Design and Implementation of

Automated Projects Lab based on PLC

and HMI

Submitted By
M Badar Ashraf Rana (F2019019039)
Qasim Akthar (F2019019053)
Supervised By
Dr Asif Hussain

Department of Electrical Engineering

School of Engineering
University of Management and Technology
Design and Implementation of Automated Projects Lab
based on PLC and HMI

Submitted to the faculty of the Electrical Engineering Department of the University

of Management and Technology, Lahore in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science
in
Electrical Engineering
___________ __________
Project Advisor Co-Advisor

______________________

Director

Undergraduate Studies

Department of Electrical Engineering

School of Engineering
University of Management and Technology
 Declaration
I declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own, except where explicitly started
otherwise. In addition this work has not been submitted to obtain another degree or professional
qualification.

Signed: __________________

Date: ____________________
 Acknowledgement
The Final Year Project Report has been prepared by

M Badar Ashraf Rana (F2019019039)

Qasim Akthar (F2019019053)

The final year project has been done under the supervision of Dr Asif Hussain. To study the
practical aspects of the course and practical implementation of the theory in the field with the
purpose of fulfilling the requirements of the course of BS of Electrical Engineering. We would
like to express our sincere gratitude to respected Sir Asif Hussain and Sir Bilal Anwar for the
support and encouragement.

___________________

Dr Asif Hussain

Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering SEN

Chapter 1 Table of Contents
Chapter 1....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.1 What is Automation? ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 Background of Project ........................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Introduction to PLC ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Introduction to HMI .............................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 2....................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.2Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter 3....................................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1Proposed Approach ............................................................................................................................. 6
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
PLC Programmable Logic Controller

HMI Human Machine Interface

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

ANN Artificial Neural Network

Abstract
Consider the Practical implementation on the automation of the Projects lab by using PLC and
HMI. Programmable Logic Controller is utilized extensively for various automation projects.
Design a system that is automatically controlled, energy efficient, which includes all basic
features that saves energy and the staff comfort. The PLC is connected to Sensors and can
activate the lights, Fans and AC using relays. Ladder diagram is used to design the main
program for PLC. This PLC is capable to storing instruction, sequencing timing and processing.
Human Machine Interface (HMI) is used to control or monitor which helps to assure the
balanced control System. In this project DOP soft is used to design the screen of the HMI that
provides easy access and control of system.
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 What is Automation?

Automation is the development and use of technology to manufacture and provides goods and
services with little or no human involvement. Many tasks that were formerly carried out by
people are now more productive and quick because to the use of automation technologies and
techniques. The examples of automation are as follow

❖ Home Automation
Home Automation is a combination of hardware and software technologies that permits
the control and management over different appliances within a home.
❖ Network Automation
Network automation is the process of automating the configuration and different
operations of a computer network.
❖ Office Automation
Office Automation requires using of computers and software to digitalize different
process and communicate most routine tasks and processes in the standard office.
❖ Industrial Automation
Industrial Automation is the usage of set of technologies and automatic control devices
that control or monitor industrial processes without major human intervention and
achieving better performance than manual control.

Different types of Automation devices are as follow

• PLC- Programmable Logic Controller

• SCADA- Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
• HMI- Human Machine Interface
• ANN- Artificial Neural Network
• Instrumentation
• Motion Control
• Robotics

1
 1.1.2 Background of Project

Currently, the energy crisis is the main concern that the world is facing that’s why many
countries of the world are focusing on the development of different ways that reduces the
wastage of Electricity. With the development of new technologies day by day human life
becomes more dependent on the latest technologies. Increasing in energy demand and wastage
of electricity forces to adopt sustainable energy solutions. Smart rooms provides energy
efficient room automation by controlling and monitoring of the electrical equipments while
reducing operating cost of appliances. Room automation mainly focus on the automation of
Lights , fan, AC and other room appliances by considering human friendly room environment.

Consider the practical implementation on the automation of the Projects lab by using Delta
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Human Machine Interface (HMI). PLC is utilized
extensively for various automation projects. The PLC is capable to storing instructions,
sequencing timing and processing. PLC is a versatile control unit due to its ability to be
reprogrammed with user friendly programming languages such as Ladder logic and structured
text .It is also possible to combine PLC model with other devices such as GSM. Design a
system that is automatically controlled, energy efficient, which includes all basic features that
saves energy and the staff comfort. The PLC is connected to different Sensors and can activate
lights, fans, and AC and other electrical appliances by using relays. Ladder diagram is used to
design the main program for PLC.

Human Machine Interface (HMI) is used to control or monitor which helps to assure the
balanced control system. In this project DOP soft is used to design the screen of the HMI that
provides easy access control of system. Programming of the HMI involves assigning tags to
screen elements. A tag is basically a link or connection between a screen element of the HMI
and an address in the PLC. The HMI screen is password protected which means only authorized
person can access the HMI screen. Once the correct password is entered into the HMI screen,
the user can access the electrical control of the lab.

