the journey time between Europe and New Zealand will be only an hour. The photo shows the International Space Station. will fall (not a continuous state) ‘won't be (prediction rather than definite truth) may (prediction of possible future event) will carry (future event + verb not tied to an end date) ‘am going to (definite plan for the near future; intention) ‘would (reported speech) will be living (prediction; future truth) will have been (anniversary has not yet happened) 6 will have risen 2 will have included 3will have been filled will have become 5 will have taken, Grammar The passive 2 a Thad to be trained by the manager. Usually cuckoo clocks are made out of wood. The science exhibition will be visited by many people. My camera was stolen on the bus. He had his bike stolen. Ithas been proved that water freezes at 0 degrees C. French is spoken here. ‘Many designs have been made for new planes. ‘The house is being painted at the moment. ‘The car is being cleaned now. Maria was born in April A jet is flown by Hamid every day. They were asked to a party. Today's meeting is cancelled / has been cancelled. My house was built last year. Iwas hurt in a road accident. wong rtm re means could/would be persuaded/encouraged were encouraged/persuaded; have been encouraged/ persuaded were used are (often) filled can be talked! into are (being) supplied ate dissolved (can be) dispersed / (are) dispersed 9 (can be) / (are) stored 10 will be issued / are going to be issued 11 ishoped 12 can be made up 43 are (constantly) being asked s evauaw