1a.

Construct Inflow Performance Relationship Curve of a vertical well in a saturated oil

reservoir using Vogel’s equation. The following data are given

Porosity φ = 0.17

Effective horizontal permeability = k = 7.3 md

Pay zone thickness h = 75 ft.

Reservoir pressure P = 6,342 psia.

Bubble point pressure = Pb = 6500 psia

Fluid Formation Volume Factor = Bo = 1.3 rb/stb

Fluid viscosity = µo = 1.85 cp

Total compressibility = Ct = 0.0000132 psi-1

Drainage Area: A = 640 Acres (re = 2980ft)

Well bore radius = rw = 0.328ft

Skin factor = 0.25

1b. If the Tubing Performance Relationship (TPR) curve can be represented by

−6 2 −5
q=2. 6∗10 ∗DP wf +8 . 7∗10 ∗DP wf +0 .057 , where Pwf is the flowing bottom hole

pressure in psia. and D is the tubing diameter in inches.

Determine the change in flow rate if the tubing of diameter 5 inches is replaced by tubing of
diameter 7.5 inches.

2a. Discuss the methods available for the control and prevention of sand production during
petroleum production

2b. What are the roles and functions of the Petroleum Production Engineers.

2c. Write on the major types of Well Completion.

2d. Write on different methods used in the treatment of oil field emulsions
2e. Discuss the different types of Gas Oil Separation Plant

3a. Derive the formulae used to determine the cumulative production for oil well
experiencing

i. Exponential decline
ii. Harmonic decline
iii. Hyperbolic decline

3b. A well with initial production of 4500 bopd with decline rate of 0.08416/year, if b = 0.73,
calculate:

i. The production during the 16th year

ii. The total production from the eleventh to the seventeenth year.
iii. The gas production during the third year if gas oil ratio is 35200 scf/stb
3c. A well declining at a rate 0.5/year, with the initial production rate of 100 bopd if b =
0.9/year

i. Determined the production rate for the first year

ii. Find the production for each of the first five years
4a.. What is Reservoir Deliverability. Highlight the reservoir parameters that affect reservoir
deliverability.

4b. Construct IPR of a well in a saturated oil reservoir using both Vogel’s and Fetkovich’s
equations. The following data are given:
−
Reservoir pressure P = 3000psia

Tested flowing bottom hole pressure in well A Pwf1 = 2000psia

Tested production rate from well A = q1 = 500 stb/day

Tested flowing bottom hole pressure in well B Pwf2 = 1000psia

Tested production rate from well B = q2 = 800 stb/day

4c. Construct IPR of a vertical well in an un-saturated oil reservoir, consider

i. Transient flow at 1 month

ii. Steady state flow
iii. Pseudo-steady state flow.
The following data are given.

Porosity = φ = 0.19

Effective horizontal permeability = k = 8.2md

Reservoir zone thickness = h = 53ft

Reservoir pressure Pe or P = 5615psia

Bubble point pressure = Pb = 50 psia

Formation formation Volume Factor Bo = 1.1stb/bbl.

Fluid viscosity = µ = 1.7cp

Total compressibility = ct = 0,0000129 psi-1

Drainage area = A = 640 acres (re = 2,980ft)

Wellbore radius = rw = 0.328ft

Skin factor = S = 0

5a. Discuss the well stimulation operations used in the petroleum industry

5b. Discuss the natural gas processing and treatment processes.

5c. List the factors that determine reservoir deliverability.

5d. Write on methods of crude-oil measurement and storage

6. A well starts production with production rate of 4500 BOPD, decline rate of 0.01263/year
and b = 1.0, after production for 20 years there was an alteration in the reservoir drive
mechanism resulting in new decline rate and b values of 0.02195/year and 0.86 respectively.
If the economic rate of the well is 300BOPD calculate:

a. The cumulative production during the first twenty (20) years

b. The cumulative production during the first thirty two (32) years.

c. The total production between 16th and 27th year.

d. The total life of the well.

e. The total un-produced oil in the reservoir after the abandonment at the economic rate of
300BOPD.
7. A pipeline of diameter 9-inches and length 450 miles was used to deliver natural gas from a
gas well to a gas processing plant. Due to increase in gas demand three major upgrade were
performed on the pipeline as tabulated in the table below:

S/N Operation Operation Details

1 Initially
2 1st up-grade
3 2nd up-grade
4 3rd up-grade
Pipeline of diameter 9-in. and 450 miles long
45% of the initial pipeline was looped with an 11-in. pipeline
on the left and side
The entire length of the initial pipeline was looped with a 13-in.
pipeline on the right hand side
The remaining length on the left hand side was looped with a
14-in. pipeline.

Calculate using Weymouth’s equation without friction factor:

a. The resulted percentage increase in flow rate from the first upgrade

b. The resulted percentage increase in flow rate from the second upgrade

c. The resulted percentage increase in flow rate from the third upgrade

8. It is desired to transport gas measured at standard conditions of 14.7psia and 60oF to

Canaan-city from a gas field. The gas is delivered to the pipeline (point A) at 750psia, and
it is to be transmitted through sets of horizontal and non-uniform pipelines network
(whose schematic diagram and parameters are as in Figure 1 and Table 1 respectively)
through point B with a pressure of 350psia so the outlet pressure at the Canaan-city (point
C) is not less than 120psia, assume the specific gravity of the gas to be 0.67 and the
temperature of flow is 85oF. What is the flow rate at which the gas is delivered to the city?

Table 1: Pipelines Network Parameters

Pipeline Length Diameter Friction

Serial No (miles) (inches) factor
PED I 290 12 0.0176
PED 2 255 9 0.0158
PED 3 320 11 0.0169
PED 4 237 13 0.0181
PED 5 210 9 0.0158
PED 6 248 14 0.0172
 PED 1 PED 4

PED 2 PED 5

A C
B
PED 6

Figure 1: Pipeline Networks from Natural Gas Field to Canaan-city

9. A Natural gas contains 45% methane, 25% Ethane, 10% propane, 10% n-butane,
8% carbon IV oxide and 2% hydrogen sulphide by number of molecules. The
temperature is 95oF and pressure is 1050psia ( if R = 10.73 psia-ft3/ib-mole oR)
Calculate:
a. The pseudo-critical temperatures and pressures
b. The corrected pseudo-critical temperature and pressure
c. The gas compressibility factor
d. The gas specific gravity
e. The gas formation volume factor
f. The gas density

10. Derive the following:

a. The modification of the Weymouth equation to account for non-horizontal

flow

b. The transformation of the equation that can be used to calculate fraction of

looped pipeline to obtain a given increase in gas flow rate to the one that that
gives a percentage increase if the percentage of looped pipeline is given
 c. The expression that can be used to obtain the equivalent diameter-length-
friction factor for pipelines in series and parallel considered both Weymouth
equation with and without friction factors.

11. Calculate the percentage increase in gas capacity for each case in Table 2, when a
pipeline of length 420 miles and diameter 8.5-in. has:

Table 2:

Case Scenario
1 45% of its length looped with 12-in. pipeline
2 60% of its length looped with 9-in. pipeline
3 52% of its length looped with 11-in. pipeline
4 Half of its length looped with 1-ft pipeline
5 45% of its length looped with 1-ft-3-in. pipeline