1.2 Introduction to PLC

Programmable Logic controller (PLC) is a major component of the industrial control system.
The hardware structure of the PLC is similar with microcomputer. It is a kind of programmable
memory for storing programs internally, performing logic operations, timing and counting. PLC
mainly consists of a power supply, a central processing unit, an input/output module and an
expansion module.

1.2.1 Introduction to HMI

A Human Machine Interface (HMI) is a user interface or a dashboard that connects a person to
a controller or machine. HMI are similar with Graphical User Interface (GUI). HMI can be used
to monitor the inputs/outputs of the controller, and visually display data. In order to get the

2
present data for user to view, HMI interface with the input outputs of the programmable logic
controller and the sensors. HMI screens can be used for a single task such as monitoring and
tracking or others different complex actions such as controlling different machines.

3
Chapter 2
2.1 Literature Review

In this project we focus on the practical implementation of the automation of the Projects lab
based on PLC and HMI. For this purpose we study different research paper on the automation by
using the Programmable logic controller and Human Machine Interface.
Automation- Automation often known as automatic control system to operate different machines
various industrial operations such as boilers control and heat treatment ovens with little to no
human involvement. The domestic counterpart of automation is home automation or office
automation commonly referred to as domestic. It is the automation of domestic tasks or
activities. Home automation consists of the automation of lights, Fans, HVAC (Heating
Ventilation and Air conditioning and the automatic control of different appliances.

PLC- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used to automate

electromechanical processes such as the control of different machines and lighting fixtures. The
PLC is designed for diverse input and output configuration and consists of main central
processing unit. PLC can operate the output according to the commands set in the CPU. The
input of the PLC can be different sensors and the output of the PLC is different electrical
appliances which can operate on the commands sets in the PLC.

Ladder Logic Diagram- Ladder logic also known as ladder diagram is a programming language
used to program a PLC. It is a graphical PLC programming language that used symbolic notation
to define logic processes. Ladder Logic is frequently used to program PLC which requires
sequential control of a process or manufacturing operation. For the simple or crucial control
systems ladder logic is suitable for the programming of PLC. Ladder logic programming is
frequently used in conjuction with human machine interface (HMI) program running on the
computer workstation.

HMI- Human Machine Interface (HMI) is a user interface or a dashboard that connects a person
to a controller or machine. HMI are similar with Graphical User Interface (GUI). HMI can be
used to monitor the inputs/outputs of the controller, and visually display data. In order to get the
present data for user to view, HMI interface with the input outputs of the programmable logic
controller and the sensors. HMI screens can be used for a single task such as monitoring and
tracking or others different complex actions such as controlling different machines.

Sensors- Sensors is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which
can be read by an observer or by an instrument. In this project we use occupancy sensors for the
automation of the lights, sensor can detect the presence of the person and according to that the
light will turn on and for the temperature control of the AC use a temperature and humidity and
the use of Fire sensors and smoke sensors for the safety purpose.

4
 2.2Problem Statement

In these days energy crisis is the main concern that the world is facing that’s why many countries
of the world are focusing on the development of different ways that reduces the wastage of
Electricity. With the development of new technologies day by day human life becomes more
dependent on the latest technologies. Wastage of electricity and rising energy demand requires
the use of sustainable energy solution solutions. Smart rooms offer energy efficient room
automation by regulating and monitoring the electrical equipment while lowering operating cost
of appliances. Room automation primarily focuses on the automation of lights, fans, air
conditioners and other room equipment while taking into account a comfortable living space. By
following the latest technological development we consider the design and implementation of the
automated projects lab based on PLC and HMI. We choose projects lab for the automation
because we see the wastage of electricity in the lab such as lights and fans were unusually on
when there is no person in the rooms. To reduce this wastage of electricity we choose this lab for
automation.

5
Chapter 3
3.1Proposed Approach

We use Programmable logic controller (PLC) as a main controller for the automation of the
Projects Lab. The PLC is consist of input/output modules the inputs of the PLC is different
sensors such as occupancy sensors, temperature sensors, Fire sensor, and smoke sensor and the
output ports are connected with different electrical appliances such as lights, fans, AC. In the
output side of the PLC we use relays. The purpose of relays is to operate the outputs of the PLC
as well as the protection of the PLC. For the automation of lights we use occupancy sensor. The
sensor will connect with the input port of the PLC and set command on the processing unit of the
PLC when the sensor detects the presence in the rooms the lights will automatically turn on and
automatically turn off when there will be no presence in the room. For controlling the
temperature of the room we use temperature sensors the sensor will connect with the input port
of the PLC and according to the temperature of the room the speed of the AC will changes
automatically. We use ladder diagram to design the main program for PLC. To control and
monitor the all operations of PLC we use Human Machine Interface (HMI). Programming of the
HMI involves assigning tags to screen elements. A tag is basically a link or connection between
the screen elements of the HMI and an address in the PLC. In this project DOP soft is used to
design the screen of the HMI that provide easy access and control of the system.