THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL GUIDNACE TO THE SOCIAL MEDIA

AWARENESS OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

STUDENTS AT TANAUAN INSTITUTE

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

RELATED LITERATURE
This part of literature is composed of several ideas which seized primarily from different
research papers. It includes some studies conducted by different researchers which can be related
to the present study about its subjective matter.
FOREIGN
The presence of social media is all around us. From the standpoint of a consumer, its
pervasiveness is both illuminating and frightening. According to many accounts, brands persuade
consumers through Internet-based ads that are relatively obvious in their intent, such as banner
advertising posted on websites, and in subtler ways, such as influencer posts on social media
pages. Furthermore, the interactive and engaging nature of Internet advertisements tends to
increase the persuasiveness of a branded message, according to Van and Tutaj (2012).
Receivers of such messages need not only advanced cognitive knowledge and resources
to protect themself against persuasion, but therefore an understanding of how social media works
to recognize, and process branded social media posts. As a result, such messages appear to be
especially troubling for children. Children (including adolescents) are unlikely to have
established the skills and abilities necessary to assess the persuasive intent of branded social
media messages. Therefore, many parents may hold negative attitudes toward branded social
media messages (Nikken and Schols, 2015).
Parents' perceptions and the perceived open-mindedness of communications within the
family system are mediated by their perception of the impact of social media use on their family
system. It has been established that perceived collective family effectiveness refers to relatives
and friends' perceptions of their ability to handle daily social interactions, challenges, and
communications within the system, and it aids in obtaining improved family results such as open
communication. Thereby, as the widely spread within families establishes a major challenge to
be handled by parents through participating in activities, which can bring changes in family
communications and behaviors.
Parental mediation has convincingly shown that parents change their mediation strategies
according to their views on the various impacts of media content on their children. Parents
concerned about risk and harm try to protect their children more often by monitoring, limiting,
supervising, and talking critically with their children about media content, while parents feel the
media is educational or entertaining. Offers the opportunity to use the media more often with
children, or to actively discuss content, for example, Sonck et al. (2013)
Teenagers' favorite internet behavior is social media communication networks. Children
and teens are social beings who enjoy engaging in activities that allow them to interact with other
people, such as texting, pictures, videos, instant messaging, and other forms of communication.
According to recent data, social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have surpassed e-
mail as the way of communicating across all age groups. While today's kids and teenagers are
more digitally savvy than their parents, their lack of maturity and life experience can quickly
land them in hot water with these new social venues. As a result, it is critical that parents assist
their children of all ages in using social media. Aditi M.D. (2015)
Understanding how the use of technology affects adolescent learning, growth, and social
development is important for adolescent health and well-being, as well as family well-being.
However, it is difficult to balance parenting authority with the privacy and autonomy of
teenagers. Parents said they wanted to be more transparent about their teens' use of mobile
phones and the Internet and suffered from their own ignorance of technology. Techno parenting
is a decentralized issue, and surprisingly, parents wanted to support and collaborate with a wider
community. Yardi, S., & Bruckman, A. (2011).
According to Wang and Hay Thornthwaite et al. (2012), parental knowledge of and
involvement in their children's Internet use is growing, and despite the risks, teens gain several
benefits and gratifications from using the Internet. Children typically utilize social networking
without supervision or effective control, which indicates issues that negatively impact family
stability.
Millions of parents in the United States are attempting to figure out what their children
are doing on the Internet and why. Understanding how technology affects a child's learning,
growth, and social development is crucial for their health and well-being, as well as the family's
well-being. It's challenging, though, to strike a balance between parental authority and teen
privacy and liberty. This dissertation investigates how parents may help their children manage
their technology and social media usage. (Sarita A. Yardi, 2012)
On social media sites, we can observe that there is more information available. Every
day, the number of new social networking sites grows. When most people use a social network,
however, they prefer to enter all their personal information onto their profile without thinking
about the dangers that could arise from a stranger viewing their profile. This is particularly true
for youngsters under the age of thirteen, who are particularly vulnerable to identity theft.
(Phakpoom Santisarun, Sirapat Boonkrong, 2015)
As social media sites become more complicated and multipurpose, both parents and
adolescents will need to develop digital skills. Parents have increasing difficulty with social
media as their children grow up with it, leading to concerns about their children's social media
mediation. (Rowan Daneels, Hadewijch Vanwynsberghe, 2017)
LOCAL
Parents start too late in teaching their children how to get a good health digital media
consumption habit; it's not all about involvement when things get crucial; it was about
prevention and coaching from the very beginning on how to responsible way use online
devices,". Parents should also be "taught how to use social media properly," so they are aware of
the warning signs of depression, such as changes in behavior and attitude. Dizon and John
(2018).
Social media also makes it easier for people to network by making it an accessible means
of communication. In addition, Filipinos use it to promote something and introduce different
aspects of the Philippines to the world. Although adverse effects are unavoidable, Filipinos can
avoid false information and online backlash by classifying the information and learning the skills
to use websites and apps responsibly. Still, there's still a long way to go to catch up with the out-
of-control rise of social media. It's a new era. And sometimes, the beginning of a new era
coincides with the end of another. Bea G. (2019)
The use of social media varies significantly by age in the United States, with older
generations using it less frequently than younger generations. Even though older generations are
having trouble keeping up with younger generations, 11 percent of adults over 30 are reported to
be engaged online in activities such as blogging, and 22 percent of Internet users over 50 are
reported to be engaged in social networking sites (Madden, 2010)
Parents all over the world are starting to lose contact with their children as they move
away from parental control and into the secret world of social media, where they will have their
own circle of contacts on their own Facebook accounts and messenger chat rooms. They
communicate with strangers and form special relationships with them using these platforms,
which go unnoticed by their parents. Some see it as a precursor to sexual abuse or exploitation.
Cullen (2021).
Social Media Over the last decade, technology has advanced dramatically, and the
internet has emerged as a result. The internet has been beneficial to us for a variety of reasons,
including connecting us with our loved ones, conducting searches related to various interests,
and conducting research for students and professionals, to name a few. In a nutshell, the internet
allows us to interact with others and share information (Sheppard, 2014).
Adolescents of this generation rely on social media sites like Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, and YouTube to stay connected, socialize, and have fun. Despite the convenience that
social media provides for millennials, the increase in time spent on social media sites has
resulted in a rise in parent-child relationship issues because of teenagers' improper use of social
media, such as posting personal issues on their social media accounts, engaging in risky social
media activities, and so on. (Gelzalis Duque, D San Antonio, Leonora Brazil, 2018)
 Many parents still believe that social media has a negative impact. Impact on Student
Performance at School, On the contrary, some parents believe that allowing their children to
interact with social media will improve their attention, intelligence, and abilities at school.
Cauliflower (2014).
Social media is a group of internet-based applications that are currently built on and
enable the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, where websites facilitate user
interaction and collaboration in social media interactions. Is a social communication technology
defined as. Creating and exchanging "user-generated content". (Koo, et al., 2011).
The role of social media in communication has become so popular and important around
the world, social scientists' observations that social media enhances personal connections and
enables direct user participation are health communication programs. Was thought to have a
direct impact on. It can affect the health of the population. (Barnes and Lescault, 2011)

