1

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

ON

“IMPACT OF JUNK FOOD ON HEALTH”

Submitted to

Faculty of management

In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award for the degree of integrated Bachelors of

Business Administration

GLS UNIVERSITY

Under the guidance of

Dr. Apeksha Champaneri

Submitted by :

Dhanya Hassani

Vidhi Prajapati

Enrolment no:-

202000510010079

202000510010215

Batch 2022-23

IMBA Semester VI

PREFACE

The integrated MBA program is structured in such a way where a student gets knowledge experience
and degree of both B.B.A & M.B.A which is managed by GLS University. The main purpose of this
course is to prepare them for Business Research. IMBA level is made to develop skills in students by
providing them the platform, knowledge and skills so they can grab their own opportunities where
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they can relate the practical experiences by putting all their theoretical concepts and principles, they
learned in BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

The topics are here discussed on the junk food and their impact on our health. How much the junk
food intake should be done and how much intake is actually done by us including the children’s have
also discussed here. Why this junk food is loved by all and why in so much amount it is consumed
and the base reason of consuming junk food is advertising and marketing, so we have also discussed
high impacts of junk food consumption in our life and main reason what happens when a person
consume high amount of junk food in his/her daily life and what are the diseases and problems they
face after consuming junk food.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Presentation inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any venture.

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who have me the possibility to
complete this report. Special thanks is due to my professor Dr. Apeksha Champaneri whose help,
stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in all time of Research process and in writing
this report. I also sincerely thanks for the time spent proofreading and correcting my many mistakes.

I am immensely obliged to my friends for their elevating inspirations, encouraging guidance and kind
supervision in the completion of my project. Last but not the least, my parents are also an important
inspiration for me. So, with due regards, I express my gratitude to them.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Particulars
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Data Analysis and Interpretation
4 Findings
5 Recommendation and Conclusion

List of Figures

 Population
This study will be collected from Ahmedabad city only.

 Sampling Frame
Data would be collected from the respondents who prefer the junk food as well as the people who do
not prefer it to know their point of view.
Questionnaire would be divided into two parts: Part A includes questions for respondents who prefer
eating junk food and part B who do not prefer eating . So, response will be collected from both the
respondents who prefer eating the junk food and who do not prefer eating the junk food .

 Sampling Method
Research would be done through convenience sampling method of data collection.

 Sampling Size
Data would be collected from 201 Respondents.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The project report “EFFECTS OF JUNK FOOD ON HEALTH” Junk, the term itself, denotes
something that is to be discarded because of its harmful effects. Even with its harmful effects and very
low nutritional value, it is very popular among the urban population. This massive popularity of junk
food is merely due to its taste. The taste is addictive, so people consume it more regularly without
realizing that these types of junk food are eating away at their health. We are all aware that the way
we treat our bodies reflects the state of our mind and lifestyle that we are all leading.

The food we consume directly affects our state of mind, and so when we eat healthy and nutritious
food, we are happier, content and positive in life. Even though we know that we do not take care of
our bodies and eat junk food that harms our bodies. Sadly, nowadays, kids want everything to be
served quickly, and fast food serves this purpose rightly. The junk food advertising also plays
important role in its popularity. It should be avoided at all cost because it lacks energy and important
nutrients required by the body and also has many health effects too. Eliminating the temptation for
junk food and developing the awareness for health fitness like going to gym regularly and banning
junk foods in schools can be helping in avoid the junk food and also shifting to the healthy foods can
help in avoiding it.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

 Primary objective: To know the impact of junk food on health and to know the difference
between health issue by consuming junk food.
 Secondary objective: To know the ingredients that are hazardous for health and how to
have a balance on an individual’s diet.

RESULTS

 From this study it could be concluded that the adolescents have average knowledge regarding
junk food and its hazards. Most of the students had not undergone any teaching program
regarding the hazards of junk food.

CONCLUSION:

 Our study findings reveal an increasing junk food consumption among school going-
adolescents, which may contribute to poor growth outcomes. Consumption during travel time,
restaurants, home, and school were found to be more common. Family and peer roles were
also found to be more influencing for junk food accompanying the participants increased
consumption. Interestingly, media exposure played a promotive role in junk food promotion,
and among these, friend's influence is most influential.

