Complex Variables

and Transforms
(MATH-232)
Introduction
Dr. Hina Dutt
hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
SEECS-NUST
Semester Planner
Course Logistics
 Course Code: Math-232 Semester: 4th
Prerequisite
Credit Hours: 3+0
Codes:
Instructor: Dr. Hina Munir Dutt Discipline: BESE

Office: A-306, Faculty Block Telephone: 051-90852378

Lecture Days: Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday E-mail:

hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk

CR-02, CR-03, CR-08, Tuesday: 1500-1700 hours

Class Room: Consulting Hours:
CR-18, CR-19 Friday: 1500-1700 hours

Knowledge Group: Applied Mathematics Updates on LMS: After every lecture

Course Description

This course provides sound knowledge of calculus in

the complex domain with a detailed discussion on
complex algebra, complex functions, analyticity and
contour integration.
It also covers Fourier Series, Fourier Integrals and
Fourier Transforms to provide students strong
mathematical tools to solve Engineering/Technology
problems.
Course Objectives
Develop understanding of complex functions,
analyticity and contour integration. The
applications will be covered from potential
theory of harmonic functions.

Learn solution techniques of Fourier series

and Fourier transform.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
CLO1 CLO2 Represent a CLO3
Describe given Evaluate
Complex function in Fourier and
functions, terms of Z-
derivatives Fourier transforms
and contour series and of a given
Fourier function.
integrals. integrals.
PLO2 PLO2 PLO2
C2* C3* C6*

* BT= Bloom’s Taxonomy, C=Cognitive domain, P=Psychomotor domain, A= Affective domain

Program Learning Outcomes
Mapping of CLOs to Program Learning Outcomes
PLOs/CLOs CLO1 CLO2 CLO3
PLO 1 (Engineering Knowledge)
PLO 2 (Problem Analysis) √ √ √
PLO 3 (Design/Development of Solutions)
PLO 4 (Investigation)
PLO 5 (Modern tool usage)
PLO 6 (The Engineer and Society)
PLO 7 (Environment and Sustainability)
PLO 8 (Ethics)
PLO 9 (Individual and Team Work)
PLO 10 (Communication)
PLO 11 (Project Management)
PLO 12 (Lifelong Learning)
Bloom’s Taxonomy
Marks Distribution
Marks Distribution

10

10

50

Quizzes
30
Assignments & Class Presentations
MSE
ESE
Books
• Advanced Engineering
Mathematics (9th Edition) by
Ervin Kreyszig.
• A First Course in Complex
Analysis with Applications by
Dennis G. Zill.
Text Books
• Real and Complex Analysis by
Walter Rudin.
• Complex Variables &
Applications by James Ward
Brown, Ruel V. Churchill.
• Advanced Modern
Engineering Mathematics by
Glyn James.
Reference
Books
 Complex Variables and
Transforms

Fourier
Complex Fourier Transform
Variables Series and Z-
Transform
Complex Analysis
Complex analysis has many applications in heat conduction, fluid flow,
electrostatics, and in other areas. It extends “real calculus” to “complex
calculus” by introducing complex numbers and functions. While many
ideas carry over from calculus to complex analysis, there is a marked
difference between the two. For example, analytic functions (differentiable
in some domain) of complex analysis, have derivatives of all orders. This is
in contrast to calculus, where real-valued functions of real variables may
have derivatives only up to a certain order. Thus, in certain ways, problems
that are difficult to solve in real calculus may be much easier to solve in
complex analysis.
Why Complex Analysis?
Complex analysis is important in applied mathematics for three main reasons:
1. Two-dimensional potential problems can be modeled and solved by methods
of analytic functions. This reason is the real and imaginary parts of analytic
functions satisfy Laplace’s equation in two real variables.
2. Many difficult integrals (real or complex) that appear in applications can be
solved quite elegantly by complex integration.
3. Most functions in engineering mathematics are analytic functions, and their
study as functions of a complex variable leads to a deeper understanding of
their properties and to interrelations in complex that have no analog in real
calculus.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms

For most human tasks, real numbers (or even rational numbers) offer an adequate
description of data.

Fractions such as 2/3 and 1/8 are meaningless to a person counting stones, but
essential to a person comparing the sizes of different collections of stones.
Negative numbers such as −3 and −5 are meaningless when measuring the mass
of an object, but essential when keeping track of monetary debits and credits.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
Imaginary numbers have essential concrete applications in a variety of sciences
and related areas such as Signal Processing, Control Theory, Electromagnetism,
Communication Systems, Broadband Technologies, Quantum Mechanics,
Cartography, Vibration Analysis, and many others.

The Fourier Transform and Series and their analytic properties are very commonly
used in Telecommunications, Digital Signal Processing, Digital Image Processing,
Electronics Design, and more.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms
Dispersion is the phenomenon of different frequencies traveling at different
speeds down a wire or other transmission line, and it can prevent signals in a
circuit from being properly sent, if proper attention is not paid to it. Fourier and
thus complex analysis is critical in understanding dispersion and being able to
correct for it.

Along with the concept of Fourier transformations, we have the Laplace and 𝑍-
transforms. These transforms are useful in Circuit Analysis and Control Theory to
build increasingly complex electronics.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms

Knowing how to deal with the various challenges in Signal Theory, such as the
locations of poles (places where a function goes to infinity) and zeros of a
function which represents a circuit allows us to build appropriate filters and
amplifiers. It also helps us to build digital filters, use anti-aliasing, or sample data
if we’re doing digital signal processing. Again, it’s important to know not just
what complex variables and functions look like, but how to properly apply
analysis to these variables and functions to turn them into usable forms.
Importance of Complex Variables and
Transforms

Fourier transforms are a fundamental part of Signal Processing and in order

to properly understand, and employ Fourier transforms, one must have a
background in complex analysis.

In addition, some of the computation in Circuit Analysis involves complex

numbers and phase shifts can be dealt with in the complex plane.