RELATED STUDIES
This study is conducted by different previous researchers about children’s media
exposure. There are several ideas of authors related to this study.

1
FOREIGN
One of the most widely used communication platforms in modern society, social media is
used all over the world and has become an important part of people's daily lives. The term
"social media" refers to a collection of Web 2.0-based online applications that allow users to
create and share content (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).
Parents' mediation methods differ greatly, both in terms of the types of strategies used
and the frequency with which they are used. Some parents create a dedicated media space at
home, for example, by restricting the number of electronic screens in the house in favor of
unstructured play and creative activities. In this line, some parents prefer certain media platforms
over others because of their educational value, and they utilize certain electronic screens as a
reward for good behavior (Chiong and Shuler 2010).
Social media has infiltrated virtually every aspect of social life and is no longer limited to
simple social contact. Its use in communication and entertainment is increasingly replacing
traditional ways of life, and it has an especially profound influence on younger people (Ainin et
al., 2015; Kirschner & Karpinski, 2010; Sahharon et al., 2018; Vasalou et al., 2010).
Contextual applications of social media point to the ways in which platforms are
transformed into cultural artifacts where people make such tools relevant through behaviors,
rather than being seen as objective entities. Furthermore, people's abilities to use social media
vary dependent on context-related digital divides (Lembani et al., 2019).
 According to the research findings of Edwards, McLean, & Morris (2017), parents did
have content knowledge of children’s play-types and how these relate to learning. Importantly,
the findings pointed to the transformational role of social media in parental education initiatives
via social media.