 Consumption of junk food among adolescent students was remarkably high in both public
school and private school adolescents. Regardless of adequate knowledge on harmful
consequences of junk foods, school-going adolescents are consuming junk food due to its
easy availability and ready-to-use packaging. The government of Nepal should strictly
standardize and regulate advertising policies and extravagant health claims advertised by junk
food manufacturers. An appropriate intervention incorporated with national nutrition policies
targeted to adolescents for improved food behaviours is recommended.

Literature Review
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1.McCarthy (2013)  the purpose of the study was to observe the junk food issue is a major one in
contemporary settings. Notably, children, adolescents, and adults continue consuming more unhealthy
foods today compared to the situation in the past. As such, the growing consumption rates predispose
consumers to health threats that have a negative effect on their well-being. Various studies show that
junk food meals lead to the emergence of health issues that undermine the functionality of the
digestive and cardiovascular systems, the respiratory system, the central nervous system, the
reproductive system, and the skeletal system .In this respect, there is a need for reviewing relevant
literature that uncovers detrimental health outcomes related to the consumption of junk food.

2.Yuchu Song (3May 2016) fast  food is usually referred to hamburgers, pizza, or fries, or the kind of
food that can be prepared and served quickly at low price. Since 1950’s, fast food was penetrating the
food market and becoming more and more popular. It is common to see a long line in a drive-through
way outside of a fast-food restaurant or a bunch of crowded clients waiting to order in front of fast-
food outlets. Even though nearly every customer knows the harm fast food brings to their health, we
still can see every day in fast food restaurants customers come and order in an endless stream.
Recognizing the current phenomenon and understanding the incentive why there is a large group of
fast-food clients can help parents. After data collection and analysis, this study listed four main points
as result: ~adult family members who was greatly exposed to social media about discussion of fast
food are most likely to limit their children’s fast food consumption; ~adult family members who view
seriously their children’s childhood obesity are more likely to limit their children’s fast food
consumption; ~family members who consider their children to be more susceptible to childhood
obesity are more likely to limit their children’s fast food consumption; ~finally, family members who
consider fast food advertisement to be less ethical are more likely to limit their children’s fast food
consumption.

3. Boyland (2012) stated in British department of health that almost one in ten of six-year-olds and
fifteen percent of fifteen-year-old children in England were currently classified as obese. Britain is
facing an obesity epidemic, A watershed for junk food adverts would ensure that they are banned
from not just children's programs during the day but programs shown at night where families view
them together. Parents also need to limit their children's screen time and talk to them about the
motives behind advertising junk foods.

4. Jennifer Appleton Gootman, J. Michael McGinnis(2006)Food Marketing to Children and Youth :

Threat or Opportunity?The health of children faces new diet-related health problems today that were
unexpected just a generation ago. The increasing prevalence over the past three decades of children
who are obese, defined in this report as children and youth who have a BMI equal to or greater than
the 95th percentile of the age and gender specific BMI charts developed by the CDC, and those
who are at risk for becoming obese, defined in this report as children and youth who have a BMI
between the 85th and 95th percentile of the age and gender specific CDC BMI charts, makes it the
most common serious con-temporary public health concern faced by young people in the United
States(IOM, 2005b; Land, 2005).

5. Food marketers latch on to health. By: Thompson, Stephanie, Advertising Age, 00018899,
2/23/2004, Vol. 75, Issue 8At the Consumer Analyst Group of New York meeting in Scottsdale,
Ariz., last week, CEOs from Kraft Foods, Kellogg Co., Campbell Soup Co. off new products and
marketing that capitalize on health trends from carb-cutting to trans-fats avoidance.There's good
reason for caution: few health trends have long-term viability, said John Stanton, professor
of food marketing at St. Joseph's University. ``Every shred of evidence says there has not been a
sustained health trend in terms of foods,'' he said, noting that low-fat, low-salt and low-calorie trends
all peaked at two years and then declined. Mr. Stanton said he asked a food executive why companies
armed with that knowledge would still pledge to invest in healthier products. The response he said he
received: ``In the long run, it will be cheaper to offer those items to consumers even if they don't
make money than to pay lawsuits for not giving consumers choices.”
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6.Monir  Hossain and Md. Z Aslam (January 2020) carried a study on fast food consumption and its
Impact on health. The objectives of this study are to know impact of fast food or junk food on
people’s health. For the purpose of study, researchers take data from different regions like Asia,
Bangladesh.On the basis of the study, they found that fast food companies target young people by
creating attractive advertisement, great promotion strategies and delicious recipes. By this study, they
have concluded that due to rapid growth of FF industry  has become public health concerns including
obesity risks.

