HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND

VICT IMOLOGY
RANDALL LYN B. BLASCO, RCRIM.
SEGMENT 4. PERSONALITY
•Personality refers to the sum total of
typing ways of acting, thinking, and
feeling that makes each person unique.
•Personality is a distinctive and relatively
stable pattern of behavior, thoughts,
motives and emotions that characterizes
an individual throughout life.
 TWO TYPES OF PERSONALITY
(CARL JUNG)
1. INTROVERT- An introvert is a person whose
attention is focused inward. He/she is
usually shy, reserved, and self-centered
person.
2. EXTROVERT- An extrovert is a person
whose attention is directed outward. He/she
is a bold and outgoing person.
SIX APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY
1. PSYHOANALYTIC APPROACH- Psychoanalytic
approach argues that people’s unconscious
minds are largely responsible for important
differences in their behavior styles. This
emphasizes childhood experiences as critically
important in shaping adult personality. This
was initiated by Sigmund Freud.
The Structure of Personality
a) ID- id allows us to get our basic needs
met. Freud believed that the id is based
on the pleasure principle. Id refers to
the selfish, primitive, childish, pleasure-
oriented part of the personality with no
ability to delay gratification. Freud called
the id the “true psychic personality”.
b. EGO- The ego’s job is to meet the
needs of the id, whilst taking into
account the constraint of reality. The
ego acknowledges that being impulsive
or selfish can sometimes hurt us, so the
id must be constrained (reality
principle). It can be viewed as our
“sense of time and place”.
c) SUPEREGO (conscience of man)- It is generally
believed that a strong superego serves to
inhibit the biological instincts of the id
(resulting in a high level of guilt), whereas a
weak superego allows the id more expression-
resulting in a low level of guilt. Superego
internalizes societal and parental standards of
“good” and “bad”, “right” and “wrong” behavior.
 Level of Awareness
(Topographical Model by Freud)

1. The Conscious Level

2. The Preconscious Level
3. The Unconscious Level
1. The Conscious Level
• It consists of whatever
sensations and experiences
you are aware of at a given
moment of time.
2. The Preconscious Level
• This domain is sometimes called
“available memory” that encompasses all
experiences that are not conscious at the
moment but which can easily be
retrieved into awareness either
spontaneously or with a minimum of
effort.
3. The Unconscious Level
• It is the deepest and major stratum of the
human mind. It is the storehouse for
primitive instinctual drives plus emotions
and memories that are so threatening to the
conscious mind that they have been
repressed of, or unconsciously pushed into
the unconscious mind.
2. TRAIT APPROACH
• Trait approach identifies where a person
might lie along continuum of various
personality characteristics. It attempts to
learn and explain the traits that make up
personality, the differences between people
in terms of their personal characteristics,
and how they relate to actual behavior.
• Trait refers to the characteristics
of an individual, describing a
habitual way of behaving,
thinking, and feeling.
 Kinds of Trait
(Gordon Allport)
a) Common Traits- these are personality
traits that are shared by most members
of a particular culture.
b) Individual Traits- these are personality
traits that define a person’s unique
individual qualities.
c) Cardinal Traits- these are personality
traits that are so basic that all person’s
activities relate to it.
d) Central Traits- these are the core traits
that characterize an individual’s
personality. Central traits are the major
characteristics of our personalities that
are quite generalized and enduring.
e) Secondary Traits- these are traits
that are inconsistent or relatively
superficial, less generalized and far
less enduring that affects our
behaviors in specific circumstances.
TRAIT THEORY (LEWIS GOLDBERG)
“BIG FIVE or FIVE FACTOR THEORY”
a) Extraversion- this dimension contrasts
such traits as sociable, outgoing, talkative,
assertive, persuasive, decisive, and active
with more introverted traits such as
withdrawn, quiet, passive, retiring, and
reserved.
b) Conscientiousness- this factor
differentiates individual who are
dependable, organized, reliable,
responsible, thorough, hardworking, and
preserving from those undependable,
disorganized, impulsive, unreliable,
irresponsible, careless, negligent and lazy.
c) Neuroticism- people high on
neuroticism are prone to emotional
instability. They tend to experience
negative emotions and to be
moody, irritable, nervous, and
prone to worry.
d) Agreeableness- this factor is
composed of a collection of traits that
range from compassion to antagonism
towards others. A person high on
agreeableness would be a pleasant
person, good-natures, sympathetic,
and cooperative.
e) Openness- this factor contrasts
individuals who are imaginative,
curious, broad-minded, and
cultured with those who are
concrete-minded and practical,
and whose interests are narrow.
PERSONALITY TRAIT (HANS EYSENCK)

a) Extrovert- it refers to a person that is sociable,

outgoing, and active.
b) Introvert- it refers to a person that is
withdrawn, quiet, and introspective.
c) Emotionally Unstable- it is a trait that is being
anxious, excitable, and easily disturbed.
Four Types of Temperament
• Melancholic - sad, gloomy
• Choleric - hot-tempered, irritable
• Phlegmatic - sluggish, calm
• Sanguine - cheerful, hopeful
 3. BIOLOGICAL APPROACH
•Biological approach points to inherited
predispositions and physiological processes to
explain individual differences in personality. It is
a perspective that emphasizes the role of
biological process and heredity as the key to
understanding behavior.
4. HUMANIST IC APPROACH
• Humanistic approach identifies personal
responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance
as the key causes of differences in
personality. This perspective focuses on how
humans have evolved and adapted behaviors
required for survival against various
environmental pressures over the long course
of evolution.
5. BEHAVIORAL OR SOCIAL LEARNING
APPROACH

• It explains consistent behavior patterns

as a result of conditioning and
expectations. This emphasizes the role
of environment in shaping behavior.
What is Behavioral Personality Theory?

• It is the model of personality

that emphasizes learning and
observable behavior.
What is Social Learning Theory?
• It is an explanation of personality
that combines learning principles,
cognition, and the effects of social
relationships.
What is Self-reinforcement?

• This is the praising or rewarding

oneself for having made a
particular response.
What is Identification?
• It is a feeling from which one is
emotionally connected to a person and a
way of seeing oneself as himself or
herself. The child admires adults who
love and care for him/her and this
encourages imitation.
6. COGNITIVE APPROACH
• Cognitive approach looks at
differences in the way people process
information to explain differences in
behavior. This perspective emphasizes
the role of mental processes that
underlie behavior.
THANK YOU!