LOCAL
The advantages of using social media and mobile devices for obtaining course
information, video clips, and exchanging instructional notes, among other things, are well
acknowledged. Students often believe that social media and mobile devices are the most cost-
effective and convenient means to obtain relevant information. Using online social media for
collaborative learning has a significant impact on students' academic performance and
satisfaction, according to research (Zhu, 2012).
A study by Capaldi et al. (2014) Parental behavior related to children's media
consumption states that it may have a long-term impact on the BMI of middle-aged children.
This study highlighted the importance of parental media surveillance activities to prevent
childhood obesity.
A rising number of scientists are beginning to use these platforms to chat about research,
such as posting blogs about their work, papers they've read, and lab activities, or using Twitter to
collect and share stories and information with like-minded peers. (Rowan, 2011).
The usage of social media and social networking has spread so widely in recent years that
no academic institution has been able to contain its impact on education. There have been studies
done on the influence of various devices and their efficacy in certain school situations. (M.H.
Yncierto, et al., 2018).
Social media is now the most widely used form of communication, with people from all
walks of life using it. As a result, social media has become ubiquitous, influencing people's
habits. It has changed the way we communicate, socialize, and engage. Furthermore, as a
platform and venue for activities not achievable in a face-to-face environment, this new way of
consuming and creating information is particularly appealing to youngsters (Leea, et al., 2015).

SIMILARITY OF PREVIOUS AND PRESENT STUDY

There are several studies about children’s media exposure that were made in the past that are
related to the present study. Although they are not exactly related, somehow it fits the concept of the
study.

FOREIGN
 The study of Kaplan and Haenlein (2010) is similar to the present study because it
stated that social media become an important part of people lives, which is true, and allow users
to create and share content, However, in the present study, social media use as one of the
application uses in online classes and it became one of essential for communicating. There is a
finding that social media has a bad effect on daily lives, mostly on the child.

The study of Long and Mariano et al., (2017) is related to the present study because it
stated that the introduction of video application has aided the development and utilization of
social media, and improved communication between nurses and patients, however, in the present
research the video introduction can attract the youngers to know more about social media, it has
a negative impact to younger people. The researcher’s finding social media improve the
communicating to all professionals to make the inquiries easy and to promote something.
The study of Lembani, et al. (2019) is similar to the present study because it stated
that social media platforms are transformed into cultural artifacts where people make tools
relevant through behavior. However, in the present study social media use to cyberbullying, this
platform transforms into negative impact to all users. Good behavior can help social media to
control the negative impact.

LOCAL
Zhu (2012) research study is similar to the current study because they stated that the
benefits of social media and mobile devices for analyzing course information, video clips, and
exchanging instructional notes, among other things, are well recognized. However, according to
the findings of a study, social media and mobile devices are the most cost-effective and
convenient ways to obtain relevant information. Learning, on the other hand, has a significant
impact on students' academic performance.
Chou et al. (2015)'s study is similar to the current study in that it states that social media
improved individuals' connectedness and allowed users direct interaction, and thus were regarded
as having direct implications for public health communication campaigns. However, the rise of
social media has fueled an increase in media consumption among the public.
M.H.'s research Similar to the present study, Yncierto et al. (2018) stated that the use of
social media and social networking has spread so widely in recent years that no academic
institution has been able to contain its impact on education. On the other hand, the presence of
mobile devices increases children's vulnerability to risk and harm, including misuse of private
information and access to harmful content.
Leea et al., (2015)'s study is similar to the current students in that it states that social
media is now the most widely used form of communication, with people from all walks of life
using it. As a result, social media has become pervasive and has influenced people's habits. It has
altered how we communicate, socialize, and interact. Furthermore, parents had content
knowledge of their children's play types and how they relate to learning. Importantly, the
findings indicated that social media could play a transformative role in parental education.

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