7.Sujan Bohara, Kanchan Thapa , Laxman Datt Bhatt , Shankar Singh dhami and shreejana wagle
(8thApril 2021) conducted research on determinants of junk food consumption among adolescents in
Pokhara Valley, Nepal. The objectives of this study are to know the impact of junk on adolescents and
it’s associated factors. This study is conducted among 538 adolescent students of Kaski district,
Nepal.The study found that more than half of the participants (60.30%) consumed junk foods over the
last 30 days, more prevalent among public school participants (65.1%) followed by participants of
private school (56.3%).  They concluded that increasing consumption of junk food among adolescents
which may lead to poor growth outcomes.

8. Major Md Serazul Islam, psc  carried a study on the impact of fast food on our life. The objectives
of this study are finding common reasons for having fast foods. The studies showed that fast food
contains a high concentration of saturated fat, high calories, and high content of sodium, which leads
to overweight,  cardiovascular diseases, heart stroke, and diabetic Mellitus. They concluded that
eliminating the attraction of fast food is one way to avoid it. Consciousness regarding healthy feeding
may save fast food lovers from the harmful effects of fast food.

9. Ashlesha Datar and Nancy Nicosia (may 30,2013) conducted research on Junk Food in Schools and
Childhood Obesity. The objectives of this study is our main results focus on whether the availability
of junk foods increases BMI and obesity Among 5th graders. For the purpose of the study they used
regression tool to check BMI. They concluded that the consequences of junk food Regulations on
school finances and the extent to which these financial consequences could be Mitigated by the sale of
more nutritious alternatives or through alternative financing Mechanisms.

10. K and Dhanasekar M (2018) conducted research on fast food culture among teenagers in urban
India. The aim of the study is fast food consumption pattern and health problems. They used doctrinal
method for research.  They concluded that Junk foods have actually sliced up the Third World due to
economic process.

11.Dr. Veni Nair and Dr. Sarit prava das (2020) conducted study on the perception of youth towards
fast food. The objectives of this study is to identifying the correlation between demographic profiles
and perception towards healthy eating habits. For the purpose of study they make questionnaire  and
sample space of 200 taken and different tools like SPSS, excel are used. They concluded that people
are getting more aware of healthy lifestyles and food stuffs which can add to their calories.

12.Gagandeep Kaur (2020) Carried study on  consumer preferences among college students towards
junk food.The main objective of this study was to know junk food habits among the students and their
impact on their health.The survey was conducted in a college of Punjab state to understand their
preference about Junk Food. For the analysis Simple Percentage Method is used. They conducted that
to overcome this problem, people needs to plan their intakes as organic food and less consumption of
junk food.

13. Bhaskar rajveer and ola Monika (may 2012) conducted research on impact of junk food on human
health. The objectives of this study is to identify the impact of junk food on human health as junk
food contains less nutrition and more calories. They concluded that consumption of junk food increase
the chances of childhood obesity which further leads to more health problems.
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14. Lt col mercy Antony and Lt col R K Bhatti (June 2015) conducted research on Junk food
consumption and its effects among teenagers. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of
junk food consumption and knowledge ofAdolescents regarding its ill effects and also factors
contributing towards this public health concern. The study was a cross sectional descriptive study
using Survey method with a sample size of 208.They concluded that The general awareness of
teenagers regarding ill Effects of junk food is relatively average or good, but the problem lies in the
fact that they do not translate this knowledge in to good food Behaviour.

15. Kanika Arora and nidhi tanwar (2014) conducted research on Junkfood. The aim of the present
study was to know about junk food eating habits of students, their ingredients, nutritive value and
theirImpact on human health.The present survey was conducted in Delhi, India.The population sample
included students from Shri Ram College Of Commerce, University Of Delhi. The sample population
300 individuals were chosen for the study. From this study we have identified certain factors
responsible for increased eating habits of junk foods that include: First, the outstation students
residing in Delhi has no alternatives for food which are both cost effective & time saving.

16. Duggal & Harsh Varma (2018) . Intention to consume junk food. When we talk about the Impact
of the junk food on our health , they studied and observed the mindset of people, theReason,The
intention, The way to consume these junk foods. From studying theoretically giving a Literature
review with scientific reason. From observing the attitude to the social norms and how It is spread
among people from one people to another people doing all the analysis from the Starting point how
the people come to know about the junk food how it is consumed what is the Attitude of the people
what are the social norms because of which it is spread from one people To another and the
consuming rate increases thus, as a result the harmful effect and the bad Impact on the health also
increases.

17.Pierre DuBois, Rachel Griffith,Martin O’Connell (2017). The effect ls of banning advertising in
junk food Market. It is difficult to observe such bad and harmful things in those things which is Loved
and praised and famous among all the people. But, it is more difficult to stand against Those things
which is loved by those people such as junk foods. The junk food is loved by all the People and
consumed on a very large scale and on the other hand the side effects and harmful Effects of those
junk foods are even growing more then the consuming rate . The base factor of This consumption of
junk food are advertising and marketing, and they believed if we ban the Marketing and advertising
on the junk food the consumption rate will rapidly fall down and the Eventually the harmful effects of
the junk food will also fall down , the article with all the detail And the chart and in full detailed
manner they did a great job.

18. V. Sharma (2013) studied and observed a total different thing when the topic came to Impact of
Junk Food on health . She acknowledged the side effects and the harmful effects of the Consumption
of junk Food, she studied the main base the main reason that why and how this Junk is consumed and
how and What is the way that this junk food is consumed by people on aVery large scale by also
giving us a brief Idea by showing us a graph. She kept a bull’s eye on The advertisement and the
marketing of the junk Food which she cane to know that the Marketing and advertising of any kind of
junk food increases the Craving of junk food in people’s Mind and heart, Which afterwards they
consume the junk food and at The end which cause theHarmful effects of junk food on our healthy
lifestyle.

19. Shaikh .A.H (2020) published an article on a very great topic which is brought into the center of
Our lives, Which is a huge part of our life and health , he observed the part and the huge role and The
impact of junk food in our lives. He also mentioned the areas and the age group in which it is Highly
consumed and to which age group the junk food impacts the most. He shared the ideas Of reducing
the consumption of junk food which can give us a great and healthy lifestyle. The Area he targeted to
get the eyes of the readers easily and to give them the best way to change The scenario by showing
them the major age group in which the junk food is consumed the most And the reasons and also for
reducing the consumption he also mentioned the ideas of avoiding The consumption of the junk food.
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20. Bhaskar.R (2012)Junk Food: Impact on Health. His purpose of sharing this article with the world
Was to bring the ligh on the very small but very important topic which can change the lives of People
and can also give a new shape and a new point of view to the people for these kinds ofLittle things.
Bhaskar Rajveer shared his information by clarifying the details of the content which Junk food have
and the types of junk food. He also shared a brief detail why the junk food is highly famous among
people and why is is consumed on a very high scale. A great work done by Bhaskar Rajveer which he
did is not only he shared the reasons and the disadvantages butalso he shared how to and where to
avoid junk foods and what are the best alternatives of those junk food which one can change his
health and life and take his life to a new great healthy lifestyle.
 

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Junk foods are defined as foods that are readily available, usually inexpensive, and having less
nutrient value. These foods contain more calories, more salt, have a higher content of saturated fat,
and contain less iron, calcium, and dietary fibre. Common junk foods include fast food, carbonated
drinks, chips, desserts, chocolates, etc.
Globally, junk foods are popular stuff, and consumption is increasing constantly. Traditional foods
have been nearly replaced by food items that can be found in a state of ready to eat, in canned form,
and preserved for a long time. The consumption of such foods has peaked in developed countries;
however, there is an increasing trend in the developing countries of the world .In South Asian
countries, there is a clear rising trend of such junk food consumption .Despite established evidence of
the negative impacts of junk foods on the human body, the consumption of junk foods is popular
among youngsters. Such consumption may lead to a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and coronary heart disease .
It is estimated that 16 million (1.0%) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost and 1.7 million
(2.8%) of worldwide mortality have been attributed to inadequate consumption of vegetables and
fruits .Despite the socioeconomic condition of the family, junk food consumption has been emerging
worldwide due to quick consumption, ready to eat, inexpensive, and of good taste. Such foods have
been found prepared using low-quality ingredients such as refined grains, added sugar, and fats,
despite nutritious ingredients .Fast foods have high sodium salt, which is often used as a preservative
to make the foods more flavorful and satisfying. Such foods attract more people especially children
and adolescents .
Increased junk food consumption among all age groups and more common to young adults is an
emerging public health challenge with global prevalence of around 70%. Rapidly changing dietary
practices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle predispose to obesity-related non-communicable
diseases, including insulin resistance diabetes, neurodegeneration, and psychological changes, stroke,
headache/precipitation of migraine, the metabolic syndrome, adult-onset diabetes, non-insulin-
dependent diabetes, coronary artery diseases, polycystic ovarian syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease, cancers, and autoimmune disorders and site-specific neoplasms, both in children and in
adults. Recent data show that obesity-related non-communicable diseases are increasing in many
developing countries with cross-sectional and secular trends of childhood obesity globally and more
prevalent to developing countries .
Obesity and overweight has increased many fold in Asia, and it is becoming more alarming in recent
years. Countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) South East Asia Region are facing an
epidemic of diseases associated with obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Various studies had shown a rising prevalence of obesity among children due to their risky behaviors
and dietary patterns .
There is limited evidence to identify the magnitude of the junk food prevalence and factors promoting
its consumption. We explored the status of junk food consumption and its associated factor among the
adolescents in the Kaski district of Nepal. Findings of this study are expected to be a primary step
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toward planning multipronged strategies to address the growing health hazard and protecting children
and adolescents from the long-term ill health effects of junk foods. The study results will have policy
implications for adolescents to plan, prevent, and control junk foods, obesity, and other health
complications.

Growth of the fast-food industry:

 Online grocers and food retailers are one of the fastest growing segments in today’s
eCommerce market. As consumers begin to feel more comfortable ordering food and
groceries online, retailers must put more focus on having a digital presence, especially in
moments of crisis – like a global pandemic.
 However, in order to be successful, it is important that organizations align their team
structure, processes and technologies into an integrated omnichannel strategy. The Food and
Beverage industry is a consumer-oriented market. On one side the consumer wishes for
increasingly personalized products and services and on the other side, sustainability of
products and production systems also. Optimal coordination between the ordering,
manufacturing, and packaging processes enables production to react flexibly to these
challenges. From research and development to logistics, from automation to energy supply
systems and financing: you can benefit from our products & solutions to gain valuable
competitive advantages to maximize flexibility, enhance productivity, minimize costs and
make smart use of energy to reduce your carbon footprint and much more.

Fast Food Industry in India

 The Indian foodservice market is expected to register a CAGR of 10.51% during the forecast
period 2022-2027.Indian consumers, in general, prefer street food varieties at reasonable
prices. But the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a very sharp decline in revenues of street
food vendors and for foodservice companies as a whole. The major reason for this decline
was because of the importance that was given to cleanliness in light of the COVID-19
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pandemic. The strict lockdowns enforced by the government too restricted consumers to their
households. There was an opposite effect on the organised food market, which matched the
taste, flavour, and expectations of consumers along with the maintenance of hygiene and
convenience of delivery. As a result, consumers showed a greater preference for restaurants in
the organised food market.

 The Indian foodservice market is one of those vibrantly growing markets

that has seen exceptional growth during the past decade and is expected
to continue to expand rapidly during the forecast period. A high
percentage of the young and working population is driving the Indian
foodservice market. The availability of organized retail space aids the
industry in encouraging the growth of local and international brands
across different formats.
 The companies operating in the Indian foodservice market are also
attracting significant interest from domestic as well as international
private equity and venture capital funds. This reflects the growth
potential that the market holds.

Competitive Landscape

 The Indian foodservice market is largely competitive and dominated by players in the
unorganized sector. The organized sector restaurants are present only in the tier-1 and tier-2
cities in India and cannot cater to the demand from other Indian cities. The organized sector is
expected to gain a high market share during the forecast period due to rapid urbanization and
expansion of these existing players as chained restaurants. The top international foodservice
companies are strongly engaged in innovating their services and strategizing their food menus
as per Indian tastes and preferences. Major organized players in the market studied include
West-life Development Ltd and Yum! Brands Inc.
 Quick-service Restaurant Segment Holds Major Market Share. India has observed a
significant growth in the quick-service restaurant (QSR) segment in the past 10-15 years. The
concept of quick-serving restaurants has been successful in the country due to shorter lead
times and quicker food consumption alternatives for consumers. According to FICCI, QSRs
have the highest growth rate, followed by casual dining restaurants in the country. QSRs will
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be driving the growth based on the operating model, where centralised commissaries and a
robust supply chain will help in attaining deeper penetration in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. Foreign
brands that understand the needs of local consumers and adapt are more successful in India.
Pizza Hut has localized its flavour (its newest offering is Biriyani Pizza) and communicates
this message through regular marketing. On the other hand, Subway's Chatpata Chana and
Chicken Tandoori have a loyal following in the region, and the restaurant also makes an effort
to segregate the vegetarian and non-vegetarian serving counters, subject to space constraints.

Scope of the Report

 The foodservice market includes businesses that prepare meals outside the home. The scope of the
Indian foodservice market includes segmentation of the food services by type and structure. By
type, the market is segmented into full-service restaurants, quick-service restaurants, cafes/bars,
and 100% home delivery. By structure, the market is segmented into chained outlets and
independent outlets. For each segment, the market sizing and forecasting have been done in value
terms (USD million).

PESTEL ANALYSIS
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 There’s no denying that the food industry is one of the strongest in the world — after all,
everyone needs to eat! Indeed, there are some interesting dynamics at play in this space, like
rising labor costs, which make it unclear just how profitable food businesses will continue to be.

 In this PESTLE analysis, we’ll look at the Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological,
Legal, and Environmental factors affecting the food industry; in particular, we’ll look at how both
restaurateurs and food distributors might be affected by current trends.

Political
 Governments across the world have expansive regulatory frameworks for every
aspect of the food industry. This includes the cleanliness of commercial kitchens,
the standards for storing and transporting produce, and even the requirements for
laborers in the food business. Without a doubt, this makes the food industry one
of the most tightly-regulated industries of all. On the plus side, this ensures that
consumers aren’t exposed to poor quality nutrition, but the complexities of
regulation certainly take away from the margins of the food business.

Economic
 As a general trend, the world’s population is only getting richer. That means that
individuals in the lower, middle, and upper classes all have more money to spend
on luxuries — including restaurant food. As a result, the overall revenue of the
food industry is growing, as individuals cook less and eat out more often. This
has a positive effect on all corners of the space, including restaurateurs, food
distributors, and the individual workers who play a role in these businesses.

 Increasing Labour Costs: Disposable incomes are growing for a reason: laborers
are earning more money these days. On the whole, the cost of hiring workers is
increasing across all industries. This is caused by not only a growing demand for
employees, but also higher and higher government expectations for minimum
wages. As in many other industries, the effect of increasing labor costs is simple:
less margin for the owner of the business, and thus less profit.
Sociocultural

 Nowadays, scientists know more about the relationship between food and our bodies
than ever before. There’s a clear relationship between the food we eat and our personal
health, and consumers are conscious of this. As a result, many individuals are looking
for healthier ways to fuel their bodies. This doesn’t necessarily have a positive or
negative effect on the food industry, but it means that businesses will have to adapt to
stay relevant. For example, fast food businesses will likely have to move away from
traditional, high-calorie fried foods towards healthier alternatives like salads.
 Aside from having a better grasp of what kinds of food are and aren’t healthy, consumers are
also more knowledgeable about their individual dietary restrictions. For example, many
individuals now understand the negative impact of gluten in those with Celiac disease. This
has led to consumers expecting greater understanding on behalf of those who work in the food
industry. Once again, this isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but it means that the food industry will
have to make changes to keep clients happy.

Technological
 We’re seeing various types of automation more and more in the food industry. Perhaps the
best example is the use of self-checkout screens at fast food venues such as McDonalds, but
it’s not the only one! Just recently, social media platforms went crazy as viral footage of a
hotel’s robot cooking up omelettes began to spread. As we find more ways to use technology
— including robots — in the food industry, there will be less need for laborers. Overall, this
is a good thing for the industry, as it will allow businesses to improve profitability and reduce
the likelihood of human error.
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Legal
 Safety Standards
As touched upon in the Political section of this PESTLE analysis, the food industry has high
standards for safety matters. In particular, there are scores of rules in every country on how
food should be transported, stored, and prepared — including directions on what temperatures
various food types can reach, how they should be cleaned, and so on. While this is indeed
largely a political issue, it becomes a Legal matter if any of these regulations are ever
breached. As such, those in the food business need to be extremely careful to ensure that they
stay within the bounds of these rules to prevent costly lawsuits.
Environmental
 Not only is there growing awareness for the health repercussions of the food we eat, but also
for the environmental repercussions of the food we eat. One particularly problematic food
group from an environmental point of view is meat. The production of meat — especially red
meats — uses huge amounts of water and creates a significant carbon footprint. No less, the
meat industry is tearing down large amounts of forest to create new space for farms. The
result of this is that more and more individuals are switching to plant-based diets, and
governments are slowly taking interest. Once again, this isn’t necessarily a negative for food
businesses, but they will have to recognize the impact of this shift in the long term.

PESTLE Analysis of the food industry: Final Thoughts

 This PESTLE analysis of the food industry is certainly an interesting one. It’s a mix of
positives, negatives, and uncertainties. On the one hand, consumers have more to spend on
food and robots can reduce expenses. On the other hand, the space is carefully regulated and
labor prices are increasing. What’s more, eaters’ diets are becoming increasingly more
specific. Of course, the food industry is here to stay, but it seems those who prevail will have
to understand what consumers really want to be eating in the 21st century.

Chapter 3 COMPANY ANALYSIS

DEFINATION
 Junk food" is a term used to describe food that is in terms of
high calories from sugar and/or fat, and possibly also sodium, but with little dietary
fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals, or other important forms of nutritional value It is also
known as HFSS food (high in fat, salt and sugar). The term junk food is a pejorative dating
back to the 1950s.

INTRODUCTION OF FAST FOOD

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 Junk foods are defined as foods that are readily available, usually inexpensive, and having
less nutrient value. These foods contain more calories, more salt, have a higher content of
saturated fat, and contain less iron, calcium, and dietary fiber. Common junk foods include
fast food, carbonated drinks, chips, desserts, chocolates, etc.
 Globally, junk foods are popular stuff, and consumption is increasing constantly. Traditional
foods have been nearly replaced by food items that can be found in a state of ready to eat, in
canned form, and preserved for a longtime . The consumption of such foods has peaked in
developed countries; however, there is an increasing trend in the developing countries of the
world. In South Asian countries, there is a clear rising trend of such junk food consumption.
Despite established evidence of the negative impacts of junk foods on the human body, the
consumption of junk foods is popular among youngsters. Such consumption may lead to a
high prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.
 It is estimated that 16 million (1.0%) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost and 1.7
million (2.8%) of worldwide mortality have been attributed to inadequate consumption of
vegetables and fruits. Despite the socioeconomic condition of the family, junk food
consumption has been emerging worldwide due to quick consumption, ready to eat,
inexpensive, and of good taste. Such foods have been found prepared using low-quality
ingredients such as refined grains, added sugar, and fats, despite nutritious ingredients . Fast
foods have high sodium salt, which is often used as a preservative to make the foods more
flavorful and satisfying. Such foods attract more people especially children and adolescents.
 Increased junk food consumption among all age groups and more common to young adults is
an emerging public health challenge with global prevalence of around 70%. Rapidly changing
dietary practices and an increasing sedentary lifestyle predispose to obesity-related non-
communicable diseases, including insulin resistance diabetes, neurodegeneration, and
psychological changes, stroke, headache/precipitation of migraine, the metabolic syndrome,
adult-onset diabetes, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, coronary artery diseases, polycystic
ovarian syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cancers, and autoimmune disorders and
site-specific neoplasms, both in children and in adults. Recent data show that obesity-related
non-communicable diseases are increasing in many developing countries with cross-sectional
and secular trends of childhood obesity globally and more prevalent to developing countries .
 Obesity and overweight has increased many fold in Asia, and it is becoming more alarming in
recent years. Countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) South East Asia Region are
facing an epidemic of diseases associated with obesity such as diabetes and cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Various studies had shown a rising prevalence of obesity among children due
to their risky behaviors and dietary patterns .
 Despite facts known among adolescents in Nepal, there is a gap to explore food consumption
patterns and association with obesity. Since adolescents account for a quarter of the country's
population, there should be special strategies to think about their current nutritional status . A
recent study from Kaski district depicts 8.1% prevalence of overweight and obesity among
adolescents . Another study conducted in the Kaski district of Nepal shows that the obesity
prevalence among adolescents is 3.3%. Risky behaviors such as unusual time of sleeping,
tobacco and substance abuse, watching television for a longer time, consuming low dietary
foods and fruits, along with insufficient physical activities are found to be more prevalent in
the Kaski district, which are leading to more risk of deviating health condition of adolescents .
About six among 10 deaths are found to be caused by NCD in Nepal; among them, nearly a
quarter of these have been caused by cardiovascular diseases.So, we are in a better position to
think about food habits among adolescents to prevent further complications.
 There is limited evidence to identify the magnitude of the junk food prevalence and factors
promoting its consumption. We explored the status of junk food consumption and its
associated factor among the adolescents in the Kaski district of Nepal. Findings of this study
are expected to be a primary step toward planning multipronged strategies to address the
growing health hazard and protecting children and adolescents from the long-term ill health
effects of junk foods. The study results will have policy implications for adolescents to plan,
prevent, and control junk foods, obesity, and other health complications.
Findings:
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Demographic Findings

 Gender: There are 47% male respondents and 50% female respondents.
 Age: The majority respondents are been seen between the age group from 16-26 years which
is (53.5%) which is 107 respondents.
 Income: The people with highest income are 28% earning the income between 5,00,000 to
7,50,000.
 Occupation: About 44% of the people are the students who are addicted to the junk foods.
Research Findings-:

 201 respondents are been collected.

 The majority of people are been addictive to the junk food which is 61%.
 The fast food such as French fries, Pizza and Burger are consumed the most by the people.
 Looking through the survey, the favourite spot of the consumer is to buy from the fast-food
restaurants.
 Whereas, 26.9% are the people who consume the junk food once a week and 6.6% of people
do not prefer to eat the junk food.
 Moreover, people spend less than Rs.2000 on the junk food monthly.
 According to the survey the factors that influence is

CONCLUSION:

 Our study findings reveal an increasing junk food consumption among school going-
adolescents, which may contribute to poor growth outcomes. Consumption during travel time,
restaurants, home, and school were found to be more common. Family and peer roles were
also found to be more influencing for junk food accompanying the participants increased
consumption. Interestingly, media exposure played a promotive role in junk food promotion,
and among these, friend's influence is most influential.

 Consumption of junk food among adolescent students was remarkably high in both public
school and private school adolescents. Regardless of adequate knowledge on harmful
consequences of junk foods, school-going adolescents are consuming junk food due to its
easy availability and ready-to-use packaging. The government of Nepal should strictly
standardize and regulate advertising policies and extravagant health claims advertised by junk
food manufacturers. An appropriate intervention incorporated with national nutrition policies
targeted to adolescents for improved food behaviours is recommended.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 McCarthy (2013) the purpose of the study was to observe the junk food issue is a major one
in contemporary settings.
 Yuchu Song (3May 2016) fast food is usually referred to hamburgers, pizza, or fries, or the
kind of food that can be prepared and served quickly at low price.
 Boyland (2012) stated in British department of health that almost one in ten of six-year-olds
and fifteen percent of fifteen-year-old children in England were currently classified as obese.
 Jennifer Appleton Gootman, J. Michael McGinnis (2006) Food Marketing to Children and
Youth: Threat or Opportunity? The health of children faces new diet-related health problems
today that were unexpected just a generation ago.
 Food marketers latch on to health. By: Thompson, Stephanie, Advertising Age, 00018899,
2/23/2004, Vol. 75, Issue 8At the Consumer Analyst Group of New York meeting in
Scottsdale, Ariz., last week, CEOs from Kraft Foods, Kellogg Co
 Monir Hossain and Md. Z Aslam (January 2020) carried a study on fast food consumption
and its Impact on health.
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 Sujan Bohara, Kanchan Thapa , Laxman Datt Bhatt , Shankar Singh Dhami and Shreejana
Wagle (8th April 2021) conducted research on determinants of junk food consumption among
adolescents in Pokhara Valley, Nepal.
 Major Md Serazul Islam, psc carried a study on the impact of fast foodon our life.
 Ashlesha Datar and Nancy Nicosia (may 30,2013) conducted research on Junk Food in
Schools and Childhood Obesity.
 K and Dhanasekar M (2018) conducted research on fast food culture among teenagers in
urban India.
 Gagandeep Kaur (2020) Carried study on consumer preferences among college students
towards junk food.
 Bhaskar rajveer and ola Monika (may 2012) conducted research on impact of junk food on
human health.
 Lt col mercy Antony and Lt col R K Bhatti (June 2015) conducted research on Junk food
consumption and its effects among teenagers.
 Kanika Arora and nidhi tanwar (2014) conducted research on Junkfood.
 Duggal & Harsh Varma (2018) intention to consume junk food.